2014高考英语分类基础热身练单词7.doc

2014高考英语分类基础热身练：单词基础自主回顾.课标单词1_(adv.)立即，马上2_(v.)重要，要紧；有关系3_(v.)很重要；很有价值4_(adj.)独一无二的；独特的5_(adj.)极好的；优秀的6_(adj.)有关的；切题的instantlymattercountuniquesplendidrelevant7_(v.)传达，传递8_(v.)弄明白；澄清9_(adj.)不明确的；含糊的10_(v.)挑选，选择11_(v.)收回；撤销(说过的话)12_(adj.)潜在的；可能的13_(v.)征服；战胜conveyclarifyvagueselectwithdrawpotentialovercome14_(v.)反对15_(adj.)更好的；更强的16_(v.)将分类17_(n.)讨论；辩论辩论(v.)18_辩论(v.)抱怨；不满_(n.)19_(v.)得到，获得_(同义词) opposesuperiorclassifydebate; debatecomplaincomplaintacquireobtain/get/gain20_(adj.)确信的，信服的_(adj.)令人信服的_(vt.)使确信；说服21_(n.)意义；含义_(adj.)重大的，重要的22_(v.)拒绝接受_(n.)_(同义词)23_(v.)反抗；抵抗_(n.)24_(n.)赞许；赞成_(vi.)convincedconvincingconvincesignificancesignificantrejectrejectionrefuse/declineresistresistanceapprovalapprove.常用短语1_区分开2_总之3_开始做某事4_以防万一5_把看作6_以结束tell.apartin conclusionget down to sth.in caseregard.as.end with7_对达成共识8_只要，假使9_使某人失望10_在于11_更精确地说12_对抱怨agree onas/so long aslet sb. downlie inor rathercomplain about13_特别地；尤其14_与相关15_回溯到in particularbe relevant todate from.重点句型1. Perhaps correctness _as long as speakers can understand each otherits communication _.也许正确与否不要紧只要说话的人互相明白就行重要的是交流本身。答案：doesnt matterthat coun 2. _1.3 billion people will use English as either a first or a second language by 2050.据估计，到2050年为止将有13亿人会把英语用作第一或第二语言。答案：It is estimated that2. _1.3 billion people will use English as either a first or a second language by 2050.据估计，到2050年为止将有13亿人会把英语用作第一或第二语言。答案：It is estimated that4. _idioms have been common for many years.并非所有的习语很多年都常见。答案：Not all.模块语法1_a fire, hotel guests are asked to remain calm.A. As a result ofB. In the event ofC. By reason of D. In the time of答案：B2This crop doesnt do well in soils _ the one for which it has been specially developed.A. outside B. other thanC. beyond D. rather than答案：B3Im sure ghosts dont exist. _I have never seen one.A. First of all B. Now and thenC. Day and night D. At least答案：D4The police came and they soon got the situation well _.A. by hand B. in handC. on hand D. with hand答案：B5We must keep our room clean. Dirt and disease go _ you know.A. from time to time B. hand in handC. step by step D. one after another答案：B6. The man was lying on the ground _ dead.A. as possible as B. as well asC. as soon as D. as good as答案：D7. What do you think of the speech?The speaker said _ nothing worth _.A. nearly; hearing B. hardly; listeningC. scarcely; listening to D. almost; listening to答案：D8. Is Mr. White out of danger?No, _than before, Im afraid.A. no better B. a little betterC. not worse D. no worse答案：A 考点探究解密考 点 解 读 1oppose v反对精讲拓展：be opposed to反对；对抗(to是介词)oppose doing sth.反对做某事opposed adj.对立的，相反的opposite adj.相反的，对立的 n相反的事物opposition n反对，反抗oppose A to/against B使A与B对抗(对照)opponent n对手，敌手as opposed to相比之下误区警示：be opposed to中to是介词，后面必须接名词、代词或动名词。She is strongly opposed to their plan.她强烈反对他们的计划。朗文在线：I am strongly opposed to your suggestion.我坚决反对你的建议。The President opposes giving military aid to this country.总统反对向该国提供军事援助。命题方向：oppose作动词的用法，以及opposite和opposition的用法都有可能出现在高考单项填空或完形填空中。