lesson-15-the-damned-human-race(英语精读).ppt

lesson15TheDamnedHumanRaceByMarkTwain Quotationsonhuman IsometimesthinkthatGodincreatingmansomewhatoverestimatedHisability OscarWild Men Theonlyanimalintheworldtofear D H Lawrence Weareperversecreaturesandneversatisfied NanFairbrother Quotationsonhuman Suchisthehumanrace oftenitseemsapitythatNoah didn tmisstheboat MarkTwain Man acreaturemadeattheendoftheweek sworkwhenGodwastired MarkTwain Discussion whatisyourview 1 Whatisyourunderstandingofhumannature 2 Haveyoufoundanydefect Ornothingnegativeatall 3 Pleasenamethreemajordefectsofhumannature Theme Throughtheanalysisofvarioustraitsanddispositionshumanbeingsascontrastedtothe higheranimals theauthorfindsthatmenhavedescendedanddegenerated Structureofthetext Thethesisstatement Introductiontothescientificexperimentandtheanalysisrelatedtovarioustraitsanddispositionsofhumanbeingsascontrastedtothe higheranimals Arguingwithpeoplewhobelieveinman ssuperiority Part1 para 1 Part2 para 2 9 Part3 para 10 17 Part4 para 18 Menhavedescendedanddegenerated Question Isthisarticlewritteninacolloquialorformalway Answer Language formal bigwords longsentences serioustone etc Hepretendstobereportingonascientificexperiment Tone tongue in cheek 开玩笑地 Toachievehumor Partone Thesisstatement Ihavebeenstudyingthetraitsanddispositionsofthe loweranimals andcontrastingthemwiththetraitsanddispositionsofman Ifindtheresulthumiliatingtome Para 1 Q Whyisloweranimalsputinquotationmark Readthesentenceandpayattentiontothetoneanddiction Noticethetongue in cheekwaytheauthorexpresseshisideas Hemakesitsoundasifhewereconductingandreportingontheresultofascientificinvestigation Inotherwords heisdeliberatelyusingapompous 夸大的 styletoachievehumor ForitobligesmetorenouncemyallegiancetotheDarwiniantheoryoftheAscentofManfromtheLowerAnimalsandtonameittheDescentofManfromtheHigherAnimals para1 toobligesbtodosth toforcesbtodosth tomakeitnecessaryforsbtodosth toabandonorgiveup torejectordisownmyloyalty firmbelief esp toanationoracause DoyouknowsomethingaboutDarwiniantheory Darwiniantheory In1817 CharlesDarwinpublishedtheDescentofManwhichgaveevidencetoshowthatmanwasderivedfromanimalsthat ifalivetoday wouldbeclassifiedasapes Parttwo para2 9 IsMarkTwainseriouswhenhesaysthathehasdonemanymonthsofpainstakingandfatiguingworkintheLondonZoologicalGarden WhateffectdoyouthinkMarkTwainhopestoachievewiththismockseriousness LondonZoologicalGardens LondonZoo SetintheheartofLondon smajesticRegent sPark LondonZooboastsnotonlyavastarrayofamazinganimals butalsobeautifulgardens fineart astoundingarchitectureandtheastonishingexhibition LondonZoowastheWorld sfirstscientificzoo Openedin1828 ithousedacollectionofexotic 外来的 animalsthatwerestudiedbyeminentscientistsoftheday Onlylaterin1847didtheZooopenitsdoorstothepublicand fromthenon becamethemostfamouszoointheWorld Today LondonZoohousesawonderfulrangeofreptiles 爬行类动物 fish invertebrates 无脊椎类动物 birdsandmammals 哺乳动物 Traitsanddispositionsofhumanbeingscontrastedtothehighanimals Findoutthemfrompara3 para9 1 Maniscruelerthananimal 2 Manisavoriciousandmiserlyandtheirdesirescan tbeendedforever 3 Manistheonlyonewhotakespossessionofrevenge 