ChildCenteredPlayTherapy以儿童为中心的游戏疗法.ppt

PlayTherapy It splaceintheCounselingOffice HistoryofPlayTherapy SigmundFreudfirstusedPTin1909CarlRogersintroducedperson centeredtheoryVirginiaAxline creatednon directiveplaytherapyCurrentdefinition AssociationofPlayTherapy 2008 thesystematicuseofatheoreticalmodeltoestablishaninterpersonalprocesswhereintrainedplaytherapistsusethetherapeuticpowersofplaytohelpclientspreventorresolvepsychosocialdifficultiesandachieveoptimalgrowthanddevelopment WhatisChild CenteredPlayTherapy Restatewhatthechildsays ifanything ReflectfeelingandcontentSetlimitsintheplayroomthatprohibitthestudentfromhurtingself you ormaterialsEmphasisonthechildandthenaturalwaythatachildcanworkoutanissue Techniques Tracking ThecounselorisanobserverThecounselorrestateswhatthechildisdoingwithoutaddingnegativeorpositivestatementsChildrenareallowedtoprocessontheirownwithoutcounselorinterpretation ExperientialActivitywithTrackingandReflection Whatdidyounoticefromtheclient splay Whatthemescanyoudrawfromit Whatwouldyouwriteinnotesaboutthechild DirectivePlayTherapy Directive CounselorleadsorguidessessionCreativeactivitiesareusedtoguidecounselingsessionsinordertogaugethethoughts feelings andbehaviorsoftheclientGoalorientedAllowsforspecificevidenceofchangeandgrowthinthechild Techniques CognitiveBehavioralPlayTherapy Theemphasisisondevelopingnew moreadaptivethoughtsandbehaviorsThecounselorusestechniquestoguidestudentinusingmorehelpfulcopingstrategiestodealwithproblemsPairsconcreteexampleswithabstractideasandemotions ExperientialActivity WeightsandBalloons Howdidtheactivityhelpexplainthethought feelingconnection Forwhichdevelopmentallevelsisthisappropriate Howcanthisactivityhelpthecounselor studentwithgoalsetting ApplyingplayintoyourCounseling Play art story telling andmusiccanbeintegratedwithmultipletheoreticalapproachesPlaycanbeusedasamediumwithinacounselingsessiontobringeasetoanyagedchildMiddleandhighschoolstudentsmayevenlongforamodalityofexpressionotherthanspokenlanguageDirectquestionsdonotalwaysproducedirectresponses WhoisusingPlayTherapy In2005 105counselinggraduateprogramsintheUSofferedatleastonecourseinplaytherapyIn2005 978schoolcounselorsfromACAandAPTweresurveyedabouttheirtheoreticalbackgroundand66 6 respondedchild centeredwithcognitivebehavioralinsecondat9 2 Ofthoserespondingtothesurvey theaveragenumberofgraduatecoursestakeninPlayTherapywas1 5 WhoisusingPlayTherapy ElementaryschoolcounselorsweresurveyaboutopinionsofPlayTherapy 381SchoolCounselors 97 oftheschoolcounselorsbelievedthatplaywasthenaturallanguageofachildInaqualitativesectionrespondersindicatedthatlimitationstousingPlayTherapyinschoolsincludedlackoftimewithstudentsandlackoftraining 2005 EfficacyofPlayTherapy Kranz Rameriz Flores Torres Steele Lund 2005 usedgamesandarttocreatecomfortinmigrantchildrenBaggerlyandParker 2005 usedCCPTwith22AfricanAmericanmales EfficacyofPlayTherapy Kot Landreth andGiordano 1998 experimentallystudiedagroupofchildrenwhowereallwitnessingdomesticviolenceinthehomePost 1999 studied168childrenthatwereconsideredat riskbasedonpoverty lowachievement specialeducationlabel ormobilityinthehome FinalThoughts PlaytherapyallowschildrentoprocessandproceedattheirownpaceDevelopmentallyappropriateWorkswithculturallydiversechildren labeledchildren andthoseexperiencingtraumaGraduatestudentsshouldbeawareofandtrainedinplaytherapytofacetheneedstheywillencounterintheschoolsystem Resources AssociationofPlayTherapy n d AboutPlayTherapyOverview RetrievedMay15 2008fromhttp www a4pt org ps playtherapy cfmBaggerly J Parker M 2005 Child centeredgroupplaytherapywithAfricanAmericanboysattheelementaryschoollevel JournalofCounselingandDevelopment83 4 387 397 Dougherty J Ray D C 2007 Differentialimpactofplaytherapyondevelopmentallevelsofchildren InternationalJournalofPlayTherapy 16 1 2 19 deRios M D 1997 Magicalrealism AculturalinterventionfortraumatizedHispanicchildren CulturalDiversity MentalHealth 3 3 159 170 Fall M 1994 Physicalandemotionalexpression Acombinationapproachforworkingwithchildreninthesmallareasofaschoolcounselor soffice SchoolCounselor 42 1 73 77 Fall M Balvanz J Johnson L Nelson L 1999 Aplaytherapyinterventionanditsrelationshiptoself efficacyandlearningbehaviors ProfessionalSchoolCounseling 2 3 194 204 Resources Gil E 1994 Playinfamilytherapy NewYork Guilford Johnson L Mcleod E H Fall M 1997 Playtherapywithlabeledchildrenintheschools ProfessionalSchoolCounseling 1 1 31 34 Kottman T 2001 Playtherapy Basicsandbeyond Alexandria VA AmericanCounselingAssociation Lambert S F LeBlanc M Mullen J A Ray D Baggerly J White J Kaplan D 2005 Learningmoreaboutthosewhoplayinsession Thenationalplaytherapyincounselingpracticesproject InternationalJournalofPlayTherapy 14 2 7 24 Landreth G L 1991 Playtherapy Theartoftherelationship Muncie IN AcceleratedDevelopment Resources Post P 1999 Impactofchild centeredplaytherapyontheself esteem locusofcontrol andanxietyofat risk4th 5th and6thgradestudents InternationalJournalofPlayTherapy 8 1 18 Ray D C 2006 Evidence basedplaytherapy InSchaefer C E Kaduson H G Ed Contemporaryplaytherapy Theory research andpractice pp 136 157 NewYork Guilford Ray D C Armstrong S A Warren E S Balkin R S 2005 Playtherapypracticesamongelementaryschoolc