研究生英语精读教程UnitFive.ppt

UnitFive TheEndIsNotatHand 1 Text 2 Exercises 5 SupplementaryReading TheEndIsNotatHand Theenvironmentalrhetoric overblown TheplanetwillsurviveRobertJ Samuelson rhetoricn speechorwritingthatsoundsfineandimportant butisreallyinsincereorwithoutmeaning浮夸之言语或文章overblownadj usingtoomanywords夸张的 Menu Translation impendingadj ofsomethingunpleasant abouttohappen行将发生的catastrophe n disaster灾难auran aneffectorfeelingthatseemstosurroundandcomefromapersonorplace气氛 Menu 1 Whoevercoinedthephrase savetheplanet isapublicrelationgenius Itconveysthesenseofimpending catastrophe andhighpurposethathaswrappedenvironmentalisminanaura ofmoralurgency Italsotypifiesenvironmentalism srhetoricalexcesses which inanyothercontext wouldbeseenaswildexaggeration orsimpledishonesty 2 Uptoapoint ourenvironmentalawarenesshascheckedamindlessenthusiasmforunrestrainedeconomicgrowth exaggeration n anexampleof sayingorbelievingmorethanthetruthaboutsomething夸张 夸大 Menu Wehavesensiblycurbed someofgrowth sharmfulsideeffects Butenvironmentalismincreasinglyresemblesaholycrusade addictedtohype andignorantofhistory curbv control控制crusaden astruggleormovementforthedefenceoradvancementofanidea principle etc 为促进或维护理想 原则而进行的运动或斗争hypen somethingthatartificiallystimulatessales interest etc suchasadvertisingorpromotion 刺激销售 兴趣等的 广告 宣传 Menu Everyenvironmentalillisdepicted asanonrushingcalamity that ifnotstoppedwillendlifeasweknowit 3 Takethelatestscare thegreenhouseeffect We representedwiththehorrifyingspecter ofaworldthatincinerates itself depictv describe描写calamity n aterribleorverybadevent seriousmisfortune灾难 极不幸的事spectern somethingthatisseeninthemindandcausesfear心中幻见而引起恐惧之事物incineratev destroybyburning焚化 Translation Menu Actnow orsizzle later Foodsupplieswillwither Glaciers willmelt Coastalareaswillflood Infact theprobablelossesfromanygreenhousewarmingaremodest 1to2percentofoureconomy soutputbytheyear2050 estimateseconomistWilliamCline sizzlev makeahissingsoundasifwaterfallingonhotmetalorfoodcookinginhotfat发出咝咝声 如水落在灼热的金属上或食物煎炸时 glaciern massofice formedbysonwonmountains movingslowlyalongavalley冰河 冰川modestadj moderate notlargeinsizeoramount适度的 适中的 Menu Thelossseemsevensmallercomparedwiththeexpectedgrowthoftheeconomy adoubling overthesameperiod 4 Noenvironmentalproblemthreatensthe planet orrateswiththedangerofanuclearwar Translation Menu Nooilspillevercausedsufferingonaparwith today scivilwarinYugoslavia whichisaminorepisode inhumanmisery WorldWar leftmorethan35milliondead Cambodia scivilwarresultedin1millionto3milliondeaths onaparwithequalto等于episode n oneseparateevent esp animportantorseriousone插曲 独立的一段事 Menu Thegreatscourges ofhumanityremainwhattheyhavealwaysbeen war naturaldisaster oppressivegovernment crushingpovertyandhate Onanyscaleoftragedy environmentaldistressisafeatherweight scourgen acauseofgreatpunishment harmorsuffering导致严惩 灾害或痛苦的祸端 祸患featherweightn sb orsth ofverylittleimportance不重要的人或物 Translation Menu 5 Thisisnotanargumentforindifferenceorinaction Itisanargumentforperspectiveandbalance Youcanbelieve asIdo thatthepossibilityofgreenhousewarmingenhancesanalreadystrongcaseforanenergytax Menu Ataxwouldcurbordinaryairpollution limitoilimports cutthebudgetdeficit andpromoteenergyefficientinvestmentsthatmakeeconomicsense 6 Butitdoesnotfollowthatanyonewhodisagreeswithmeisevilorevenwrong deficitn theamountbywhichmoneythatgoesoutismorethanmoneythatcomesin赤字 Translation Menu Onthegreenhouseeffect forinstance there sample scientificdoubtoverwhetherwarmingwilloccurand ifso howmuch Moreover thewarmingwouldoccuroverdecades Peopleandbusinessescouldadjust Totakeoneexample farmerscouldshifttomoreheat resistantseeds