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1 / 21 论文格式英文版 安 徽 农 业 大 学 毕 业 论 文 论文题目 姓 名 _学 号 _专 业 指导教师 职 称 中国合肥 二 oo 年六月 安徽农业大学学士学位论文开题报告 Image of New Woman in Sister Carrie Thesis submitted to the faculty of School of Foreign Languages Anhui Agricultural University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts By:XXX Supervisor:XXX School of Foreign Languages, AHAU May 2016 Acknowledgements For this thesis, grateful acknowledgement goes first to my supervisor xxx, who took time from her busy schedule and gave me valuable advice on how to choose 2 / 21 an appropriate topic, what and how to study. Without her patient reading, careful thinking and expert instructions, the completion of this thesis would be impossible, at least, not so successful. Besides, I would like to avail myself with this opportunity to thank all teachers and professors in School of Foreign Language, Anhui Agriculture University, whose devoted teaching and enlightening lectures have benefited me a lot. Moreover, I grateful acknowledge all my classmates and friends who have been supporting me throughout the four years, making my college life colorful and meaningful. Last but not least, my sincere gratitude also extends to my family, especially my dear parents, who have been working hard all day, supporting, encouraging and caring for me all of my life. Abstract Theodore Dreiser is an outstanding realistic novelist in the American literary history. His famous novel, Sister Carrie, has vividly recurred the American life and their attitude toward women during the period 3 / 21 from later 19th century to the early of 20th century. In this novel, the author portrayed a successful image of new women, Sister Carrie, who transferred from an innocent country girl to a woman full of desire for material things and emotions. She was brave and smart in pursuit of love and ambitious to be successful in career. Meanwhile, different from the traditional women, she dared to search for independence and freedom in her spirit and life. Besides, Sister Carrie was fashionable enough to challenge traditional ideas, and accept new things and ideas which seemed to be weird and unacceptable in that society. Though she knew that what she had done run counter to the social norms at that time, and would be mocked by people, she did whatever she could to realize her desire and got what she wanted. Key words: new women； Sister Carrie； desire；independence On Extra-curricular Activities and Cultivation of English Communicative Ability of College Students Applicant: XX Supervisor: XX Faculty: 4 / 21 XXX May 10, XX XXX University Contents 摘 要 .ii Abstract . iii 1. Introduction . 1 The Significance of Topic . 1 Research Methods .5 / 21 . 1 2. Theory Research . 1 Linguistics Rationale . 1 Theory of Communicative Competence by D. H. Hymes . 1 Theory of Communicative Competence by Canale & Swain . 2 Theory of Communicative Competence by Bachman. 2 Theoretical Basis of the Topic . 2 Piagets Theory .6 / 21 . 2 American Scholar-Alan Andean &Weir about Role Play . 3 Related Studies . 3 Researches Abroad . 3 Researches in China . 3 3. Presentation of the English Teaching . 4 The Drawbacks of Traditional Teaching Methods . 4 Modern Interest Teaching 7 / 21 CLT . 4 Definition of CLT . 4 The Content and Substance of CLT . 5 CLT in the Use of English Out-of-class Activities . 6 4. Out-of-class Activities and Cultivation of Communication Ability . 6 The Role of Out-of-class Activities in Training of Communication Ability . 6 Current Situation of College Students Out-of-class Learning . 8 / 21 7 Analysis on the Causes for Problems . 8 Carrying Out the Out-of-class Activities in Scientific and Effective Way . 9 A Suggested Framework for Strategy Study . 11 Introduction . 11 An Out-of-class English Learning Center . 11 5. Conclusion . 12 9 / 21 Bibliography . 14 摘 要 美国社会语言学家 Dwell Hymes 认为 ,交际 能力不仅包括对一种语言的语言形式的理解和掌握 ,而且还包括对在何时何地、以什么方式对谁恰当使用语言形式进行交际的知识体系的理解和掌握。作为课堂的延伸和补充 ,课外活动在提高大学生英语交际能力方面起着至关重要的作用。课外活动能创造交际活动情境 ,使学生充分发挥主体性、能动性和创造性 ,促使学生语言交际能力的和谐发展和学生素质的全面提高。本文从应用语言学的角度探讨大学生英语课外活动课程的实施理念与实践，其目的是培养学生运用英语交际的兴趣，提高英语语言能力，发挥个性特长，发展思维能力和交际能力。最后根据研究，本文提出旨在 培养优化大学生课外学习的策略，并提出了建立课外英语学习中心的设想，用以配合策略培训，促进课外自主学习。 关键词：大学生 交际能力 英语课外活动 学习策略 Abstract American society linguist Dwell Hymes thinks: Communicative competence not only includes the 10 / 21 understanding and grasp to a form of language, but also includes the understanding and mastering in when and where, and how and to whom to use language appropriate form of the communication systems of knowledge. As an extension of the classroom, out-of-class activities play a vital role in improving the capacity of college English communication. It can create communication situation, so that students can bring full play with initiative and creativity. Improve the communicative ability and develop the quality of the students comprehensively. From the perspective of Applied Linguistics, this essay tries to study the idea and practice of English activity course in college school, for the purpose of fostering students interest in English communication ， improving their English language ability, giving full play to their individuality and specialty and developing their thinking ability and communicating ability. Finally, in order to improve the college students learning strategy, the essay will provide a suggested framework for strategy training based on the results of this investigation. 