活学巧练：用oppose的适当形式填空(1)The villagers _ the building of the motorway.答案：(1)opposed(2)She seems very _ _ your going abroad.答案：(2)opposed to(3)In England, you must drive on the _ side of the road.答案：(3)opposite(4)The woman sitting _ is a detective.答案：(4)opposite(5)I thought she would be small and pretty, but shes completely_.答案：(5)opposite2debate n讨论，争论，辩论 vi., vt.辨认，讨论，争论We have been debating about current affairs recently.精讲拓展：beyond debate无可争辩debate about sth. with sb.与某人争论debate with oneself独自考虑，心中盘算hold a debate举行辩论会under debate正在辩论中a fierce/heated debate激烈的/热烈的讨论词语辨析：debate，argue与discussdebate辩论的目的在于说服对方。argue指条理清晰地陈述赞成或反对的理由。discuss从不同的观点出发与某人讨论某事。朗文在线：We must debate the question with the rest of the members.我们必须和其他会员讨论那个问题。They were debating whether to go to the montains or to the seaside.他们正在讨论是去山上还是去海边。The two sides debated fiercely whether to raise the price of school meals.双方就是否提高学校用餐价格进行了激烈的辩论。The proposal is under debate.那个提议还在讨论当中。命题方向：debate有可能以词语辨析的形式出现在高考单项填空或完形填空中。活学巧练：完成句子(1)They debated _ (关闭)the factory.答案：(1)closing(2)Im debating where _ _ _ _ (度假)答案：(2)to have my vacation3convince vt.使确信，说服精讲拓展：convince sb.that.使某人相信convince sb.of sth.使某人明白某事convince sb.to do sth.说服某人干某事be convinced of sth.深信某事be convinced that.深信convincible adj.可使信服的convincing adj.有说服力的朗文在线：We finally convinced them of our innocence.我们终于使他们相信我们是清白的。Im convinced that she is telling the truth.我确信她讲的是事实。命题方向：convince是新课标的重点词，2007年江西卷单项填空已作过考查，2011年高考单项填空和完形填空考查的可能性较大。活学巧练：完成句子(1)I_ _ _ his guilt.我确信他有罪。答案：(1)am convinced of(2)How can I convince _ _ _ _？我怎样才能使你相信她很诚实呢？答案：(2)you of her honesty(3)What convinced _ _ _ _ _？究竟是什么使得你愿意投他们的票？答案：(3)you to vote for them4withdraw (withdrew，withdrawn)vt.&vi.取回，收回；提取；撤销；(使)退出精讲拓展：withdraw.from.从移走(提取；收回；撤出)withdraw a remark撤回评论withdraw from从撤出withdraw from the election退出选举误区警示：withdraw本身已包含了“回”之意，故不再和back连用；类似的还有return，repay，remove等。朗文在线：Being angry at the judges unfairness，he withdrew from the race.对于裁判的不公他非常愤怒并退出了比赛。To help his friend in debt, he withdrew all his money from his bank account.为了帮助欠债的朋友，他从银行里把自己所有的钱都取了出来。I insist that you withdraw your offensive remarks immediately.我要求你必须立刻收回那些过头的话。命题方向：withdraw在高考中考题动词辨析。活学巧练：The US government threatened that it would _ all its investment from the country if the country didnt reduce the customs duties.A. take B. moveC. withdraw D. draw答案与解析：C考查动词词义辨析。句意：美国政府威胁说如果那个国家不降低关税，它就将撤回在那个国家的全部投资。withdraw“撤走；撤回；收回”，符合题意。其余三项均无方向性，缺back一词。5as long as与一样长；与一样久；只要(if)精讲拓展：so long as (as long as)只要on condition that只要as far as远至；就的限度as good as和 样好；几乎as well as和一样好；和，既又误区警示：as/so long as, on condition that与if用法基本相同，只是语气上比if重一些，都用来引导条件状语从句。You can certainly make progress if/as long as/on condition that you work hard.只要努力，你一定会进步。As/So long as you need me, Ill stay.只要你需要我，我就留下来。as.as结构往往既可以表示直接意义“与一样”，指两者间的比较；又可以表示“引申意义”(各表示不同的含义)，如as far as的直接意义是“与一样远”，而引申意义为“就的限度”。As far as I am concerned, I cannot object to your marriage.就我个人而言，我不反对你们的婚事。朗文在线：You can go out to play as long as you stay in the backyard.