ample adj enoughormorethanisnecessary充足的 Menu Translation 7 Unfortunately theimpulseofmanyenvironmentalistsistovilify andsimplify Criticsofenvironmentalrestrictionsareportrayed asselfishandignorantcreeps vilifyv speakevilof sb orsth withoutgoodcause esp inordertoinfluenceothersunfavourably辱骂 诽谤 把 人或事 说得一无是处portrayv describeinwordsinalifelikeway以文字生动描写creepn anunpleasantpersonwhotriestowinthefavourofapersonofhigherrank esp bypraisinginsincerely拍马屁者 献媚者 Menu Doomsdayscenarios aredevelopedtoprovetheseriousnessofenvironmentaldangers Cline srecentgreenhousestudyprojectedwarming250yearsintothefuture Guesswhat itincreasessharply Thisisanabsurdexerciseakinto predictinglifein1992atthetimeoftheFrenchandIndianWar 1754 1763 scenarion awrittendescriptionoftheactiontotakeplaceinafilm play etc 剧本 剧情说明书akintoofsimilarcharacter like同性质的 类似的 Menu Translation 8 Therhetoricaloverkillisnotjustinnocentexcess Itcloudsourunderstanding Forstarters itminimizesthegreatprogressthathasbeenmade especiallyinindustrializedcountries IntheUnitedStates airandwaterpollutionhavedroppeddramatically dramaticallyadv withtheforceorvividnessofthedrama戏剧性的 显著地 Menu Since1960 particulate emissions soot cinders aredownby65percent Leademissionshavefallenby97percentsince1970 Smoghasdeclinedinmostcities 9 What salsolostistheawkwardnecessityforchoices Yourenvironmentalbenefitmaybemyjob Noteverybenefitisworthhavingatanycost particulateadj ofminuteseparateparticles微粒的cindersn therefuseofburnedcoals煤渣 Menu Translation Economistsestimatethatenvironmentalregulationsdepresstheeconomy soutputby2 6to5percent orabout 150billionto 290billion Note thisislargerthantheestimatedimpactofglobalwarming Forthatcost we veloweredhealthrisksandimprovedoursurroundings Butsomegainsaresmallcomparedwiththecosts Andsomecostsareneedlesslyhighbecauseregulationsarerigid Translation Menu 10 Balance Theworstsinofenvironmentalexcessisitsbias againsteconomicgrowth Thecurefortheimmenseproblemsofpoorcountriesusuallylieswitheconomicgrowth ArecentreportfromtheWorldBankestimatesthatmorethan1billionpeoplelackhealthywatersuppliesandsanitary facilities bias n prejudice偏见2 sanitary adj oforconcerninghealth esp thetreatmentofhumanwastesubstances dirtorinfectionharmfultohealth 有关 卫生的 尤指废物等的处理 Menu Theresultishundredsofmillionsofcasesofdiarrhea annuallyandthedeathsof3millionchildren 2millionofwhichtheWorldBankjudgesavoidable Onlybybecomingwealthiercancountriescorrecttheseconditions diarrhean thetypeofillnessinwhichthebowelsareemptiedtoooftenandintooliquidaform腹泻 Translation Menu 11 Similarly wealthiersocietieshaveboththedesireandtheincometocleantheirairandwater Advancednationshaveurban air pollutionlevelsonlyasixththatofthepoorestcountries Finally economicgrowthtendstoreducehighbirthrates aschildrensurvivelongerandwomenescapetraditionalroles Menu Translation 12 Yes wehaveenvironmentalproblems Reactors intheformerSovietUnionposesafetyrisks Economicgrowthandtheenvironmentcanbeatodds Growthgeneratescarbondioxideemissionsandcausesmorewaste Buttheseproblemsarenot asenvironmentalrhetoricimplies themainobstaclestosustaineddevelopment Thebiggesthurdleisinept government reactor n 反应堆beatodds with bequarrellingordisagreeing with 与 争吵 争论ineptadj totallyunabletodothings无能的 无用的 Menu Ineptgovernmentfostered unsafereactors Ineptgovernmenthampers foodproductioninpoorcountriesby say preventingfarmersfromearningadequatereturnsontheircrops foster v carefor helpthegrowthorthedevelopmentof照顾 抚育 培养hamperv causedifficultyinmovementoractivity阻碍 Menu Translation 13 Bynow everyoneisanenvironmentalist Butthelabelisincreasinglymeaningless