中考英语主动语态变被动语态复习课件.ppt

被动语态 学习目标 1 掌握被动语态的用法2 掌握如何将主动语态变成被动语态 英语的两大语态 主动语态和被动语态 A 主动语态中主语是谓语动词的发出者 宾语是谓语动词的对象 B 被动语态中主语是谓语动词的承受者 动作的对象 被动语态的谓语构成 助动词be 动词过去分词 语态 表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系 什么时候要用被动语态呢 在下列三种情况之一要用被动语态 不知道动作的执行者是谁 用被动语态 没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者 用被动语态 需要强调动作的承受者时 用被动语态 主动语态和被动语态结构的转换 Wecleanourclassroomeveryday Ourclassroom iscleaned 主语 谓语 宾语 byus everyday 结构 主动语态 主语 谓语 宾语 被动语态 主语 be 过去分词 by 宾语 即 主变宾 宾变主 谓语动词变被动 注 主变宾即主语变为介词by宾语 注意 把主动语态改为被动语态时 句子的时态不能变 且be动词和新主语保持一致 如上例 所给的主动句子是一般现在时 改为被动语态时 也要用一般现在时 如果主动句中的主语是人称代词 改为被动句时作介词by的宾语 要用宾格 如上例中的主语we改为us 归纳总结方法 把主动语态改为被动语态可按 来进行 即 变 把主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语 把主动语态的主语改为被动语态的介词by的宾语 套 根据原句的时态套用相应时态 注意 注意人称的变化而引起的主谓一致问题 例 ManypeoplespeakEnglish Englishbymanypeople Hewashedhisshoesyesterday Hisshoesbyhimyesterday isspoken werewashed 一变 二套 三注意 1 Theymakeshoesinthatfactory 主语 及物动词 宾语 Shoesaremade bythem inthatfactory 一般现在时 变为被动语态 S 主语 am is are 过去分词 TheyplayfootballonSunday Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening Theyoftenusecomputersinclass WemakethesemachinesinBeijing FootballisplayedbythemonSunday ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening Computersareoftenusedbytheminclass ThesemachinesaremadeinBeijing Helookedafterthelittlebabyyesterday 主 谓 宾 受动者 Thelittlebaby waslookedafter by him yesterday 2 Theyboughttencomputerslastterm Tencomputerswerebought bythem lastterm 一般过去时 S was were 过去分词 Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear Hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday Wecleanedourclassroomjustnow Theyusedthisroomforresting Thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear Hislittlebrotherwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday Ourclassroomwascleanedbyusjustnow Thisroomwasusedforrestingbythem Tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow 主 谓 宾 受动者 Theroom willbecleaned by Tom tomorrow 3 Theywillfinishtheworkintendays Theworkwillbefinished bythem intendays 一般将来时 S will be 过去分词 Wewillhaveasportsmeetingnextweek Childrenwilltakesomephotosintheschoolyardtomorrow Theheadmasterwillgiveatalkthisafternoon Asportsmeetingwillbehadbyusnextweek Somephotoswillbetakenbychildrenintheschooltomorrow Atalkwillbegivenbytheheadmasterthisafternoon 4 AmycantakegoodcareofGina GinacanbetakengoodcareofbyAmy 情态动词 S can may must should be 过去分词 1 Hecantakecareofthebaby 2 Lucymaydrawthepictures 3 Youmustturnoffthelights 4 TheyshouldlearnEnglishwell Thebabycanbetakencareofbyhim ThepicturemaybedrawnbyLucy Thelightsmustbeturnedoffbyyou Englishshouldbelearnedwellbythem Exercises 1 ManypeoplespeakEnglish 2 Peopleusedknivesforcuttingthings 3 Wecanusetheboxasatable 4 Weshouldcleantheclassroomeveryday 5 Shewillrepairthebiketomorrow 下列时态的被动语态构成1 Lucyiswateringthetrees 2 Wehavefinishedourcompositions 看一看想一想 Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow Theroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow 现在进行时 S am is are being 过去分词 Wehavemadetwentymorekeys Twentymorekeyshavebeenmadebyus 现在完成时 S have has been 过去分词 各种时态的被动语态构成 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 情态动词 过去进行时现在完成时 S am is are done S can may must should be done S will be done S was were being done S have has been done S was were done 各种时态的被动语态构成 在被动语态中要注意的问题 一些使役动词 let have make等 或感官动词 see hearwatch notice等 在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式不带to 但改为被动语态时 要补上to 如 Thebossmakestheworkerswork18hoursaday Theworkersaremadetowork18hoursadaybytheboss Isawhimenterthehouse Hewasseentoenterthehousebyme Theteacherletthemleavetheclassroomafterclass Theywerelettoleavetheclassroombytheteacherafterclass Wehearhersingintheroomeveryday Sheisheardtosingintheroomeveryday 注意 当使用see hear watchsbdoingsth时 变为被动语态时 doing保持不变 如 Isawhimgoingintotheshop 主动 Hewasseengoingintotheshop 被动 使役动词和感观动词主被动语态对照表 go Atrafficaccident happen justnow happened 2 连系动词 Link v 如 be look seem feel sound smell taste get turn become PekingOpera sound beautiful sounds 3 当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候 Thepen write veryfast writes Thiskindofsweater sell well sells 1 不及物动词 vi 如 happen takeplace appear disappear 不用被动语态的动词 把下列主动句改为被动句 Lilywritesmanyletterseveryday 主动 Theyvisitedthisfarmlastyear 主动 Wehavelearned3000Englishwordssofar 主动 Manyletters arewritten byLily everyday Thisfarm wasvisited bythem lastyear 3000Englishwords havebeenlearned byus sofar 把下列主动句改为被动句 1 Theboycleanedthedeskamomentago Thedeskwascleanedbytheboyamomentago 2 Wewillplant2000treesnextyear 2000treeswillbeplantedbyusnextyear 3 Youmustkeeptheroomcleanandtidy Theroommustbekeptcleanandtidybyyou 4 Thepolicehavecaughtthethief Thethiefhasbeencaughtbythepolice 5 Thefarmersarecuttingdownthetreesonthehill Thetreesonthehillarebeingcutdownbythefarmers 1 Shewaterstheflowerseveryday Theflowers everyday arewatered byher 3 Theydotheirhomeworkafterschool Theirhomeworkisdonebythemafterschool 2 Iboughtacomputerlastterm Acomputerwasbought byme lastterm 4 Ourstudentsmustn tsmokecigarettes Cigarettesmustn tbesmokedbyourstudents 5 ChinesepeoplebuilttheGreatWallmanyyearsago TheG