2014高考英语分类基础热身练单词8.doc

2014高考英语分类基础热身练：单词基础自主回顾.课标单词1_(vi. & n)收缩；(订)合约2_(vi.)漂浮3_(vi.)膨胀_(n.)4_(n.)混合物_(vt.)混合contractfloatexpandexpansionmixturemix5_(n.)电_(adj.)电的；用电的_(adj.)与电有关的；电气化的6_(n.)结论_(v.)下结论7_(n. & v)目标；以为目标_(adj.)漫无目的的8_(vi.)(化学)反应_(n.)反应9_(n.)设备；装备_(vt.)装备；配备electricityelectricelectricalconclusionconcludeaimaimlessreactreactionequipmentequip10_(adj.)部分的；局部的_(n.)部分；角色11_(adj.)普通的；平常的_(adj.)异乎寻常的12_(vi. & n)形成；形式_(adj.)正式的13_(n.)天平；平衡_(adj.)平衡的14_(n.)演讲_(n.)演讲者15_(adj.)吃惊的；惊愕的_(adj.)令人吃惊的_(vt.)使吃惊_(n.)惊奇partialpart. ordinaryextraordinaryformformalbalancebalancedlecturelecturerastonishedastonishingastonishastonishment.常用短语1_与反应2_使有条理；使整齐3_在的顶/底部4_防止进入；不让靠近5_为感到骄傲/自豪6_弄清楚；弄明白7_往加入8_先走；发生；开始做，进行吧9_过去(常常)10_应当；理应react withput.in orderat the top/bottomkeep.out ofbe proud offind outadd.to.go aheadused tobe supposed to.重点句型1The earth is _ the moon.地球是月球的两倍大。答案：twice as large as2_ think of a world without metals.很难想象一个没有金属的世界。答案：It is hard to3_ with the metals that react most at the top, and the metals that react least at the bottom.这儿有一个图表，那些反应最强烈的金属在上面，反应最不强烈的在下面。答案：Here is a table4_ you are, _ youll see.你靠得越近，你看到的就越多。答案：The closer; the more.模块语法1Can we do our work better with _ money and _ people?Alesser；fewBless；fewerClittle；less Dfew；less答案：B2What a wonder！They have finished _ 30% of the task within one week.Ano more than Bno less thanCnot more than Dmuch less than答案：B3Which do you think tastes _，the chicken or the fish?Awell BgoodCbetter Dbest答案：C4The horse is getting old and cant run _ it did.Aas fast than Bso fast thanCso faster as Das fast as答案：D5The pianos in the other shop will be _ but _.Acheaper；not as betterBmore cheap；not as betterCcheaper；not as goodDmore cheap；not as good答案：C6What do you think of French?In my opinion, French is _ English.A. a subject so difficult asB. as difficult a subject asC. as a subject difficult asD. difficult as subject as答案：B考点探究解密考 点 解 读1expand v(使)膨胀，扩大，扩张；阐述，详谈expand on细说，阐述expand in/into把扩展，发展，膨胀expansion n扩充，开展，膨胀，扩张物，辽阔，浩瀚expansive adj.易膨胀的，易扩张的，广阔的expansively adv.可扩张地，辽阔地误区警示：expand是“范围”扩张；extend是“延伸”。朗文在线：Metals expand when heated and contract when cooled.金属热胀冷缩。The boy expanded his chest by breathing deeply.那个男孩深呼吸而鼓起胸部。He expanded on his new theory.他详细地谈论了自己的新理论。命题方向：高考中会考查expand与其它相近含义的动词的辨析。活学巧练：Why not try to _ your story into a novel？It is very popular.AexpendBexpandCexpense Dexpect答案与解析：B此题是对词义的考查。expend“花费，耗费”；expand“发展”；expense是名词“花费”；expect“期望”。据题意应为B项。2conclusion n结论，决定，结束，结局，协定，协议reachdrawcome toarrive ata conclusion得出结论in conclusion最后bring.to a conclusion结束jump at conclusions匆匆作出结论conclude vt.结束，断定，推断出to conclude 最后(一句话)conclude sth.with sth.以使某事物结束conclude sth. with sb.与某人达成、缔结(条约等)conclusive adj.最后的；结论性的；确定性的误区警示：in conclusion这个短语中没有冠词。朗文在线：I found the conclusion of the film very moving.我觉得这部电影的结尾很让人感动。the successful conclusion of a trade treaty贸易条约的成功签署I will in conclusion(最后)say a few words about discipline.The outcome of the election is a foregone conclusion(结尾)To conclude(最后)，I wish you all good health and a long life.命题方向：(1)to conclude, in conclusion可以用在写作中。