becausenotallenvironmentalproblemsareequallyseriousandeventheseriousonesneedtobebalancedagainstotherconcerns Environmentalismshouldholdthehype Itshouldinformusmoreandfrightenusless Translation Menu Exercises Comprehension Vocabulary Cloze Translation EnglishtoChinese Translation ChinesetoEnglish Writing Menu Comprehension Decidewhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueandwhichisfalseaccordingtoyourunderstandingofthetext Ifitisaquestion answeritbriefly Thephrase savetheplanet wascoinedbyapublicrelationgenius Everyenvironmentalistillisanonrushingcalamitythatwillendlife Thelossesfromanygreenhousewarmingaremuchsmallerthanthegrowthoftheeconomyoverthesameperiod Menu Answers Comprehension Environmentalproblemsareinsignificantascomparedwiththegreatscourgesofhumanity DoyouthinkCline srecentwarningaboutgreenhouseeffectsisacceptable Whyorwhynot Environmentalism srhetoricalexcessesaremisleading Since1960greatachievementshavebeenmadeincurbingairandwaterpollutionintheUnitedStates Allenvironmentalbenefitsareworthhavingatanycost Menu Answers Inloweringthehealthrisksandimprovingoursurroundings thecostsandgainsarealwaysatodds Doyouthinkitworthwhilethatenvironmentalregulationsdepresstheeconomy soutputby2 6to5percent Whyorwhynot Areenvironmentalproblemsthemainobstaclestothedevelopmentofallthepoorcountries Whatdoyouthinkthepoorcountriesshoulddotoremovetheobstaclestotheirdevelopment Comprehension Answers Menu Urban air pollutionlevelsindevelopingcountriesaremuchhigherthanthoseindevelopedcountries Ineptgovernmentistoblameforenvironmentalproblems Thelabel anenvironmentalist ismeaningless Itissuggestedthatwelearnmoreaboutenvironmentalismandnotbefrightenedbyit Comprehension Menu Answers Vocabulary A IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA B C orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase 1 Hisbeautifulwritingisakintodrawing A asB fromC aboveD like2 Hisknowledgeonthesubjectseemstobeonaparwithmyown A differentfromB thesameasC relatedtoD inaccordancewith Answers Menu Vocabulary A IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA B C orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase 3 TomandMaryweremarriedaweekaftertheymetandsoonfoundthemselvesatoddsaboutreligion A indisagreementB onstrikeC inquestionD onpurpose4 Theinventorwasvilifiedinyesterday snewspaper A abusedB slanderedC praisedD criticized Menu Answers Vocabulary A IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA B C orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase 5 TheMississippifloodof1973wasamajorcatastropheinwhichagreatmanyliveswerelost A casualtyB disasterC changeD threat6 Shealmostyieldedtoanunexpectedimpulsetodanceinthestreet A urgentdesireB suddenwishC goodideaD fancythought Menu Answers Vocabulary A IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA B C orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase 7 Mr Greenposedasarichmanthoughheowedmorethanheowned A workedB lookedC clothedD Behaved8 Theyfearedtheplagueandregardeditasadeadlyscourge A punishmentB IllnessC troubleD ailment Answers Menu Vocabulary A IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA B C orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase 9 Somepeoplehaveabiasagainstforeigners A prejudiceB dislikeC hatredD favour10 Yourstayabroadwillgiveyouampleopportunitiestolearnanewlanguage A goodB suitableC properD enough Menu Answers Vocabulary B Choosethecorrectanswer Onlyoneansweriscorrect 11 Thedarkcloudssuggesta n storm A impendingB surprisingC fastD unexpected12 Sincetheclubowed 15andhadonly 10inthetreasury therewasa of 5 A sumB deficitC differenceD surplus Answers Menu Vocabulary B Choosethecorrectanswer Onlyoneansweriscorrect 