只要不出后院，你可以出去玩。Ron lent me the money on condition that I pay it back next month.罗恩把钱借给我，条件是下月归还。命题方向：as/so long as常常在高考单项填空和完形填空中考查，书面表达也常用到。活学巧练：完成句子(1)We can surely overcome these difficulties, _ _ _ we are closely united.只要我们紧密团结，就一定能克服这些困难。答案：as long as(2)Ill lend my car to you _you return it on time.只要你按时归还我就会把我的车借给你。答案：as/so long as(3)(2009江西玉山模拟)He will surely finish the job on time _ hes left to do it in his own way.A. in that B. in caseC. as long as D. as far as答案与解析：Cin that因为；in case假设，以防万一；as long as只要；as far as远至，一直到。根据句意，C项正确。6let sb. down使某人失望精讲拓展：let sth. down放低某物，放下某物let sb. down使某人失望let sb./sth. in/into允许某人/某物进入let alone更不用说let sb./sth. alone不管，不要干涉某人/某物let out使出去；放出；泄露let off让下车；饶恕；引爆朗文在线：Im counting on you to support medont let me down.我指望你支持我呢别让我失望。Let down a rope so that I can climb up.把绳子放下来我好爬上去。There were seven people in the car, let alone a pile of luggage and three dogs.那部汽车载了七个人，更不必说还有一堆行李和三只狗了。误区警示：let.alonelet.be/leave.alone不干涉；对置之不理；而let alone是“更不必说”，常作插入语。活学巧练：He accidentally _ he had quarrelled with his wife and then he hadnt been home for a long time.A. let down B. let inC. let off D. let out答案与解析：D考查短语辨析。句意：他无意间泄露了他同他妻子吵架并且好长时间没回家了的事。A项“使失望”；B项“让进入”；C项“原谅某人”；D项“泄露”。7get down to sth./doing sth.开始做某事，着手做某事精讲拓展：get down(从高处)下来；取下，放下；使(人)气馁get in ones way挡住某人的路；妨碍某人get into trouble陷入困境get together相聚；聚集gettogether n聚会；联欢会get on/along with sb.与某人相处误区警示：get down to短语中to为介词，只能接名词、代词或动名词作宾语，不能接动词原形。Lets get down to our business.咱们开始干正事吧。Its time I should get down to thinking about that essay.我该认真思考一下那篇论文了。由to构成的短语中，有些后面必须接名词，代词或动名词，因为to是介词。常见的还有be used to(习惯于)，pay attention to, look forward to, devote oneself to, object to, stick to等。朗文在线：I really must get down to filling in my tax form.我真的要认真填写报税表了。命题方向：to作介词用，后面必须接名词、代词或动名词而不能接动词原形的用法，常在高考单项填空和完形填空中考查。活学巧练：汉译英(1)度假之后他开始专心工作。_答案：(1)He got down to his work after the holidays.2)我必须今晚开始认真学习，因为下周要考试。_答案：(2)I must get down to study tonight，as I have got an exam next week.8复习状语从句(1)状语从句的定义状语从句是指起状语作用的从句，它从属于主句，在主从复合句中修饰主句中的谓语动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句可分为时间、原因、条件、方式、比较、目的、结果、让步和地点状语从句。(2)状语从句的分类时间状语从句时间状语从句常用从属连词when, while(当的时候)，as, after, before, since, until, as soon as等引导。It was snowing when he arrived in Tianjin.当他到达天津时，正在下雪。Strike while the iron is hot.谚趁热打铁。地点状语从句地点状语从句用连接副词where或wherever(在任何地方)引导。Just stay where you are.请呆在原地别走开。原因状语从句由because, as, since和now that引导。He didnt go to school today because he was ill.他今天没来学校是因为他病了。As there was no answer, I wrote to him again.因为没有答复，我又给他写了信。条件状语从句条件状语从句由if, unless, in case(that), so far as, as/so long as, on condition(that), provided/providing, suppose/supposing(that)等引导。Do you mind if I smoke？你介意我抽烟吗？I wont leave unless he leaves first.如果他不先离开我就不离开。方式状语从句方式状语从句由as, as if/though引导。Most plants need air just as they need water.大多数植物需要空气，正如它们需要水一样。She treated me as if/though I were an alien.她这样对待我，好像我是外星人似的。让步状语从句常由though(although)(虽然但)，even if(即使)，however(不管怎样)，whatever(无论什么)，no matter how (who.)