4 Maninventedindecency vulgarityandobscenity 5 Manissoiled mindedandhealwayscovershimself 6 Manistheonlyonethatinflictspainforthepleasureofdoingit 1 Maniscruelerthananimal I theanacondas somehunters onourGreatPlains inLondonZoo anEnglishearl organizedabuffalohunt caused7youngcalvestobeturnedintothecage toentertainandprovidesomefreshmeatforhistable todeterminethedifferencebetweenananacondaandanearl Killed72 atepartofoneofthemtheleftthe71torot crushedoneofthemandswallowedit thenlaybacksatisfied Theearliscruelanddestroyswhathehasnousefor Theearlwasdescendedfromtheanacondaandhadlostagooddealinthetransition lambchickcubfoal coltkidkittenducklingpigletgoslingpuppy PlainsBison美洲或欧洲的野牛 OriginatinginEurasia 欧亚大陆 butmigratingtoNorthAmericaacrosstheBeringlandbridgeduringprehistorictimes theythrivedontheGreatPlains untilthearrivalofwhitesettlersdrovethemtothebrinkofextinction AlthoughtheyoncerangedacrosstheGreatPlainsfromMexicotoCanada withnumbersestimatedat60million todaytheyexistprimarilyongamereservesandranches 大牧场 withestimatednumbersof200 000 BuffaloChasewithBowsandLances 长矛 HorsemenpursuebuffaloontheGreatPlainsinBuffaloChasewithBowsandLances 长矛 Huntersfirstisolatedabuffalobyridingbetweenitandtherestoftheherd then ridingatfullspeedalongsidetheanimal theyshotitwithabowandarroworalance Later firearmswereused ThePeerage 贵族阶级 Thecollectivenounforpeers menandwomenwhoserankisequaltonobilityandaristocracy IntheUnitedKingdom thepeeragecompriseshereditarypeers 世袭贵族 andlifepeers 终身贵族 Bothmaleandfemalepeersreceivethesamerights IntheUnitedKingdom hereditarypeersareknownbyanumberoftitles whichrankthemintermsofimportance Mostimportantare24dukes Nextinrankarethe35marquises Earls thelevelbelow therearearound200intheUKintotal Thefemaleequivalentofanearlisacountess Thereare120orsoviscounts andthenearly500baronsorbaronesses Lifepeers calledbaronorbaroness totalapproximately500 Alifepeerhasalltherightsofanhereditarypeer butheorshecannotpassonthetitletohisorherheirs duke公爵 marquis侯爵 earl 伯爵viscount子爵 baron男爵 TheUnitedKingdomistheonlycountrythathasanUpperHousecomprisingthearistocracy Originallyvestedwithagreatdealofpower intermsofland money andfollowers thepeerswouldbesummonedtositintheHouseofLords Thus theprincipleofthefewrepresentingthemanyevolved TheoriginalUpperHousesatintheParliamentHouseinthePalaceofWestminster TodaytheUnitedKingdomistheonlycountryinEuropewhoseUpperHouseisstillcomposedofunelectedpeers Membersofthearistocracyormembersoftheoldnoblefamiliesstillactinanadvisorycapacitytothemonarch Anaconda 水蟒 Anaconda commonnameforlargeSouthAmericansnakes Anacondasareamongthelargestandmostpowerfulsnakesintheworld Alargeadultmaybe6mlongandweigh107kg Anacondaskilltheirpreybyconstrictionorsqueezing ThecommonanacondainhabitstheriversystemsofnorthernandAmazonianSouthAmericaeastoftheAndes 安第斯山脉 Femaleanacondasgivebirthtolivingyoung 2 Manisavoriciousandmiserlyandtheirdesirescan tbeendedforever greedy extremelyfondofaccumulatingwealth Iwasawarethatmanymenwhohaveaccumulatedmoremillionsofmoneythantheycaneverusehaveshownarabidhungerformore andhavenotscrupledtocheattheignorantandthehelplessoutoftheirpoorsavingsinordertopartiallyappeasetheappetite