英语时态复习

英语时态英语时态 The verb tense 一 概念 英语中表示不同的时间 以不同方式发生的动作或存在的状态 要用不同 的动词形式来表示 这种不同的动词时态就称为动词时态 英语中共有 16 种时 态 以 ask 为例 将其各种时态的构成列表如下 现在时现在时过去时过去时将来时将来时过去将来时过去将来时 一般一般ask asksaskedwill askwould ask 进行进行is am are asking was were askingwill be askingwould be asking 完成完成have has askedhad askedwill have askedwould have asked 完成完成 进行进行 have has been asking had been askingwill have been asking would have been asking 1 一般现在时 一般现在时 1 一般现在时表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态及客观现实和普遍真理 一般现在时常以动词原形表示 但当主语是第三人称单数时 动词词尾加 s 或 es 2 句型结构 主语 包括 be 动词 宾语 She is an engineer He has breakfast at 6 00 every day a 一般现在时通常与 always often usually every day sometimes once a week 等时间状语连用 I always watch TV at 8 00 in the evening They go home once a week We usually do our homework at home b 表客观现实或普遍真理 The sun always rises in the east The light travels faster than the sound c 表永远性的动作或状态 He lives in the country 4 第三人称单数变化形式 a 一般情况动词在词尾加 s come comes speak speaks work works live lives b 以 o s x ch sh 结尾的单词在词后加 es do does go goes finish finishes brush brushes fix fixes pass passes watch watches c 以 辅音字母 y 结尾的单词变 y 为 i 加 es Study studies carry carries cry cries d 以 元音字母 y 结尾的单词直接加 s play plays stay stays 2 一般过去时 一般过去时 1 一般过去时表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态 还表示过去的习惯性动作 纯粹的过去 只强调过去的事实 不表示和现在的关系 和现在无关 通常与表示过去的时间状语 yesterday last night two days ago in 1990 in the past just now 等连用 I was a student 6 years ago I went to Beijing last year They saw a film last night 2 句型结构 主语 过去时 宾语 4 动词过去式变化规则 a 一般情况下的词加 ed work worked call called laugh laughed Explain explained finish finished knock knocked b 以不发音的字母 e 结尾的单词直接加 d live lived change changed smoke smoked die died c 以 辅音字母 y 结尾的单词 变 y 为 i 加 ed study studied carry carried try tried marry married d 以 元音字母 y 结尾的单词直接加 ed play played stay stayed e 以 一个元音字母 一个辅音字母 结尾的单词应先双写这个辅音字母然后再 加 ed stop stopped plan planned pat patted 3 一般将来时 一般将来时 1 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态 常与表将来的时间状语 tomorrow the day after tomorrow next Sunday soon in a few days 等连用 2 句型结构 将来时将来时用法用法例句例句 1will 动词原动词原 形形 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状 态 事物固有的属性或必然趋势 My sister will be ten next year 2be going to 动词原形动词原形 1 口语中表示 打算 计划 做某 事 2 根据现在的迹象 对未来进行 推断 3 用于条件句中 表将来 而 will 不行 It is going to clear up We are going to have a party tonight If you are going to come to my house you d better phone me first 3be doing 进行时表示将进行时表示将 来来 go come start begin move leave arrive stay 等词可用进行时表示 按照计划或即将发生的动作 He is moving to the south Are they leaving for Europe 4be about to 动词原形动词原形 表示安排或计划中的马上就要发 生的动作 后面一般不跟时间状 语 I was about to leave when the bell rang The meeting is about to close 5be to 动词动词 原形原形 表示按照计划或安排要做的事We are to meet at the school gate at noon 6一般现在时表一般现在时表 示将来示将来 一些起止的动词 come go leave arrive fly return start begin close end stop 等 用来表示时 刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的 事情 The meeting starts at five o clock The plane leaves at ten this evening 4 现在完成时现在完成时 1 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响 或表示过去某时间已经开始一直持续 到现在的动作或状态 即过去的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果 a 表示一个动作或状态开始于过去 持续到现在 也许还将持续下去 时间状语 lately recently in the last past few years since then up to now so far 等 b 一个发生在过去的事情对现在产生的影响 时间状语 already just yet never before 等 c 在条件 时间或让步状语从句中 表示将来某时以前已经完成的动作 d 瞬间动词用完成时态不可以接一段时间的状语 瞬间动词有 come go get to reach arrive in arrive at leave buy sell open close get up join take part in begin start return give borrow lend become turn bring take die finish end receive hear form marry break lose jump 2 基本结构 主语 have has P P 动词过去分词 I ve finished this work He has ever been to Australia I have already read this book 3 过去分词的构成 规则变化同过去式的构成 不规则变化如下 do did done go went gone eat ate eaten come came come 5 过去完成时过去完成时 1 定义 a 表示动作发生在过去某一时间之前已经完成的动作或状态 一件事情发生在 过去 而另外一件发生在它之前的动作用过去完成时 强调 过去的过去 b 从过去某一时间开始 一直持续到过去的另一时间的动作 时间状语 by then by that time by the end of 过去时间 c 表示过去未能实现的愿望和意图 如 mean expect hope intend want think suppose I had intended to visit you yesterday but I was too busy 2 常与 by the time by the end of before until then 等引导时间的状语连用 3 基本结构 主语 had 动词过去分词 When I got to the cinema yesterday the film had begun already He had learned English before he came here He had taught this class for 3 years by the time I left the school By the end of last term I had learned 2000 English words 6 现在进行时 现在进行时 1 现在进行时表示现在或现在这段时间正在进行的动作 通常与 now at present look listen 等时间状语连用 2 基本结构主语 be am is are v ing You are listening to me carefully now Look They are dancing We are studying English at present 3 动词现在分词的构成 一般动词直接在词后加 ing do doing read reading work working think thinking 以不发音的字母 e 结尾的动词 应先去掉 e 然后加 ing like liking take taking leave leaving live living 以 一个元音字母 一个辅音字母 结尾的动词 应先双写这个辅音字母然后再 加 ing stop stopping begin beginning dig digging swim swimming 注意 listen listening open opening eat eating rain raining 7 过去进行时 过去进行时 1 表示过去某一时刻或某阶段时间正在进行的动作 2 通常与 at 6 00 yesterday at this that time yesterday when 引导的时间状语等 连用 3 基本结构 主语 be was were v ing It was raining at 7 00 the day before yesterday They were building a house at this time last winter We were reading when the teacher came in 8 现在完成进行时 1 表示动作发生在过去 现在以前这一段时间里 一直进行到现在 而且这一 动作可能仍然在进行或者还要进行下去 动作的延续 2 基本结构 主语 have has been doing 3 常用的时间状语 all 时间段 morning afternoon evening day 等等 far 时 间段 since It has seen raining hard yesterday and it is still raining He has been ringing me up all morning 8 现在完成进行时现在完成进行时 1 表示动作发生在过去 现在以前这一段时间里 一直进行到现在 而且这一 动作可能仍然在进行或者还要进行下去 动作的延续 2 基本结构 主语 have has been doing 3 常用的时间状语 all 时间段 morning afternoon evening day 等等 far 时 间段 since It has seen