高考英语虚拟语气要点全透析.ppt

Thelessanxiousandmorerelaxedthelearner thebettertheirlanguageacquisition 所谓的语气是指说话人对所指的动作或状态所持有的态度 和时态 语态一样 语气也是谓语动词的一种形式 表明说话人讲话的目的和意图 英语中有四种语气 陈述语气 疑问语气 祈使语气和虚拟语气 语气Mood 陈述语气 陈述一个动作或状态 表示所说的是事实 Therearetwosidestoeveryquestion 疑问语气 用来提出问题 表示疑问 Isthisyourbook 祈使语气 表示讲话人对对方的请求 命令 号召 劝告 警告 禁止等 Don tbelateforclass Beseated please 虚拟语气 用来表示假设 愿望 建议 请求 命令 猜测 可能 空想等非真实情况 句中的谓语动词需用一种特殊形式 称为虚拟语气 虚拟语气面面观Differentfacesofthesubjunctivemood Face1 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中 表示与现在现实相反 Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood Englishwouldbeeasier IfIhadtimetospare Iwouldcometoo 2 表示与过去事实相反 Ifhehadbeenwarned hewouldnothavetakenthatfood Youdidn tletmedrive Ifwehaddriveninturn youwouldn thavegotsotired 3 表示与将来事实可能相反 IfIknewhisaddress Iwouldsendthelettertohim Ifyouweretocometomorrow Ishouldaskyoutohelpmewithmywork Ifitshouldraintomorrow Iwouldstayathome Face2 虚拟语气在宾语从句中 wishIwishIwereabird HowIwishyouhadcometomybirthdayparty IwishIcouldtryagain 2 wouldratherI dratheryouwenthomenow Iwouldratheryouhadtoldmethetruth 3 用在suggest 建议 advise recommend decide require request demand urge propose insist 坚持做 command order ask instruct 指示 命令 prefer等表示提议 要求 命令 意愿 决定等意义的动词的宾语从句中 常用 should 动词原形 表示虚拟语气 should常可省略 Hesuggestedthatweshouldputthemeetingoff Sheurgedthathewriteandacceptthepost Ourcommanderorderedthatallthewoundedsoldiersshouldbesenttohospitalatonce Sheaskedthatsheshouldbesenttoworkinthecountryside Iproposethathegotothemeetinginsteadofme Heinsistedthatthismatterbetakenoveratthemeeting 注意 使用insist suggest等动词时 一定要注意 它们之后的宾语从句的谓语动词有时用陈述语气 有时用虚拟语气 当insist表示 坚持认为 坚持观点 suggest表示 表示 暗示 表明 时 后接的宾语从句用陈述语气 例如 IinsistedthatIwasright Herpalefacesuggeststhatsheisnothealthy Face3 虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中 在proposal suggestion order requirement desire decision advice plan necessity等名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中 可用 should 动词原形 表达虚拟语气 Hissuggestionisthatthemeeting should beputoff Hemadethesuggestionthatthemeeting should beputoff Face4 虚拟语气在主语从句中 It be suggested required requested demanded thatItisorderedthatwe should goatonce Ithasbeeninstructedthatthemeeting should beputoff 2 It be necessary essential important impossible strange natural apity that 带有一种情感 必要 适当 惊奇 遗憾等 竟然会 从句中的should可以省略 Itisnecessarythathe should listentotheradiofrequently ItisstrangethatheshouldnothavelearnedEnglish Itisstrangethatheshouldhavenofriends Itisagreatpitythatheshouldbesocareless Face5 虚拟语气在状语从句中 虚拟语气asif asthough在引导的方式状语从句中的用法Thetwostrangerstalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears Itseemsasifitwerespring Hespokeasthoughhehadknownit 2 虚拟语气在目的状语从句中的用法 在incase forfearthat inorderthat sothat引导的目的状语从句中 谓语动词一般用 should could might 动词原形 表达虚拟语气 Inorderthatshecouldcatchthetrain shehurriedthroughherwork IwillnotmakeanoiseforfearthatImightdisturbyou Taketheumbrellawithyouincaseitshouldrain Face6 Itis high about timethat的虚拟形式 在此结构中 从句中谓语动词用一般过去式或should 动词原形 但should不省略 be动词多用were 表达劝告或建议 意为 到做某事的时间了 Itis high timethatyoustudiedhard Itishightimethatyoushouldstudyhard Itisabouttimethatweendedtheclass 4 错综时间条件句 有时主句和从句的谓语动词表示的动作在时间上并不一致 这种条件句叫做混合条件句 又成为错综时间条件句 Ifthedoctorhadn tcome thepatientwouldbedeadnow Ifhehadstudiedharder hewouldbeabletoanswerthetestquestionsnow Face7 含蓄条件句 非真实条件句中的条件从句有时并不直接表示出来 只暗含在句子中 这种句子叫做含蓄条件句 具体分为以下几种 通过不定式短语表达条件 Youwouldbeafooltorefusehisoffer Ifyoushouldrefusehisoffer youwouldbeafool Itwouldbeamistakenottohelphim Itwouldbeamistakeifwedidnothelphim B 通过介词短语表达条件 without butfor 要是没有 的话 Withoutelectricity humanlifewouldbequitedifferenttoday Iftherewerenoelectricity Butforthestorm Iwouldhavearrivedmuchearlier Ifithadnotbeenforthestorm 通过连词otherwise or but butthat though once等表达条件 Shecametotownyesterday otherwise or ifshehadn tcome Iwouldnothavemether Einsteincaredlittleformoney though ifhehadcaredformoney hecouldhavebeenveryrich Oncelostitwouldbehardtofind Weshouldhavecomeearlier butthatwehadanaccident 暗含ifwehadn thadanaccident Icouldcontinuetalkingaboutthis butwemustgoontothenexttopic 暗含ifwedidn thavetogoontothenexttopic D 通过分词短语表达条件 Givenmoreattention Iftheyhadbeengivenmoreattention thetreescouldhavegrownbetter Supposingitshouldrain Ifitwereto shouldrain wewouldstillgo E 无词句来暗示条件 Suchmistakescouldhavebeenavoided 暗示条件从句ifwehadbeenmorecareful Itwassoquiet youcouldhaveheardapindrop 暗示条件从句ifithaddroppedtotheground Youshouldhavedoneitbetter 暗示条件从句ifyouhadtrieditharder Youmightstayhereforever 你可以永远呆在这儿 暗含ifyouwantedto Wewouldhavesucceeded 我们本来是会成功的 暗含ifwehadkepttrying Iwouldappreciatealittleofyourtime 谢谢你给我一点时间吧 暗含ifyouweresokindastogivemealittleofyourtime Face8 If的省略 如果if条件从句的谓语动词含有were had should 就可以省略连词if 把were had should放在主语前 构成倒装 如果if条件从句为否定式 倒装时not要放在主语之后 WereIyou IfIwereyou Iwoulddomorepractice Hadyouarrived Ifyouhadarrived atthestationtenminutesearlier youcouldhavecaughtthetrain Shouldhecome Ifheshouldcome tellhimtoringmeup Hadhenotdrunkalcohol Ifh