11 / 21 Key words: college students, communicative competence, learning strategies, out-of-class activities 1. Introduction The Significance of Topic English is the international language of the common. In order to learn advanced scientific knowledge in the developed countries, to strengthen economic trade with all countries, the importance of English is easily obvious. However, the teaching methods and teaching effectiveness of our schools in China are worrisome. In the recent years people usually think the English condition of Chinese students as mute English or deaf English . Their English learning starts from the primary school, with a long period of seven years, eight years, or even 10 years, they still can not use English to make dialogue, can not understand when the Britain and the Americans speak. The reason is that the exam-oriented education can cultivate students who are only good at examinations, overlooking to raise their overall quality. Out-of-class English learning may enable them related knowledge, further 12 / 21 their skills. Research Methods The main methods for the study are insisting on combining the theory with practice and widely referring to the domestic and foreign literature material. On the basis of this analysis and research, some regular understandings are to be summarized. Put forward proposals to improve. 2. Theory Research Linguistics Rationale Theory of Communicative Competence by D. H. Hymes In 1972, Hymes delivered a speech entitled On communicative competence , put communicative competence as a highly complex system of the knowledge and skills. It can be summarized as a persons ability to use the language. It mainly Idiom Translation under the Chinese and English Cultures Class XXX Student s Number XXX Name XXX 13 / 21 Abstract: Nida, a famous translator, says, For truly successful translation, it is much more important to familiarize two cultures than master two languages, because words are assigned meanings in its particular cultures. This is to say, translation is closely related with not only languages but also cultures. Studies of the cultural distinction in idiom translation are still relatively weak in the field of translation in China. Exclusive research on the translation of Chinese and English idioms is still incomplete. In the last twenty years, idiom translation has mostly emphasized the level of inter-lingual communication, but cultural differences were rarely involved in it. This thesis analyses the cultural differences in Chinese and English idioms, then studies English-ChineseChinese-English idiom translation methods from the angle of culture and points out some warnings concerning idiom translation: pay attention to context and choose the right version in line with the style and meaning of the original passage; culture is a whole way of life, when new culture emerges, new 14 / 21 idioms also appear, therefore idiom translation should develop with the time. Key Words: idioms; culture; translation 1. Introduction Idioms universally exist in every language. An Idiom is a word or an expression that cannot be literally translated from the source language into the target language because its idiomatic meaning cannot be understood by literally defining its component parts. In a broad sense, idioms contain set phrases, proverbs, colloquialisms, slangs, maxims, allusions, etc. In Chinese, they also include enigmatic folk similes. Newmark, a British translation theorist, in his work A Textbook of Translation, said, I define as culture the way of life and his manifestation that are peculiar to a community that uses a peculiar language as its means of expression. English Idioms derives from English cultures and daily life. In real context, idioms explain themselves: nine times out of ten they carry their own explanations. If we are unaware of these, we will find ourselves in a state of confusion since we will assign literal meaning to them. The Chinese 15 / 21 Idioms, especially the four-character idioms, have their own unique origins which are closely correlative to the Chinese history and cultures. In view of the difficulties in understanding idioms, we should pay due attention and efforts to understand their cultures and customs. This thesis is designed to dig into the cultural differences between Chinese and English and then elaborates on the translation theories applied to idioms. 2. A Comparison Between English and Chinese Idioms The Cultural Differences Between English and Chinese Idioms Geographical Conditions The formation of culture is closely related with natural geographical conditions. A specific geographical environment produces a specific culture, which also leads to a particular expression. Great Britain covers islands including the Northern one-sixth of the island of Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of France. It has a moist climate with much rainfall. 16 / 21 Rivers and lakes are numerous. No wonder that fishery is thriving and most important in Britain. Accordingly, idioms concerning fish and navigation constitute a great part in English idioms. For example, like a fish out of water. If you feel like fish out of water, you feel awkward and uncomfortable because you are in an unusual and unfamiliar situation. Fish in the air 缘木求鱼 An odd fish 怪人 Miss the boat 错过机会 Trim the sails to the wind 顺势前进 A small leak will sink a great ship 小洞不补要沉大船 On the other hand, China is located in the Asian Continent and reputed as an agricultural country with a large population of peasants. It is not surprising to find many idioms relevant to farming, such as 骨瘦如柴，对牛弹琴 , 众人拾柴火焰高 ,竹篮打水一场空 . Chinese people also have a mysterious and awe feeling for sea, so they have idioms like 海角天涯，海枯石烂，海阔天空 ，海底捞针，海市蜃楼 . History 17 / 21 . . . The Similarities Between English and Chinese Idioms . . . Colours . . . . Numbers . . 18 / 21 3. Methods of Idiom Translation Translation is far more than a science. It is also a skill, and at the ultimate analysis, fully satisfactory translation is always an art. Translation is considered as the cultural bridge and media between two languages. As there are wide differences in vocabulary and syntax between English and Chinese, translation is no easy job. Therefore, in order to keep the flavor of the original as well as cater for both the Chinese and English languages, translation skills should be reasonably employed in the process of translating, such as the following translating methods: Literal Translation . . . Free Translation . . . 19 / 21 Translation with Notes . . . Replacement with Similar Idioms . . . The Translation of Corresponding Idioms with the Same Meaning . . A Combination of Literal and Free Tr