英语国家概况谢福之chapter.ppt

UnionFlagorUnionJack ChapterOne Geography PeopleandLanguage Contents IGeography 1 GeographicalFeature2 Climate3 MajorCities 1 5 3 2 4 England Wales TheRepublicofIreland Scotland NorthernIreland Edinburgh Cardiff London Belfast Dublin Components EnglandScotlandWalesNorthernIreland England itconsistsoflowlandterrain 低地地形 withsomemountainousterrain 山区地形 inthenorth west northandsouth west England Englandoccupiesthelargest Ithasanareaof130 281squarekilometreswhichtakesupnearly60 ofthewholeisland EnglandisinthesouthernpartofGreatBritain Itisthemostpopulousandwealthiestpartofthecountry Capital London England Highlyurbanized 80 ofpopulationlivingincities only2 workinginagricultureDominancein size culture economy takeEnglandforUK theThamesRiver泰晤士河 Thesecondlongestriver Thames 346squarekilometers LakeDistrict ascenicspotinNorthWestEnglandApopularholidaydestinationbeingfamousforitslakesanditsmountainsitsassociationswiththeearly19thcenturypoetryandwritingsofWilliamWordsworthandotherpoets LakeDistrict Scotland Itsgeographyisvaried withlowlandsinthesouthandeastandhighlandsinthenorthandwest Scotland Scotland withanareaof78 772squrekilometers occupiesthenorthernpartofBritain Tourismisoneofthemostimportantindustries TouristsfromallovertheworldcometoenjoythebeautyofScottishscenery todrinkScotchwhiskyandtoseeScotsmenwearingkiltsandplayingbagpipes BenNevis 本尼维斯山 thehighestmountaininBritain 1343m islocatedhereTheClydeRiver 克莱德河 isthemostimportantriverinScotlandEdinburghisthecapitalofScotland ThehighlandsinScotland sparselypopulated withmanymountainrangesdominatingtheregion andincludingthehighestmountainintheBritishIsles BenNevis BenNevis 1343metershigh Wales It smostlymountainous takeinguplessthan9 ofthewholeisland SouthWalesislessmountainousthanNorthandMidWales Wales Ithasanareaof20 780squarekilometreswhichtakesuplessthan9 ofthewholeisland Thelongestriver SevernRiver塞文河 354squarekilometers Snowdonia 1 085m inthenorthwestisthehighestmountaininWales ThecapitalofWalesisCardiff NorthernIreland NorthernIrelandisafourthregionoftheUnitedKingdom Ittakesupthenorthernone sixthoftheislandofIrelandandhasanareaof14 135squarekilometresLoughNeaghisthelargestlakeintheBritishIsles 396squarekilometers BelfastisthecapitalofNorthernIreland NorthernIreland SmallestamongthefournationsinBritainMostlyrural lowhills beautifullakeinthesouth west ruggedcoastline 多岩石的海岸线 Giant scauseway 巨人之路 1 The8thNaturalWonderoftheWorld suburbofBelfast Sixtymillionyearsago Giant scauseway 2 Prodigiousskills 鬼斧神工 ofNature 2 Climate Maincharacteristics Temperate withwarmsummers coldwintersandplentyrainfallThreemajorfeatures WinterfogRainydaysInstability changeability 3 MajorCities London TheRiverThames thecapitalofEnglandandofGreatBritainthepoliticalcenteroftheCommonwealth 英联邦 amajorportoneoftheworld sleadingbankingandfinancialcenters London seatofgovernment centerofculture businesscenter industrialcenter largestpopulation hometoallmedia galleries theatres museums combiningfunctionsofNewYork Washington LosAngeles Oneofthefourleadingcitiesintheworld NewYork Paris Tokyo London Thecapital thelargestportandthelargestcityinBritainTheCityofLondon InnerLondon OuterLondon GreaterLondon 大伦敦 Thecommercialcenter theWestEnd 伦敦西区 Thepoliticalcenter theCityofWestminster Downingstreet唐宁街 BuckinghamPalace白金汉宫 Theculturalcenter LondonUniversity thebiggest ThecenterofLaborMovement Chartism 宪章运动TheOlympicsgamestobeheldherein2012 Landmarks SymbolsofLondon BuckinghamPalace BuckinghamPalace STPaul sCathedral anAnglicancathedraltheseatoftheBishopofLondononeofLondon smostfamousandmostrecognisablesights BigBenthelargestfour facedchimingclock thethird tallestfree standingclocktowerintheworld Itscelebrationofits150thanniversaryinMay2009 WestministerAbbey alarge mainlyGothicchurch inWestminster