(不管多么)(无论谁)等连接词或词组引导。The officer often goes in among the masses, though he is very old.虽然这个官员很老，但他经常到群众中去。注意：英语中用了though或although就有“虽然但是”的含义，所以在主句中不能再用but，但可接yet。Although they were lost that day, yet they were all in high spirits.虽然他们那天迷了路，但他们的情绪都很高。目的状语从句目的状语从句常用that, so that, in order that等从属连词引导，从句中的谓语动词常用may(might), can(could), should等情态动词。He got up early in order that he could breathe fresh air.他起得很早，为的是能呼吸新鲜空气。结果状语从句结果状语从句由so that, so.that, such.that等引导。He was so tired that he almost fell asleep at dinner.他如此疲劳以至于在吃饭时几乎睡着了。比较状语从句比较状语从句常用as.as, not so.as(或not as.as), more.than, less.than, the比较级.the比较级等引导。这种从句中常省略某些成分。He is copying the poem as carefully as he can.他正在用心地抄写那首诗。John is less clever than his brother.约翰不如他弟弟聪明。(3)使用状语从句时应注意的问题时间、条件状语从句不用将来时时间、条件状语从句不用将来时，而是用一般时态代替将来时态。If it is fine tomorrow, we will go fishing.如果明天天气好，我们就去钓鱼。状语从句中的省略状语从句中，如果其主语与主句的主语一致，谓语含有be动词，这时从句的主语和be动词均可省略。He is an honest man although (he is) very poor.他虽然很穷，但是诚实。Whether (she is) sick or well Lily is always cheerful.无论是有病还是健康，莉莉总是高高兴兴的。活学巧练：(1)(2007上海)Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water _ they are not managed carefully.Athough BbeforeCuntil Dif答案：D(2)We thought there were 35 students in the dining hall, _， in fact, there were 40.Awhile BwhetherCwhat Dwhich答案：A(3)_ we were exhausted by the climb, we continued our journey.ASince BUnlessCAs DAlthough答案：D(4)_ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.ASurprising BSurprisedCBeing surprised DTo be surprising答案：B考 题 演 练 1.(2009浙江卷)The incomes of skilled workers went up. _， unskilled workers saw their earnings fall.A. Moreover B. ThereforeC. Meanwhile D. Otherwise答案与解析：C句意：熟练工的收入在增加，与此同时，非熟练工的收入却在下降。meanwhile adv.与此同时，在此期间，符合句意。moreover adv.此外，而且；therefore adv.因此，所以；otherwise adv.否则，要不然。2(2009重庆卷)Peter was so excited _ he received an invitation from his friend to visit Chongqing.A. where B. thatC. why D. when答案与解析：D句意：当彼得收到他朋友的邀请去参观重庆的时候，他非常兴奋。本题易错选that。但由句意知并不是“如此以致”之意。where表地点，why表原因，均不合句意，故选D。3(2009湖北卷)The questionnaire takes _ ten to fifteen minutes to complete and can be used along with the assessment interview.A. mainly B. punctuallyC. approximately D. precisely答案与解析：Cmainly主要地；punctually准时地；approximately大约；precisely精确地；确切地。由句中的ten to fifteen minutes可知，此处是“大约”估计的时间而不是确切的时间。4(2009陕西卷)My parents dont mind what job I do _ I am happy.A. every though B. as soon asC. as long as D. as though。答案与解析：CA项意为“即使”；B项意为“一就”；C项意为“只要”；D项意为“似乎，好像”。句意：只要我快乐我的父母不介意我做什么工作5(2008全国)I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _.A. to be breathed B. to breatheC. breathing D. being breathed答案与解析：B在“主语beadj.to do”结构中，动词不定式用主动形式表被动意义。6(2008重庆卷)All people, _they are old or young, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.A. even if B. whetherC. no matter D. however答案与解析：B句意：所有的人，不论他们是年老还是年轻，都在尽力帮助那些灾难后需要帮助的人。7(2008天津卷)The last time we had great fun was _ we were visiting the Water Park.A. where B. howC. when D. why答案与解析：C由the last time可知是表示时间，故用when引导表语从句。