(2)作为独立成分来考查in conclusion和in a word等的区别。活学巧练：(1)We_(决定) not to go.(2)The judge_(确信)from the evidence that the young man was guilty.(3)Premier Wen_(结束)his speech with a famous Chinese saying.concludeconcludedconcluded(4)_，Id like to show my appreciation to whoever is present.AWith conclusionBIn conclusionCFor conclusion DTo conclusion答案与解析：B此题是对conclusion短语的考查。in conclusionto conclude“最后(一句话)；总之”。3aim nC目标；目的；U瞄准；对准 vt.&vi.瞄准；对准；旨在；立志Whats your aim in helping that man?aim sth.at 瞄准be aimed at 瞄准，针对aim at sth./doing sth.以为目标aim to do sth.打算做某事take aim at sb./sth.把目标对准某人/某事物without aim无目的地aimless adj.无目的的；无目标的aimlessly adv.无目的地，盲目地误区警示：注意aim作为动词和名词时的不同用法。朗文在线：Our aims are to become famous football players.我们的目标是成为著名的足球运动员。Take careful aim (at the target) before firing.开火之前仔细瞄准(目标)。He aimed (his gun) at a deer, fired and missed it.他(用枪)瞄准一只鹿开火，却未打中。She is aiming at a scholarship.她争取获得奖学金。命题方向：考题常在完形填空中考查aim的语义。活学巧练：(1)He_(瞄准)(his gun)at the target, fired and missed it.(2)Shes_(争取，努力)at a scholarship.(3)We must_(力求)at increasing/to increase exports.(4)He has only one_(目的)in lifeto become rich.aimedaimingtake aimaim(5)Would you like to go to the party tonight?Id like to，but I must go over my lessons，_ tomorrows exam.Aaiming to pass Bmeaning passingCintending at passing Dpointing at passing答案与解析：A从上下语境可知：复习功课的目的在于通过明天的考试。aim to do“旨在做”；mean doing“意味着”；intend to do“打算做”；point at“指向”。4react vi.回应，起作用，起反应reaction n反应，回应；反动；化学反应act n行为，举动；v.表演，表现，装作action n行为，作用，情节特别提示：“作出反应，回应”时与to连用。“反对，反抗，反动”时与against连用。“指物质起化学反应”时与with连用。“对某物有影响，对某物产生变化”时与on连用。respond除了“响应，作出反应”(与to连用)外，还有“回答，答复”的意思。 朗文在线：How did he react to your advice?他对你的建议反应如何？Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust.铁与水和空气起化学反应而生锈。活学巧练：(1)The football player reacted_the judges decision by withdrawing from the match.AonBtoCagainstDby答案与解析：C此题是对介词的考查。react on“对有影响”；react to“对有反应”；react against“反对”。react不与by搭配，根据句意应选against“反对裁判的决定”。(2)Did you ask him the question?Yes，but he didnt_to it.Areact BanswerCrespond Dtalk答案与解析：C根据上下语境，此处应为“没有答复这个问题”。在这四个选项中只有C项结构和含义对；若选answer应去掉介词to。talk常与介词of, about和with连用。5ordinary adj.普通的，平常的精讲拓展：ordinarylooking相貌平平的，相貌普通的out of the ordinary不寻常的，例外的in the ordinary way一般，通常ordinarily adv.通常地ordinariness n平常，普通误区警示：ordinary与common，usual等是同义词，但语意的侧重点并不同，请勿混淆。词语辨析：ordinary, common, usual与normalordinary普遍的，平常的，平凡的。强调等级和类属方面普通。指人时，该词指既不显赫也不低贱；指物时指品质或质地水平一般。有“平庸无奇”之意。His abilities were hardly above the ordinary.他的能力平常。(并不出色)common普通的；常见的。强调经常发生，司空见惯，不显赫或不特别，可修饰人或物。也可指共同的，共存的。He wasnt a hero, just a common man.他不是英雄，只是一个普通人。usual通常的；惯常的，惯例的。强调依照惯例来判断，有“遵循常规“之意。That morning he came earlier than usual, for it was not an ordinary day.那天早上他来得比平常早，因为那天不是一个平常的日子。normal正常的，合乎标准的，强调在正常情况下应有的。37 is the normal temperature of the human body.37是人体的正常体温。朗文在线：Housing prices in New York are out of reach for ordinary people.纽约的房价不是普通人能支付得起的。命题方向：此词ordinary常与同义词以词语辨析题的形式被考查。活学巧练：用ordinary，common，usual，normal填空(1)Whoever has _sense(有点常识的任何人)knows that smoking is harmful to peoples health.