13 Theoillamp softlyonthetable A glowedB lightedC sizzledD sounded14 It withyoutodecide A talksB refersC liesD indicates Menu Answers Vocabulary B Choosethecorrectanswer Onlyoneansweriscorrect 15 He amongthebestheavyweightboxersofthepastfiftyyears A projectsB showsC displaysD rates16 Theconstantturmoilintheofficeprovedthathewasan administrator A ableB ineptC experiencedD active Menu Answers Vocabulary B Choosethecorrectanswer Onlyoneansweriscorrect 17 Themothertriedto herson sinterestinmusicbytakinghimtoconcertswhenhewasyoung A giveB showC fosterD cause18 Nomatterhowyoureadit thissentencedoesn tmakeany A meaningB soundC progressD sense Answers Menu Vocabulary B Choosethecorrectanswer Onlyoneansweriscorrect 19 ItriedtofindmykeysbutIwas bymythickgloves A helpedB hamperedC annoyedD upset20 Toourgrief hebecame tothedrug A addictedB interestedC amusedD disturbed Menu Answers Cloze ReadthepassagethroughandchooseonesuitablewordorphrasemarkedA B CorDforeachblankinthepassage Robotshavebeenthestuffofpopularcultureforsolongthatwethinkofthemmostly1fun Inthenextdecadetheywillfinallybecomepractical2factoryassemblylines Granted theywon tperformthewondrousstuntsthey3insci fimovies thefirstgenerationof real robotsmayseemabitcrude A aboutB forC asD inA inB beyondC fromD forA haveB doC giveD appear Answers Menu Butbytheendofthedecade we4encountertinyrobotscookinghamburgersinfastfoodrestaurants moppingup shoppingmeals even5mealtraysinhospitals A mayalsoB mayagainC maywellD mayindeedA todeliverB DeliverC deliveredD delivering Menu Answers Twofactorsarepushingthedevelopmentofrobotics technologyandeconomics Artificialintelligenceisthekey6asuccessfulrobot butsomeofthesimplesttasks7ahumanmindaredifficultforarobot Oneexample theabilitytolookatthecornerofaroom 8wallsandceilingmeet andknowthatthecornergoesin notout Easyforhumans verytoughforrobots A toB ofC forD inA ofB forC inD withA thatB whichC whereD thepoint Answers Menu Economicsisthekeytotheacceptance9robots Asdecliningbirthratesleadtoashortageofentry levelworkersinmuchoftheindustrializedworld theresearchers10robotsthatcanmanageatleastportionsofsuchjobsasburgerflippersorhospitalorderlies A ofB byC withD forA designB aredesigningC arebeingdesigningD willdesign Menu Answers Inthenextdecade improvedrobotswillbeinexpensiveenoughtoserveasaids11thedisabled givingevenquadriplegicstheabilitytofeedthemselvesandperformofficework Andthelong promisedhomerobot Thislittleelectronicservant capableofdeliveringafrostybeerfromthefringe pickingupthekids toysandwashingtheoccasionalwindow probablywon tbeamass marketiteminthe1990s12wemodifyourhomestoaccommodatethem 11 A toB withC forD of12 A whenB ifC thoughD unless Menu Answers Everyroom13tinyradiobeacons14therobotwhereitis andstaircaseswouldneedspecialconstructionforeasyrobotaccess Soundunlikely Perhaps Butin1890aperson15itunlikelyifhehadbeentoldthattheentireurbanlandscapeoftheplanetwouldbemodifiedtoaccommodatetheautomobile A needtohaveB needhavingC wouldneedtohaveD wouldneedhavingA totellB tellC tellingD ToldA mightthinkB thoughtC mighthavethoughtD wouldthink Answers Menu Translation EnglishtoChinese Peeringintothe21stcentury newscientificbreakthroughswillallowgeneticengineeringtotransformeverythingfrommachineandagriculturetocomputertechnologyandindustry Menu Answers Translation EnglishtoChinese Afewnear termprospects Inagriculture possibilitiesincludelargertrees increasedgrainyieldsandevensquaretomatoes easilypackagedwithlesswatercontent Itispossibletobreedcowsthesizeofelephantsthatcouldproduce40percentmoremilk Scientiststalkofusingproteintoreplacethesiliconincomputerchipstoallowbillionsoftimesmoreinformationtobecontainedinthesamespace