LondonthetraditionalplaceofcoronationandburialsiteformonarchsofCommonwealthRealms Landmarks SymbolsofLondon ThepalaceofWestminster TheLondonEye aheightof135metres 443ft thelargestFerriswheelinEuropethemostpopularpaidtouristattractionintheUnitedKingdom Landmarks SymbolsofLondon LondonEye TowerBridge aniconicsymbolofLondonCarries motorvehicles cyclists pedestriansCrossesThamesTotallength244metres 801ft Opened30June1894 BritishMuseum大英博物馆 MajorCities Edinburgh CapitalofScotlandadministrative financial legal medicalandinsurancecenterofScotlandbeautifulsceneryrenownedarchitecture Ediburghcastle ThesymbolofEdiburghsituatedonamoundofvolcanicrockoneofScotland soldestcastles unequalledinthewholeoftheBritishIslesaremarkablefortress 堡垒 thehistoricalinterestofandformerroyalresidence visitedannuallybyapproximatelyonemillionpeopleNovisittoEdinburghiscompletewithoutavisittoEdinburghCastle ThenewcityofEdinburgh CastlesinEdiburgh Airthcastle A14thcenturycastle aspaandaScottishcastleaccommodation oneofthemostpopularplacesforScottishcastleweddings Stirlingcastle about30milesfromGlasgowand40milesfromEdinburghAlonghistory animportantfortificationandthesiteofmanysiegesandbattles standingoutforitsimposinglocationandstoriedhistory Landmarks SymbolsofEdinburgh EdinburghCastle PalaceofHolyrood MajorCities Cardiff Europe syoungestcapitalcityhasbeenthecapitalcityofWalesforaround50yearshometoanenormousamountofurbanregenerationandrestorationhasrecentlybecomeoneofthemostfashionablecitiesintheUnitedKingdom Landmarks SymbolsofCardiff CardiffCityHall Landmarks SymbolsofCardiff MillenniumStadium CardiffCastle Cardiff albertclock MajorCities Belfast CityHall thesecondlargestcitycapitalofNorthernIrelandanimportanthistoriccity Landmarks SymbolsofBelfast BelfastCastle thewheelofBelfast Belfastcityhall IIPeople Overallpopulation over63millionsDistribution England about53millionScotland around5 2millionWales around3 1millionNorthernIreland around1 8million Ethnicity ThemajorityofthispopulationaredescendentsoftheAnglo SaxonsMostpeopleinWalesandScotlandaredescendentsoftheCelticpeopleTheIrishpeoplewerealsoCelticinoriginimmigrants Italians Greek Australians NewZealanders Africa Asia EthnicComposition theEnglish英格兰人theScottish苏格兰人theWelsh威尔士人theIrish爱尔兰人TheancestorsoftheEnglishareAnglo Saxons PercentageoftotalUKPopulation EthincGroupsoftotalWhiteBritish85 7 WhiteIrish1 2 White other 5 3 Mixedrace1 2 Indian1 8 Pakistani1 3 Bengali0 5 OtherAsian non Chinese 0 4 BlackCaribbean1 0 BlackAfrican0 8 Black others 0 2 Chinese0 4 Other0 4 Thedifferenceincharacter TheWelshareemotionalandcheerfulpeople Theyaremusicloversandareproudoftheirpast 威尔士人感情丰富 情绪高涨 热爱音乐 为过去感到自豪 TheScotsaresaidtobeaserious cautiousandthriftypeople andtheyarealsohospitable generousandfriendly 苏格兰人通常被认为严肃 谨慎而且节俭 但是他们同样也热情 大方且友好 TheIrisharefullofcharmandvivacity 爱尔兰人充满魅力 生性活泼 IIITheEnglishLanguage 1 OldEnglish2 MiddleEnglish3 ModernEnglish4 StandardEnglish 1 OldEnglish 5th 11th LanguageofAngle SaxonsInfluencedbyOldNorseLatinandGreekwordsDanishwords Beowulf ThemostfamousworkfromtheOldEnglishperiodistheepicpoem Beowulf approximatelyAD900 Hw t WeGar Denaingeardagum eodcyninga rymgefrunon hu a elingasellenfremedon OftScyldScefingscea ena reatum 2 MiddleEnglish 11th 15th StatusFrenchreplacedEnglishastheofficiallanguage andEnglishbecametheLanguageoflowerclassbig porksheep muttoncattle beefDevelopmentEnglishincreasedinimportanceaftertheBlackDeath TheCanterburyTales writtenbyGeoferyChaucer 14thecenturyWhanthatAprill withhisshouressooteThedroghteofMarchhathpercedtotherooteAndbathedeveryveyneinswichlicour Ofwhichvertuengendredistheflour GeoffreyChaucer 3 ModernEnglish 15th Theprintingpress broughtstandardizationofEnglishSamuelJohnson sdictionary establishedastandardformofspellingRenaissance assimilatedforeignwordsthroughouttheRenaissanceTheIndustrialRevolution necessitatedtheintroductionofnewwordsfor