(2)Last Sunday，he went to work as_(像平常一样)(3)Free medical treatment in this country covers sickness of mind as well as_illness(普通疾病)(4)It is known that a persons _temperature(正常体温)is about 37.commonusualordinarynormal6be supposed to do被期望或被要求做某事；理应做，应该做Am I supposed to clean all the rooms or just this one?be not supposed to do不可，不许were/was supposed to do意为“本应该”suppose sb./sth.to be认为某人/某事怎样I suppose so/not我也这样认为/我不这样认为suppose/supposing引导条件状语从句supposed(定语)误信的，误传的supposedly据认为，据称，大概，可能朗文在线：You dont mind my smoking, I suppose.我想，我抽烟你不会介意吧。(插入语)What makes you suppose him to be connected with them?什么使你想到他和他们有联系？(不定式复合结构)He was supposed to be an expert in this field.人们认为他是这方面的专家。(被动语态)You are supposed to have finished the work by now.这项工作你现在应该已经完成了。(但没完成)She is not supposed to be doing such heavy work. She isnt quite recovered.她不应当干这样的重活，她的身体还没有完全恢复。Suppose it rains, what shall we do?如果下雨的话，我们该怎么办？活学巧练：(1)You_(不应该)smoke in this building.(2)He_(按理应该)be there on time.(3)_(假如)you had a million pounds, how would you spend it?(4)This picture is_(大概)worth more than a million dollars.are not supposed tois supposed toSuppose/Supposingsupposedly高考链接：(5)Why did you eat your words，Billy?Sorry，dear.But I really forget where I was_to meet you.Ademanded BaboutCsupposed D/答案与解析：C表示“本该做而没有做”。7go ahead口进行吧，干吧；开始精讲拓展：go ahead在口语中表示告诉别人可做，意为“进行吧，干吧”。go ahead with sth./doing着手做go ahead of sb.比某人先走go after追逐，逐求go against违背go away离开，走开；外出(度假)误区警示：go ahead无被动语态。朗文在线：“Can I have the sports section？”“Yeah，go ahead，Ive read it”“我可以看看体育版吗？”“当然，拿去吧，我已经看过了。”Frankll be late but well go ahead with the meeting anyway.弗兰克会晚些时候到，不过，我们还是先开会。Kemp went ahead of the convoy to take a look.肯普比护送车队先走一步去看看情况。命题方向：在交际用语中经常考查到。活学巧练：I wonder if I could possibly use your car for tonight._.Im not using it anyhow.ASure，go ahead BI dont knowCYes，indeed DI dont care答案与解析：A在交际英语中考查go ahead用于答应某人可以做某事。8The closer you are，the more you will see.你越近，看到的就越多。本句运用了“the比较级，the比较级”的句型，表示“越，就越”。比较级可以是形容词，也可以是副词。主句常用一般将来时，则前面的状语从句就用一般现在时代替将来时。活学巧练：(1)_，_.越快越好。(2)_I get to know him，the better I like him.我越是了解他，越是喜欢他。(3)The harder you work，_ youll make.你学习越是刻苦，取得的进步就越大。The soonerthe betterThe morethe more progress9Here is a table.Here is a table with the metals that react most at the top, and the metals that react least at the bottom.这儿有一个图表，那些反应最强烈的金属在上部，反应最不强烈的在下部。这是一个倒装句，正常语序是：A table with. is here.。在there，here引导的句子中，谓语是be，exist等表示状态的不及物动词时，句子要全部倒装。在there，here，now，then，thus等开头的句子里，谓语动词是come，go，follow等时，句子要全部倒装。here，there引导的句子，当主语是代词时，不倒装，且此类句子不用进行时。误区警示：此种倒装只限于主语是名词的情况下，若主语是代词，不倒装。朗文在线：Quick，here comes the bus.Have you got the right money?快，公共汽车来了。准备好零钱了吗？Oh，heres the knife，it was under these dishes.啊，刀子在这儿呢！就在这堆盘子底下。Here she is，hiding behind the curtains.她在这儿呢，藏在帘子后面。命题方向：在考查时，语序的倒装形式经常被体现在题目中。活学巧练：In the dark forests_，some large enough to hold several English towns.Astand many lakes Blie many lakesCmany lakes lie Dmany lakes stand答案与解析：B本题考查完全倒装，主语是many lakes谓语动词用复数，lie“位于”。10形容词和副词的比较等级的用法一、形容词的比较级用于两者或双方之间的比较，常用于下列结构：1表示倍数的三个句型：(1).times as形容词、副词原级as.This table is three times as big as that one.这张桌子是那张的三倍。(2).times the性质名词of.This table is three times the size of that one.这张桌子是那张的三倍。