大三上学期英美概况BritishPoliticsclassandrace.ppt

GuidetoEnglish SpeakingCountries 英语国家概况 英语国家概况 TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland Chapter3GovernmentandtheCommonwealth TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland 英语国家概况 PoliticalParties Constitution Government Election TheCommonwealth CONTENT BooksRecommended moves ForrestGump阿甘正传SleeplessinSeattle西雅图不眠夜MyFairLady窈窕淑女SuaSha华沙Bornonthe4thofJuly生于7月4日AWalktoRemember初恋的回忆TheNotebook金色笔记SisterAct修女也疯狂PhantomoftheOpera歌剧魅影SavingFaceTheJoyLuckCub喜福会WhataGirlWants水情作女孩It saWonderfulLife生命真理Crash撞车AnimalAreBeautifulPeopleWhenHarryMetSallyBraveHeart勇敢的心 novels PrideandPrejudice 1983 byJaneAustin British JudetheObscurebyThomasHardy British JaneEyreGoodEarth 1913 byPearlS Buck America PulizerPrizefortheNovel NobelPrizeinliterature TheThomBirdsTheGreatGatsbyTheJoyLuckClubbyAmyTan Non fiction TheMostBeautifulProsesintheworld 双语 ChickenSoupfortheSoulSeriesBorntoWinThreeDaystoSee TheStoryofMyLifebyHelenKellerCandidVoices EssaysbyAmericanCollegeStudents 校园之音 当代美国大学生文选 Parties WhatisShadowCabinet Whatis frontbenches or governmentbenches intheHouseofCommons Docivilservantholdapoliticaloffice Frontbenches TheteamchosenbythePrimeMinisterwillsitonthe frontbenches or governmentbenches 执政党成员 intheHouseofCommons TheotherMPsareknownas backbenchers 普通成员 ThenextlargestpartyintheCommonsformsa shadow cabinetwhosemembersareresponsibleforcriticizinggovernmentministersandformulatingoppositionpolicies Docivilservantholdapoliticaloffice CivilservantsareservantsoftheCrown theydonotholdapoliticalorjudicialoffice andtheyarepaidwithpublicmoneywhichisvotedthroughParliament Civilservantsareofficialswhoservetheelectedpoliticalgovernmentoftheday Theythemselvesarenotelected Theyarecareerofficialswhoremaininofficedespitechangesingovernment HowmanybigpartiesintheUK What sthedifference OverallIntroduction TheParliamentoperatesonatwo partysystem Politicalpartiesoriginatedinthelate17thcentury theWhigParty LiberalPartytheToryParty ConservativePartyWheredothemembersoftheparliamentmeet WheredothemembersofMPsmeet ParliamentmeetsinoneofthemostfamousbuildingsinLondon thePalaceofWestminster Itsclocktower housingBigBen isknownthroughouttheworld ComparativeDescriptiononthetwomajorparties OverallIntroduction ComparativeDescriptiononthetwomajorparties cont 3 0OverallIntroduction ComparativeDescriptiononthetwomajorparties cont 3 0OverallIntroduction ComparativeDescriptiononthetwomajorparties cont 3 0OverallIntroduction 3 1TheConservativeParty the Right landownersandbusinessmen themiddleandupper middleclassfreeenterpriseandprivatizationofstate ownedfirms MargaretThatcher 1979 1990 TheIronLadyprivatizedstate ownedindustriesandpromotedamorecompetitivespiritinBritain seconomyreducedoldagepensions shortenedtheperiodofunemploymentbenefits andcutchildbenefitscurbedthepowerofthetradeunions 3 1TheConservativeParty MargaretThatchercameintopowerduetohighinflationandlowgrowth 1979strikesOpinion dislike nannystate andthinksthatitencourageslazinessanddiscouragesentrepreneurship 企业家精神 resorttoradicalpolicies repudiated 抛弃 Keynesianandcorporatistpolicies preferredfreeenterpriseeconomy 3 2TheLaborParty the Left createdbythegrowingtradeunionmovementattheendofthe19thcenturyAfter1945 toestablishawelfarestatenationalizedindustriesexercisedcontroloverprivateindustriestorevivetheprimaryindustries RecentPrimeMinistersfromtheleftTonyBlair 1997 2006 ThirdWay madetheBankofEnglandindependent separatepoliticsandeconomicpolicy putanemphasisontheminimumwageandsupplementinglowincomes GordonBrown June27 2007 3 2TheLaborParty 3 3TheLiberalDemocrats Anamalgamation 联合 oftheoldLiberalPartyandtheSocialDemocraticParty thelatterbeingabreakawaygroupfromtheLaborParty formedin1981 advocatespoliciesbasedonfreedomoftheindividualandsupportstheadoptionofPropositionalRepresentationatelectionsremainsaminoritypartyapartyofprotestratherthanarealalternativeforgovernment Discussion Whatwillacandidateusuallydoinanelectioninordertowintheelection ElectoralCampaigns adsinnewspapers door to doorcampaigns postaldeliveriesofleaflets limited partyelectoralbroadcasts Questionsforconsideration P50 52 WhyareelectionsimportantinBritain Whatistheeligibilityforvoting Underwhatcircumstancesdoanearlyorlateelectionhappen