2012年高考英语《从句》教案.doc

从句（二）名词性从句教案一、教学目标1、名词性从句的常见考点； 2、名词性从句的易错考点；3、名词性从句的相关术语和分类。二、教学重难点1、教学重点：名词性从句的常见考点；2、教学难点：名词性从句的易错考点。三、教学过程（一）问题排行榜（Hit the charts）1、名词性从句都有哪些常见考点？2、名词性从句都有哪些易错考点？3、名词性从句的结构和功能是怎么样的？ 名词性从句 noun clause 宾语从句object clause 主语从句subject clause 表语从句predicative clause 同位语从句appositive clause（二）攻克难点（Overcome difficulties） 1、名词性从句的结构和功能是怎么样的？主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句动宾介宾that不能省可省禁用不能省不能省whetherif 句首whetherwhether or not只能whether只能whether只能whether代词what-物,who/whom-人副词when-时间,where-地点,why-原因,how-方式注意：所有句子均为陈述语序2、名词性从句都有哪些常见考点？考点一 主语从句常用it作形式主语，而把主语从句置于句末。常用句型如下： （1）It + be + 名词（an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, no wonder, etc.） + that从句 It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.（2）It + be + 形容词(natural, true, obvious, god, wonderful, likely, possible, certain, etc.) + that从句 It is certain that she will do well in her exam（3）It + be +动词的过去分词(believed, said, reported, thought, expected, arranged, etc.) + that从句 It is said that he has arrived in Beijing.（4）It + seem/happen/appear等不及物动词 + that 从句 It happened that she was out that day.（例题）_ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It 考点二 it 在宾语从句中的运用:1）动词 + it + 宾补（形容词、过去分词或名词） + that 结构I think it important that we should keep calm.Hes made it clear that he wont agree to the plan.We find it necessary that we practise English daily.I heard it said that she had gone abroad.2）介词 /动词+ it + that的特殊结构(it 作引导词)You may depend on it that theyll support you.I take it that you dont agree with me.You can count on it that he is very smart.I shall see to it that he is taken good care of .考点三 名词性从句中what与 that的区别that引导的名词性从句表事实，在从句中不充当句子成分;what引导的名词性从句表疑问，在句中充当主语、宾语或表语。I want to know what you are going to do tomorrow.I know that youre better now.（例题）I think it is going to be a big problem. Yes, it could be. I wonder _ we can do about it. A、 if B、how C、what D、that 考点四 名词性从句的语序应用陈述语序：主语+谓语（例题）He asked _ for a violin A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid考点五 宾语从句的时态呼应当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。当主句动词是过去（could/ would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用一般现在时态。I know (that) he will study English next year. I know he has studied English since 1998. The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America（例题）The teacher told us that the earth round the sun. A. goes B. went C. is going D. had gone考点六 that 不可省略的情况1）由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个或以后几个分句前的that不能省略。2）作介词but、except、in等的宾语时不可省。3）在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语) 的句型中不省略。4）引导同位语从句、表语从句和主语从句的that不能省。We must make it clear that we mean what we say.He has told me（that）he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. We must never think (that) we are good in everything and that others are good in nothing.I know nothing about him except that he is from the north.（例题） made them happy.A. Their son had passed the entrance exam B. That their son had passed the entrance examC. What their son had passed the entrance exam D. Why their son had passed the entrance exam考点七 同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。I had no idea that you were here（that引导同位语从句，不能省略） Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引导定语从句，作give的直接宾语，可以省略）考点八 只用whether的情况，不用if 的情况：1）在动词不定式之前 I cant decide whether to stay here . 2）在whether or not 的固定搭配中 I want to know whether its good news or not .3）在介词后，只能用whether。 His father is worried about whether he lose his work .4）同位语从句、表语从句；主语从句位于句首及宾语从句放在句首表示强调时They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy(同位语) Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. (主语从句位于句首)The point is whether we should lend him the money. (表语)Whether this is true or not, I really dont know. (宾语从句放在句首表示强调)（活学活用）用whether or if填空：1. The question is _ people will buy it.2. _ it is true remains a question.3. She doubts _ she will be successful .4. The question _ it is right or wrong depends on situation.5. We dont know _ or not she was ready.6. She hasnt decided _ to go.7. It all depends on _ they will support us.