(3).times形容词、副词比较级than.This table is twice bigger than that one.这张桌子比那张大两倍。2同程度级的比较，用as.as，the same.as，such.as引导：Henry is a worker as good as Peter(is)Henry is as good a worker as Peter(is)Henry is such a good worker as Peter(is)亨利和皮特一样是个好工人。3the比较级.，the比较级.，表示“越，越”。The more tickets you sell，the more money you will get.你卖的票越多，挣的钱越多。4比较级and比较级，表示“越来越”。5the比较级of the two名词。6用介词by表示相差的程度。7否定比较级最高级He has never spent a more worrying day.二、修饰比较级的修饰语常见的有：rather，much，still，even，far，any(用于否定句或疑问句)，a lot，a little，a great deal，by far，a bit，three times等。The students study even harder than before.学生们比以前学习更努力了。A car runs a great deal faster than a bike.汽车跑起来比自行车快许多。修饰最高级的有：序数词，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not really，not quite，nothing like。The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上最长的桥。特别提示：(1)比较的对象不能相互包容。比较级thanany other单数名词all(the)other复数名词anyone elseany of the other复数名词the rest of复数名词或不可数名词注意：在同一范围内比较用any other单数名词；不在同一范围内比较用any单数名词。 (2)比较级的对象应该相同。The radios made in our factory are better than those(made)in your factory.(thosethe radios)我们工厂生产的录音机比你们工厂生产的好。 (3)比较状语从句中除助动词、情态动词和系动词be外，其他动词不能重复使用，须用动词do的适当形式代替。(4)在比较结构中，彼此都知道的比较对象往往省略。活学巧练：(1)I wish youd do _ talking and some more work. Thus things will become better.A. a bit lessB. any lessC. much more D. a little more答案与解析：A句意：我希望你少说多做。这样情况会更好些。根据题意先排除C、D两项；B项常用于否定句；选项A符合句意。(2)I dont think this film is by far the most boring. I have seen _.A. better B. worseC. the best D. the worst答案与解析：B句意：我认为这部电影远远不是最烦人的。我看过一部更糟糕的。根据第一句话“I dont think this film is the most boring”可知后句“I have seen”应接“不好的”这样可排除A、C两项。又因是把看过的电影与所说电影相比，故应用比较级。I have seen worseI have ever seen a worse film.(3)At a rough estimate, Nigeria is _ Great Britain.A. three times the size asB. the size three times ofC. three times as the size ofD. three times the size of答案与解析：D英语中有三种表示倍数关系的方法，即“倍数词asadj. & adv.原形as”，“倍数词adj. & adv.比较级than”和“倍数词then.(例如size, weight, length, width, height)of”本题考的是第三种方法。(4)This washing machine is environmentally friendly because it uses _ water and electricity than _ models.A. less; older B. less; elderC. fewer; older D. fewer; elder答案与解析：A句意：因为比旧机型节水、耗电量小，所以这台洗衣机是环保的。water和electricity为不可数名词，应由less修饰，故排除C项和D项。B项为干扰项，注意elder的用法：When comparing the ages of people, especially members of the same family, you can use both “older” and “elder” but never say “elder than”比如：my older/elder sister; the older/elder of their two children。(5)David has won the first prize in singing; he is still very excited now and feels _ desire to go to bed.A. the most B. moreC. worse D. the least答案与解析：D考查考生对于形容词比较级和最高级的掌握和使用情况。从题干设空考虑，此处应填一个形容词。再看四个选项，均为形容词的比较级和最高级形式。那么，考生需要做的就是对句意的理解和对四个选项词义的辨析。从题干所提供的语意看，David得了歌唱第一名，现在还很兴奋，当然不想睡觉，也就是说他对睡觉的渴望是最少的。考 题 演 练1.How much _ she looked without her glasses!A. wellB. goodC. best D. better答案与解析：D句意：她不戴眼镜看起来好看多了。much修饰比较级，故只有better正确。2Peters jacket looked just the same as Jacks, but it cost _ his.A. as much twice as B. twice as much asC. much as twice as D. as twice much as答案与解析：B句意：彼得的夹克衫看上去与杰克的相同，但价格却是他的两倍。表达倍数用“倍数词asadj.as”结构。