para4 arabidhungerforsth rabidisrelatedtorabieswhichisafataldiseaseofdogs狂犬病 havenotscrupledtodosth theignorantandthehelpless tohavenothesitatedtodosthbecauseofembarrassmentfrommoralconsiderations theuneducatedandthepowerlesspeople 3 Manistheonlyonewhotakespossessionofrevenge amongtheanimalsmanistheonlyonethatharborsinsultsandinjuries broodsoverthem waitstillachanceoffers thentakesrevenge Thepassionofrevengeisunknowntothehigheranimals Para 5 revenge tothinkaboutsth foralongtimebecauseitmakesyouangryorworried parallelism sequenceofaction emphasizethesarcastictone Q Doyouthinkthatanimalsalsotakerevenge Roosters andmen s marriage Roosterskeepharems but Menkeepharms but para6 Whatisthesimilaritybetweenthem Howaboutthedifference 4 Maninventedindecency valgarityandobscenity 5 Manissoiled mindedandhealwayscovershimself Q What sthedifferencebetween laugh and blush blush tobecomeredintheface especiallyfrommodesty embarrassment orshame Q Whyismantheonlyonethatblushesorhastheneedtoblush NoticethatMarkTwainissayingherethatonlymanneedstoblushbecauseheconsciouslydoesbad immoralthings 6 Manistheonlyonethatinflictspainforthepleasureofdoingit Q Howmanydifferentwayswasthepriorprobablykilled RichardFirst TheLion HeartofEngland RichardwasakingofEngland laterknownasthe LionHeart andfamousforhisexploitsintheThirdCrusade althoughduringhis10 yearreignhespentonlysixmonthsinEngland 6 Manistheonlyonethatinflictspainforthepleasureofdoingit MoreaboutKingJohn John 24December1167 19October1216 1 wasKingofEnglandfrom6April1199untilhisdeath HeaccededtothethroneastheyoungerbrotherofKingRichardI whodiedwithoutissue inourdayinEnglandamanisfinedtenshillingsforbeatinghismothernearlytodeathwithachair andanothermanisfinedfortyshillingsforhavingfourpheasanteggsinhispossessionwithoutbeingabletosatisfactorilyexplainhowhegotthem Para 9 euphemism forstealingfourpheasanteggs Q WhydidMarkTwaingivethetwoexampleshere MarkTwainissatirizingthefactthatundertheEnglishlawatthattime amother slifewasworthonlyonepeasanteggbecausethelatterwasconsideredprivateproperty DoyouagreewithTwain sideathatwhenthecatplayswiththemouse shedoesnotknowthefrightenedmouseissuffering The onlyone featureofhumanbeing 1 Manistheonlyonethatdealsintheatrocityofwar 2 Manistheonlyonethatrobshishelplessfellowofhiscountry 3 ManistheonlySlaveandtheonlywhoenslaves 4 ManistheonlyPatriot 5 Manistheonlyreligiousanimal 6 Manisincurablyfoolish 1 Manistheonlyonethatdealsintheatrocityofwar TheHessians 黑森雇佣兵 weretheGermanmercenaries Soldierswhowillfightanybodyforwagesarecallmercenaries servingwiththeBritishduringtheAmericanRevolution TheGermansconstitutedaboutonethirdoftheKing stroopinAmerica Forthesemercenaries BritainpaidtheGermanrulersatotalof1 77millionpounds 2 Manistheonlyonethatrobshishelplessfellowofhiscountry Thereisnotanacreofgroundontheglobethatisinpossessionofitsrightfulowner Para11 Notasinglepiecesoflandisinthehandsofitsoriginalowner Everypieceoflandhasbeenstolen Q Whydidthishappen WhatdoesMarkTwainactuallyreferto MarkTwainisreferringtothefactthattheworldhasbeen inthecourseofhistory dividedandre dividedcountlesstimesthroughwar 3 