系统功能语言学简介.ppt

ABriefIntroductionofSystemicFunctionalLinguistic系统功能语言学简介 MichaelAlexanderKirkwoodHallidayhasdevelopedideasstemmingfromFirth stheoriesintheLondonSchool HeisprobablythemostimportantrepresentativeoftheSystemic FunctionalSchool Systemic FunctionalGrammarhastwocomponents SystemicGrammarFunctionalGrammar relation SystemicGrammar SystemicgrammaraimstoexplaintheinternalrelationsinlanguageasaSYSTEMNETWORK orMEANINGPOTENTIAL Andthisnetworkconsistsofsubsystemsfromwhichlanguageusersmakechoices Thenotionofsystemismadeacentralexplanatoryprinciple thewholeoflanguagebeingconceivedasa systemofsystems Hallidaydefinessystemasasystemofpotentials arangeofalternatives SystemicGrammar person Firstperson Secondperson Thirdperson number singular plural tense past present future 当从有关系统中一一进行选择之后 如人称 数 及物性 语气 时态等 则可生成句子结构 SystemicGrammar Theaxisofchain Surfaceaspectsofgrammar suchassentencestructures linguisticunits andtheirranks sentence clause group word andmorpheme Theaxisofchoice Meaningaspectsofgrammar choice paradigmatic Chain syntagmatic Onagenerallevel thereistheChainSystemandtheChoiceSystem SystemicGrammar Theboykickedtheball Chain syntagmatic choice paradigmatic Therelationbetweensystemicgrammarandfunctionalgrammar ThesystemnetworkinSystemicGrammarchieflydescribesthreecomponentsoffunction orthreemetafunctions ideational interpersonal andtextual Eachofthemisacomplexsystemconsistingofothersystems andchoicesaresimultaneouslymadefromthethreemetafunctions FunctionalGrammar Hallidaydefinesafunctionalgrammaras essentiallya natural grammar inthesensethateverythinginitcanbeexplained Hallidayinterpretslanguagedevelopmentfromafunctionalpointofviewandformulatesafunctionaltheoryoflanguage theideationaltheinterpersonalthetextualfunction Threemetafunctions FunctionalGrammar Theideationalfunctionistoconveynewinformation tocommunicateacontentthatisunknowntothehearer ideationalfunction experientialfunction logicalfunction transitivity voice interdependency logical semanticrelation FunctionalGrammar Theinterpersonalfunctionembodiesallusesoflanguagetoexpresssocialandpersonalrelations FunctionalGrammar Thetextualfunctionreferstothefactthatlanguagehasmechanismstomakeanystretchofspokenorwrittendiscourseintoacoherentandunifiedtextandmakealivingpassagedifferentfromarandomlistofsentences Itisrealizedthroughthreeroutes 1 theme 2 information 3 cohesion Transitivity Transitivityisagrammaticalsystem It specifiesthedifferenttypesofprocessthatarerecognizedinthelanguage andthestructuresbywhichtheyareexpressed Thebasicsemanticframeworkfortherepresentationofprocessconsistsofthreecomponents 1 processitself 2 participantsintheprocess 3 circumstancesassociatedwiththeprocess Process InEnglish wemakechoicesbetweendifferenttypesofprocess participants circumstances roles andmembers Theyareknowncollectivelyasthetransitivitychoices Wefirstdividedthechoicesintosixkinds Transitivity Materialprocess Johnkickedtheball Mentalprocess JohnlikesMary RelationalProcess Johnisonthesofa Behaviouralprocess Johnlaughed Verbalprocess Johnsaiditiscoldintheroom Existentialprocess Thereisacatonthesofa voice Differentfromtraditionalgrammar voice middle Theglassbroke non middle active Thecatbroketheglass passive Theglasswasbrokenbythecat interdependency Halliday认为 任何两个不同的语言单位之间都有某种依赖关系即 相互依存 interdependency Parataxis Teaorcoffee HeisateacherandIamastudent Hypotaxis astonebridge Johnranawaybecausehewasscared logical semanticrelation logical semanticrelation expansion projection elaboration Johnranaway whichmeanshedidn twait extension JohnranawayandFredstayedbehind enhan