3The children loved their day trip, and they enjoyed the horse ride _.A. most B. moreC. less D. little答案与解析：A句意：孩子们非常喜欢白天的旅行，他们最喜欢骑马。由and可知前后表顺承关系，骑马又是白天的活动项目之一，故用most。4Do you mind my opening the window? Its a bit hot in here._， as a matter of fact.A. Go ahead B. Yes, my pleasureC. Yes, I do D. Come on答案与解析：C上句：我打开窗户你介意吗？这里有点儿热。由下句后置语境“事实上”可知，此处表示“介意”，不愿对方打开，故C项符合语境。5Its high time you had your hair cut; its getting _.A. too much long B. much too longC. long too much D. too long much答案与解析：B句意：你该理发了；你的头发太长了。much too“太”，修饰形容词long。6According to statistics, a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer _ a woman.A. than B. suchC. so D. as答案与解析：D阅读题干可知此题考查倍数句式的同级比较句型，其构成应为：倍数词as形容词/副词原级as另一比较对象，所以此空应该填as。7May I open the window to let in some fresh air?_A. Come on! B. Take care!C. Go ahead! D. Hold on!答案与解析：C句意：我可以打开窗子放进来点新鲜空气吗？开吧！C项意为“开始，进行”，用于回答别人的请求，可译为“去吧，好吧，说吧，干吧”等。8My uncles house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours, but it is twice _ expensive.A. as B. soC. too D. very答案与解析：Abut分句实际上是一个省略句，补充完整为：but it is twice as expensive as ours。9Jack is late again. It is _ of him to keep others waiting.A. normal B. ordinaryC. common D. typical答案与解析：DIt is typical of sb. to do sth.是固定句型，意为“某人一向如此”。Module 5A Lesson in a Lab.根据句意，用所给单词或短语的适当形式填空facilitycontractmixformaim atscienceelectricityconcludeboilbe proud of1They discussed the problem for the whole evening，but didnt reach any_.答案：conclusion2In order to be healthy，we should drink_water.答案：boiled3They did the experiment successfully with the_method.答案：scientific4Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV；there are pictures_in your mind instead of before your eyes.答案：forming5Our company_its reputation for fine quality and fair dealing.答案：is proud of6Their meeting last week_reaching an agreement about next years prices.答案：aimed at7Air is a_，not a compound of gases.答案：mixture8His father is an_engineer.答案：electrical9When you heat a metal，it expands；while it_as it gets cooler.答案：contracts10Our school is a new school with the most advanced teaching_.答案：facilities.单项填空1(2007全国卷)_felt funny watching myself on TV.AOneBThisCIt DThat答案与解析：C本题考查代词的用法。it为形式主语，真正的主语为动名词短语watching myself on TV。2(2007天津卷)A new_bus service to Tianjin Airport started to operate two months ago.Anormal BusualCregular Dcommon答案与解析：C本题考查形容词的用法。句意：两个月前天津机场开始实施了一项新的正规的公共汽车服务。A项为“正常的”；B项为“通常的”；C项为“有规律的；固定的；正规的”；D项为“普遍的；常见的”。3(2010潍坊一中2月调研)It is generally believed that teaching is _ it is a science.Aan art much as Bmuch an art asCas an art much as Das much an art as答案与解析：D本题可从考查形容词的同级比较点入手。在同级比较as.as句式中，如果as后面的形容词作定语且其所修饰的名词前有不定冠词时，该冠词须置于形容词之后，即形成“as形容词a/an单数可数名词as”结构。这道题在名词专题中也有解析，不同的是观察视角不同，应注意培养发散思维。4(2010广州第一模拟)Professor White has written some short stories, but he is _ known for his plays.Athe best BmoreCbetter Dthe most答案与解析：C本题考查副词的比较级和最高级。要把握句式之间的联系，抓住句子的隐藏信息，结合语境进行分析。根据句意，句中but后应有一词组be well known for.。同时，应注意到前后两个分句把professor White的短篇小说和戏剧进行了对比，故应用well的比较级。5(2006广东高考，34)You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of _.Adate BshapeCorder Dbalance答案与解析：Bout of shape是“变形”的意思。根据前面“你坐在我的帽子上”可判断出帽子是“变形”了。out of