Giveanexample WhocanstandforelectionasanMP Whatdoacandidatedoinanelectoralcampaigns CanapeerorlordrunforanMP election a Importanceofelections BritishPoliticsundergoesevolutionratherthanrevolution stabilityduetoelectionb EligibilityforVoting 5 ofthepopulationinhistory now99 areallowedtovote withtheexceptionofLords certaincategoriesofconvictedcriminals thelegallyinsaneandresidentforeigncitizens c DelayedElections longerthan5years twiceinhistoryofthiscentury andEarlyelections 2reasons avoteofnoconfidence currentgovernmentisverypopular WhatisEligibilityfortheelectionasanMP Election heldeveryfiveyearsinthe646constituenciescandidatewhowinsineachconstituencybecomesaMemberofParliamentThepartywhichholdsthemajorityof seats inParliamentformsthegovernment withitspartyleaderbecomingthePrimeMinister Generalelection GeneralelectionfortheMPsareheldatleastonceevery5years Duringthistime politicalpartieswillputforwardtheirpolicies EachconstituencywillelectonepersonwhowillbecometheirMP TheleaderoftheParty Labor Conservative whichhasthemostMPsintheelectionisinvitedtoBuckinghamPalacebythemonarchandaskedtoformagovernment TheleaderbecomesthePrimeMinister Class JaneAusten PrideandPrejudice Emma 爱玛 ThomasHardy JadetheObscure bluecolor and whitecolor Kindsofclass divisions upper class middle class upper middleclass workingclass lowermiddle classHowdopeopleclassifiedthem WhatisdifferenceabouttheBritishclass systemandtheAmericanorChinesesocialstructure BritishClass Duck Marquise EarlorCount Viscount Duchess Countess Viscountess BaronorLord Marquis baroness Civilian Baronet Aristocracy CLASS Duck Duchess Marquis Duck Duchess Marquise Marquis Duck Duchess EarlorCount Marquise Marquis Duck Duchess Countess EarlorCount Marquise Marquis Duck Duchess Viscount Countess EarlorCount Marquise Marquis Duck Duchess Viscountess Viscount Countess EarlorCount Marquise Marquis Duck Duchess BaronorLord Viscountess Viscount Countess EarlorCount Marquise Marquis Duck Duchess baroness BaronorLord Viscountess Viscount Countess EarlorCount Marquise Marquis Duck Duchess EarlorCount Duck Duchess EarlorCount Duck Marquis Duchess EarlorCount Duck Marquise Marquis Duchess EarlorCount Duck Countess Marquise Marquis Duchess EarlorCount Duck Viscountess Countess Marquise Marquis Duchess EarlorCount Duck Viscount Viscountess Countess Marquise Marquis Duchess EarlorCount Duck BaronorLord Viscount Viscountess Countess Marquise Marquis Duchess EarlorCount Duck baroness BaronorLord Viscount Viscountess Countess Marquise Marquis Duchess EarlorCount Duck Knight 11th Baron Duck 14th century Count 13th 15th DevelopmentofPeerage 伯 男 公 子 侯 这是依次出现的顺序 Marquis Viscount developingrapidly Discussion JeremyJohnsonhasbeenabuildinglabourer Sinceheleftuniversityafterobtainingadegreeinelectronics Thiswastheonlyjobhecouldgetatthetimebutnowheenjoysthephysicalworkandhehasdecidedtocontinueinthebuildingindustry Hesaysheismiddleclass Whichclasswouldyousayhewasin themiddleclassortheworkingclass Why Thereisnodefiniteanswertothequestion Thereisasubjectiveperspective whatclassattachmenttheindividualfeels andanobjectiveperspective whichclasstheindividualisallocatedtobystatisticians ClassisanindefiniteconceptinBritain Race WhichisthelargestethnicgroupintheUK WhyaretheresomanydifferentethnicgroupsinBritain Whataresomeofthepositiveandnegativeeffectsofnon whiteimmigrantsinBritishsocietyaccordingtotheauthor TheEnglishPerhapsthelargestnumberhavecometoBritainfromtheCommonwealth OthershavecometoBritaintoescapereligiousandpoliticalpersecution TherearestillotherswhocometoBritaininsearchofbettereconomicopportunities Positive increasesthevarietyandinterestwithinEnglishcultureavariedcuisine newformsofpopularmusic differencereligiousbeliefs contributetosociety Negative dependsontheattitudeofsomeoftheirwhiteneighbourviewthenewcomersasathreattotheirwayofliving troubleintheprocessofassimilatingtheimmigrants economicallypoorerthanthewhitepopulation under representationinpoliticsandtreatedunfairly threatenedbysomeracistgroups TheCommonwealth 5 1TheOriginoftheCommonwealth 5 2CharacteristicsandFunctions 5 3MembersoftheCommonwealth 5 4OrganizationsoftheCommonwealth 5 5CommonwealthDay 5 1OriginoftheCommonwealth TheCommonwealthofNationsisthesuccessoroftheBritishEmpire In1949 British wasdroppedf