Answers Menu Translation ChinesetoEnglish 1 作者论文的副本已交给了编辑部 present 2 虽然他在班上名列最后 但不能推断他没头脑 他可能只是很懒而已 follow 3 这些异常现象值得注意 worth 4 股东们在聘用新经理问题上发生了分歧 atodds Menu Answers Translation ChinesetoEnglish 5 这使我们得出结论 无知助长迷信 foster 6 当你知道并不是年龄使你丧失记忆力之后 你可能会大吃一惊 记忆差的原因可能是因为你 懒 得去记 而不是记忆力老化了 如同身体一样 你的记忆力可能因锻炼而加强 科学家们相信 如果两侧大脑都得到了锻炼 我们的工作效力至少可以提高75 Answers Menu Writing Outline 导言 人们开始认识保护环境的重要性 问题状况 过度开采自然资源和破坏自然环境造成严重后果 例如砍伐森林 水源污染 空气污染等 结论 为了生存和健康 必须保护自然环境 Menu Answers SupplementaryReading Questions SupplementaryReading Menu SupplementaryReading 1 JAKARTA PlanetEarthwasbatteredbyfloods droughtandfirein1997 ayearwhichendedwiththeworld smajorpolluterssquabblingoverwaystopreventfurtherenvironmentaldisaster 2 The160nationsattendingaUNconferenceonglobalwarming billedasoneofthemostvitaleverheld finallyreachedaconsensusoncuttinggreenhousegasemissionsthroughthenextdecade Menu SupplementaryReading 3 TheclimatewasdominatedinthelatterpartoftheyearbyElNino anupswellingofwarmerwaterofftheSouthAmericancoastwhichaffectsglobalweatherpatterns 4 IthinkforsurethemostdramaticthinghasbeentheElNinophenomenonthathasbeenexperiencedthroughoutthetropics saidJeffreySayer directorgeneraloftheInternationalCentreforForestryResearch CIFOR atBogornearJakarta Menu SupplementaryReading 5 ElNino calledbyPeruvianfishermanaftertheChristChildbecauseofitsappearancearoundChristmas isbeingblamedforwidespreadfloodsanddroughtinthetropics andhasaffectedotherareasaswell 6 Amajormanifestationofthephenomenonwasdrought aggravatedbushfiresinIndonesiathatspreadachokingsmogacrosslargeareasofSoutheastAsiabeforebadlydelayedmonsoonrainsstartedtofallinlateNovember Menu SupplementaryReading 7 FloodssweptaridSomaliainEastAfrica whiletherainforestsofIndonesia slrianJayadriedoutandhundredsoftribespeoplediedfromstarvationanddisease 8 ApartfromElNino easternandcentralEuropesufferedtheworstfloodsinlivingmemoryinearlyJuly withover100peoplekilledinPolandandtheCzechRepublic andmanythousandsoffamiliesdisplacedthroughtheregionandeasternGermany Menu SupplementaryReading 9 IntheancientJapanesecapitalofKyoto aUNgatheringof159countriesfinallyagreedoncuttinggreenhousegasemissionsafter11daysoffreneticnegotiations 10 PerhapsthisdaywillbeinthefuturerememberedastheDayoftheAtmosphere conferencechairmanRaulEstradatoldtheconferenceafteratreatytextwaspassedbyconsensusonDecember11 Menu SupplementaryReading 11 Theconferenceagreedthatdevelopednationsshouldcutemissionofcarbondioxideandother greenhouse gasesblamedforglobalwarming 12 TheUnitedStatesaccepteda7percentcutfrom1990levelsby2008 2112 theEuropeanUnion8percentandJapan6percent Menu SupplementaryReading 13 TheconferenceacceptedscientificevidencethatheatingoftheEarth ssurfacebygasestrappedintheatmospherecausesmoreandfiercerstorms expandingdeserts meltingpolariceandraisingsealevelswhichthreatentosubmergelowlyingislands andsomeislandstates suchastheMaldivesintheIndianOcean Menu SupplementaryReading 14 TheUnitedStateswantsdevelopingcountriesbroughtundertheemissioncontrolumbrellaandthetreatystillfacesamajorhurdleinitspassageinWashingtonthroughapotentiallyhostileRepublicanCongress 15 USVicePresidentAlGorecalledtheKyotoagreement avitalturningpoint butechoedtheEU sEnvironmentMinisterRittBjerregaardthatmorestillneededtobedone Menu SupplementaryReading 16 Thisisnotgoodenoughforthefuture wewouldlikethepartiestobemoreambitious Bjerregaardsaid 17 Indonesia sEnvironmentMinisterSarwonoKusumaatmadjasaiditwasuptothedevelopedcountriestoprovidetheleadershiptoguaranteeEarth sfuture 18 TheKyotoconferencewouldatleastprovideagreaterawarenessofenvironmentalproblems particularlyasittookplaceinanElNinoyear M