考点九 疑问词+ever和no matter+疑问词的区别：1）疑问词+ever(无论.)可以引导名词性从句和让步状语从句。 Whoever breaks the rule must be punished. (名词性从句,作主语) Whoever breaks the rule , he must be punished (让步状语从句,作状语)= No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished2）no matter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句 No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.（例题）Sarah hopes to become a friend of _shares her interests. A. Anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who 考点十 宾语从句中的虚拟语气、否定前移1）在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。 I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。 2）宾语从句的否定前移。think, believe, imagine, suppose等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式，即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。We dont think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。 I dont believe he will do so, will he? 我相信他不会这样做,是吗？（例题）I dont think a warm winter always has a negative influence on our life, ？ A. doesnt it B. dont I C. hasnt it D. has it（三）方法列举（List methods）3、名词性从句都有哪些易错考点？易错考点一 引导词的考查 这是对名词性从句的最为常见的考查。在判断名词性从句所缺少的引导词时，一看名词性从句缺不缺成分，缺什么成分；二是优先满足句子所缺的主语、宾语、表语等主干，在不缺少主干成分的前提下，根据语境选用其他引导词。关联词的选用遵循以下四点原则：a. 若名词性从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语，指物时选用关联代词what（什么），指人选用关联代词who / whom（谁）。注意：名词性从句中缺少表语时也会选用关联副词，因表语可以由介词短语来表达时间、地点等意义。例如：Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious _ the problem itself is. A. what B. that C. which D. why Id like to start my own business thats _ Id do if I had the money. A. why B. when C. which D. what b. 若名词性从句中缺少定语，可选用关联代词whose（谁的）、which（哪一个些）、what（什么），该类关联代词一般用于修饰从句的主语。例如：The shocking news made me realize _ terrible problems we would face. A. what B. how C. that D. why c. 若名词性从句中缺少状语，可选用具有具体意义的关联副词when（什么时候）where（什么地方）why（为什么）how（如何、怎么）。例如：Im afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is _ he never finishes anything.A. that B. when C. where D. why Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach _ to read fast.A. what B. who C. how D. why d.若名词性从句中不缺少句子成分，可选用无具体意义的关联词that，或选用有具体意义的关联词whether / if（是否）、because（因为）、as if / though（好像）。例如：It is still under discussion _ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not. A. whether B. when C. which D. where Modern science has given clear evidence _ smoking can lead to many diseases.A. what B. which C. that D. where 易错考点二 考查从句的陈述语序 强调结构中名词性从句，含有复合宾语、被动语态或虚拟语气等的宾语从句等。例如：Everybody could see _ and _.A. what happened; that Tom was frightened B. what has happened; Tom was frightenedC. what was happened; that was Tom frightenedD. what was happening; that was Tom frightenedWe decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a probationary period.A. whether would we admit B. if would we admit C. what we would admit D. that we would admit易错考点三 加入一些插入成分割裂主句和从句，或改变句子的正常结构，从而增加句子的迷惑性和干扰性。易错考点四 利用whever引导的从句与“no matter 疑问词” 引导的从句的相同点和不同点进行设空；利用what(ever)与which(ever)中前者无范围，后者有范围的特点设空；利用whoever与whomever的交叉点设空；利用whoever与those who谓语单复数不同设空。（四）能力拓展（Develop skills）1、【2011北京卷 22】_ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. A. WhichB. WhatC. ThatD. Whom【答案】B【考点】考察名词性从句中的主语从句。【解析】句意：这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。结合句意可知答案为A，此处what引导的宾语从句是一个感叹句。2、【2011北京卷 31】The shocking news mad me realize _ terrible problems we would face. A. whatB. howC. thatD. why【答案】A【考点】考查名词性从句中的宾语从句。【解析】由句中的IS可知其前面是由what引导的主语从句，且what在从句中作offer的宾语，故答案为A项。3、【2011上海卷 35】There is clear evidence _ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.A. whatB. ifC. howD. that【答案】D【考点】考查名词性从句中的同位语从句。【解析】句意为：证据表明，所有能够说明的感觉中最困难的是身体的疼痛。分析句子结构，从句中不错成分，故用关联词that。4、【2011上海卷 38】The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of _ others actually understand.A. whyB. thatC. whichD. what【答案】D【考点】考查名词性从句中的宾语从句。【解析】句意为：你试图通过言语表达的意思或许恰恰跟别人理解的相反。5、【2011山东卷