Module 4Which English?.单词拼写1. Please c_ my apologies to your wife.2. In a library, books and magazines are usually c_ by subjects.3. She often c_ to her boss about her being paid badly.4. The boy opened the box out of c_.conveyclassifiedcomplainscuriosity5. There have been many c_ though the world is in peace generally.6. I think your child is a_(潜在的)singer.7. He is expected to _(阐明)his position at the conference.8. Finally the Red Army finished the worldfamous Long March by _(克服)countless difficulties.conflictspotentialclarifyovercoming9. His style of writing is rather _(独特的)10The _(意义)for college students of doing a part time job means more than money and experience.uniquesignificance.单项填空1Will you go to his birthday party?I wont_I am invited. Im not satisfied with him.A. as ifB. even thoughC. if D. after答案与解析：B即使我被邀请，我也不去他的生日宴会。我对他不满意。as if仿佛；even though即使，引导一个让步状语从句。2A skilled worker can_13 dark colours_.A. tell；from B. tell；onC. tell; straight D. tell; apart答案与解析：D一个技术娴熟的工人能够辨别13种深颜色。tell.from.“把和区别开来”；tell on“告发；说坏话”；tell sb.straight“直率地告诉某人”；tell sth.apart“分清，区分”。3Could you lend me your bike?Yes. But_you return it on Sunday. Ill go out for a trip on it next week.A. as long as B. as well asC. as fast as D. as soon as possible答案与解析：A你能够借给我你的自行车吗？可以。但是，有个条件，在星期天还给我。在下周我要出门用。as long as“只要”，引导一个条件状语从句：as well as“也”；as soon as possible“尽可能快”。4They_that the price of books had increased.A. said B. thought ofC. complained D. selected答案与解析：C他们抱怨说书的价格提高了。think of想到；complain抱怨；select选择。5Her hard work led to her success while my failure_ my laziness.A. was up to B. resulted inC. caused D. lay in答案与解析：D她的努力促成了她的成功，然而，我的失败是由懒惰造成的。be up to“一直到，等于”；result in“导致”；cause“导致”；lie in“在于”。6The mayor has _ of the new building plan and the construction of the new Broadcasting Center will begin in a few days.AappreciatedBapproachedCappointed Dapproved答案与解析：D考查动词词义辨析。句意：市长批准了新建筑计划，新广播中心的建设将在几天后开始。appreciate欣赏，赏识；approach接近，靠近；appoint任命，约定；approve赞成，同意。7. He made an attempt to _ the misunderstanding about the origin of the language.A. clarify B. checkC. claim D. clap答案与解析：A句意：他试图澄清关于语言起源的误解。clarify澄清，阐明；check核对；claim声称，断言；clap拍手，鼓掌。8. Im badly _， for there is no one that can be relied on.A. let down B. let onC. let out D. let off答案与解析：A考查短语辨析。句意：我非常失望，因为这里没有可以依靠的人。let down使失望；let on泄露秘密；let out泄露；let off原谅，不惩罚。9. The local people _ building the new hotel because of the great cost.A. opposed B. accusedC. objected D. against答案与解析：Aoppose sth.反对；accuse指控；object to sth.反对；against为介词，应用be againstn.表示“反对”。句意：当地的人们因为成本太高而反对建造新旅馆。10. A student should not _ small errors, which might lead to serious mistakes in the future.A. overcome B. overheadC. overtake D. overlook答案与解析：D句意：学生不应该忽视小问题，小问题可能会在将来酿成大错。overcome战胜，克服；overhead在头顶上；overtake追上，赶上；overlook忽视，忽略。11. The final examination is coming up soon. Its time for us to _ our studies.A. get down to B. get outC. get back for D. get over答案与解析：A句意：期末考试就要到了，该是我们开始认真学习的时候了。get down to s