ManistheonlySlaveandtheonlywhoenslaves ManistheonlySlave Andheistheonlyanimalwhoenslaves Hehasalwaysbeenaslaveinoneformoranother andhasalwaysheldotherslavesinbondageunderhiminonewayoranother para12 toholdsbinbondage tokeepsbinthestateofbeingaslaveMarkTwainisreferringtotheideathatinthehistoryofhumancivilization oursocietyhasalwaysbeenbasedonsomekindofexploitationofmanbyman Nooneisfree Everyoneisaslaveofoneformoranotherandatthesametimeenslavedthoseunderhim Q Isthereslaveryinanimals life 4 ManistheonlyPatriot Q Ispatriotismabadfeature WhydidTwaincriticizethis Hesetshimselfapartinhisowncountry underhisownflag andsneersattheothernations keepsmultitudinousuniformedassassinsonhandatheavyexpensetograbslicesofotherpeople scountries Para13 tomakeoneselffeelthatheisdifferentfromandbetterthanotherpeople tolaughatcontemptuously murderersinuniform Twain scontemptuoustermforarmysoldiers Q WhatwasTwainblamingfor Hewasbitterlyagainstcolonialistandimperialistwarsofhistime whichwereusuallyfoughtunderpatrioticslogans Thismadehimextremelycontemptuousaboutpatriotism 4 ManistheonlyPatriot andinintervalsbetweencampaignshewashesthebloodoffhishandsand worksfor theuniversalbrotherhoodofman withhismouth 13 Q whathumanfeaturehasbeenrevealedbythedescription Andwhentheyarenotfightingeachother theywillstarttalkingaboutpeaceanduniversalbrotherhood butwithoutanysincerity Man accordingtoMarkTwain isnotonlycruelandwarlike butalsohypocritical Topaylipservice tomakeemptypromiseto 5 Manistheonlyreligiousanimal Whatshouldareligiouspersondo Toemphasizethespiritualandmorallife WhydidTwainlaughatmen sbeliefsinreligion Thedifferentreligionsintheworldhaveresultedinendlessreligioussuppressions persecutionsandwars Whatdidmendo 5 Manistheonlyreligiousanimal Heistheonlyanimalthatloveshisneighborashimself andcutshisthroatifhistheologyisn tstraight 14 Normalandcorrect Hehasmadeagraveyardoftheglobeintryinghishonestbesttosmoothhisbrother spathtohappinessandheaven 14 Tomakeiteasyforsb todosth Intryingtomakeiteasyforhisbrothertofindhappinessandgotoheaven hehasturnedtheworldintoagraveyard hehascausedthedeathofmillionsaroundtheworldinconvertingthemtohisreligion HewasatitinthetimeoftheCaesar s hewasatitinMohammed stime hewasatitinthetimeoftheinquisition hewasatitinFranceacoupleofcenturies hewasatitinEnglandinMary sday hehadbeenatiteversincehefirstsawthelight para14 tobeatsth tobeengagedinacertainactivityQ Whatdoes he and it refertorespectively JuliusCaesar wasaRomanmilitaryandpoliticalleader HeplayedacriticalroleinthetransformationoftheRomanRepublicintotheRomanEmpire InthetimesofCaesars theearlyChristianswerecruellypersecutedbytheRomans InMohammed s 穆罕默德 time theMoslemswerecruellypersecuted InMary sday theProtestantswerepersecuted MaryTudor commonlyknownasBloodyMary QueenofEngland DaughterofHenryVIIIandhalfsistertoElizabethI whosucceededher ShealienatedhersubjectsbymarryingKingPhilipofSpain re establishingtheRomanCatholicChurch revivingthechurchcourtsandthelawsagainstheresy andinitiatingreligiouspersecutionresultinginthedeathof300protestants Q InTwain sexperiment whathappenedwhendifferentanimalswereinthesamecageandwhendifferentreligiouspeopleweretogether