语法专项复习四

语法专项复习四语法专项复习四 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态 动词的时态动词的时态 时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式 英语动词常见的时态有九 种 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过 去完成时 过去将来时 现在完成进行时 一 一般过去时 一 一般过去时 1 表示过去某一特定时间所发生的 可完成的动作或状态 常与表示确切过去时间的词 短语或从句连用 例如 We went to see a very interesting film last night 2 表示过去习惯性动作 例如 I used to do my homework in the library 二 过去进行时二 过去进行时 过去进行时表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生后 另一个过去的动作正在进行 或表示过 去反复的习惯 常与 always continually constantly 等动词连用 例如 We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered Whenever I visited him he was always writing at the desk 三 过去完成时 三 过去完成时 1 表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况 这个过去的时间可以用 by before 等介词短 语或一个时间状语从句来表示 或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成 例如 We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in By the end of last year they had turned out 5 000 bicycles 2 动词 expect hope mean intend plan suppose wish want desire 等用过去完成时 表示过 去的希望 预期 意图或愿望等没有实现 例如 I had meant to take a good holiday this year but I wasn t able to get away 另外两种表示 过去想做而未做的事 的表达方式是 1 was were to have done sth 例如 We were to have come yesterday but we couldn t 2 intended expected hoped meant planned supposed wished wanted desired to have done sth 如 I meant to have told you about it but I forgot to do so 3 过去完成时常用于以下固定句型 hardly scarcely barely 过去完成时 when 过去时 例如 Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move no sooner 过去完成时 than 过去时 例如 No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me by the end of 过去时间 主句中谓语动词用过去完成时 例如 The experiment had been finished by 4 o clock yesterday afternoon 四四 一般过去将来时一般过去将来时 1 一般过去将来时的形式 should would 动词原形 或 was were 动词 ing 形式 2 一般过去将来时常用于宾语从句中 其主语的谓语动词为过去时态 可表示从过去某时 看来将要发生的事情 如 He said that he would speak at the meeting He was sixty eight In two years he would be seventy 动词的语态动词的语态 一一 主动语态和被动语态主动语态和被动语态 当句子的主语是动作的执行者时 谓语的形式叫主动语态 当句子的主语是动作的承受者 时 谓语的形式叫被动语态 被动语态由助动词 be 过去分词构成 时态通过 be 表现出 来 例如 1 一般过去时 The window was broken by Jack 2 过去进行时 The new tool was being made 3 过去完成时 He said that the work had been finished 4 过去将来时 He said that many trees would be planted 二二 一些特殊的被动结构一些特殊的被动结构 1 带情态动词的被动结构 The problem must be solved soon 这个问题必须尽快解决 2 带不定式的被动结构 Betty has never been heard to speak ill of others 从未听到贝蒂说别人坏话 This task needs to be done with great care 这项工作必须认真去做 3 短语动词的被动结构 1 不及物 动词 介词 若这类短语动词是及物的 则可用于被动语态 如 look after talk about think of 等 若这类短语动词是不及物的 则不可用于被动语态 如 look up look down 等 His plan was well thought of 他的计划受很高评价 2 及物 动词 副词 bring about carry out find out make out put away put off take up turn down turn out wipe out 等 The secret was soon found out 秘密很快被查出 3 动词 副词 介词 face up to give in to look down upon make up for put up with 等 Nobody likes to be looked down upon 没有人喜欢受歧视 4 动词 名词 介词 catch sight of keep an eye on fix one s eyes upon make a fool of make use of pay attention to put an end to set fire to take notice of 等 Every use should be made of our spare time 我们应当充分利用业余时间 Your pronunciation must be paid attention to 你应该注意发音 4 带复合宾语的被动结构 动词在改为被动语态时 一般把主动结构中的宾语改成主语 宾语补足语保留在谓语后面 例如 We always keep the classroom clean The classroom is always kept clean 5 主动形式表示被动意义 1 动词 want need require 后用动名词的主动式 这时 动名词和句中主语有动宾关系 而不定式需用被动式 例如 The children need looking after to be looked after 孩子们需要照顾 The window wants cleaning to be cleaned 窗户需要清洗 2 有些及物动词后须加副词 如 well easily 等 有些可不加如 act clean cut draw keep lock open play read sell shut strike wash write measure weigh 等 例如 The cloth washes sells well 这布很经洗 很畅销 The door won t shut 这门关不上 The play won t act 这戏不宜上演 The street measures twenty metres wide 街道宽 20 米 3 形容词 worth 后直接加动名词时 例如 The book is worth reading a second time 这本书值得再次阅读 4 某些作表语的形容词后用不定式主动式表示被动意义 例如 The fish is not fit to eat 这种鱼不宜食用 The girl isn t easy to get along with 这女孩不好相处 5 感官动词和系动词 如 feel look prove smell sound taste wear 等 与形容词连用时 如 The dish tastes delicious 这道菜尝起来非常可口 6 be to blame 受谴责 be to rent 出租 也用主动形式表被动 一 巩固练习 一 巩固练习 1 The reporter said that the UFO east to west when he saw it A was traveling B traveled C had been traveling D was to travel 2 You haven t said a word about my new coat Brenda Do you like it I m sorry I anything about it sooner I certainly think it s pretty on you A wasn t saying B don t say C won t say D didn t say 3 All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor her nervousness A has grown B is growing C grew D had grown 4 I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday Oh how nice Do you know when she A was leaving B had left C has left D left 5 I you not to move my dictionary now I can t find it A asked B ask C was asking D had asked 6 Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s when people to enjoy the advantages of this new technology A begin B began C have begun D had begun 7 Has Sam finished his homework today I have no idea He it this morning A did B has done C was doing D had done 8 What were you doing when Tony phoned you I had just finished my work and to take a shower A had started B started C have started D was starting 9 It is said in the book that Thomas Edison 1847 1931 the world leading inventor for sixty years A would be B has been C had been D was 10 By the end of last year another new theme park completed in that area A was being B would be C has been D had been 11 The crazy fans patiently for two hours and they would wait till the movie star arrive d A were waiting B had been waiting C had waited D would wait 12 The discussion alive when an interesting topic was brought in A was coming B had come C has come D came 13 Scientists think that the continents always where they today A aren t are B aren t wereC weren t are D weren t were 14 When the old man to walk back to his house the sun itself behind the mountain A started had already hidden B had started had already hidden C had started was hiding D was starting hid 15 If the traffic hadn t been so heavy I could have been back by 6 o clock What a pity Tina here to see you A is B was C would be D has been 二 高考聚焦 二 高考聚焦 16 Have you known Dr Jackson for a long time Yes since she the Chinese Society A has joinedB joinsC had joinedD joined 17 Did you watch the basketball match yesterday Yes I did You know my brother in the match A is playing B was playing C has played D had played 18 I called Hnnah many times yesterday evening but I couldn t get through Her brother on the phone all the time A was talking B has been talking C has talked D talked 19 If the weather had been better we could have had a picnic But it all day A rained B rains C has rained D is raining 20 Why does the Lake smell terrible Because large quantities of water A have polluted B is being polluted C has been polluted D have been polluted 21 The telephone but by the time I got indoors it stopped A had rung B was ringing C rings D has rung 22 I don t believe you ve already finished reading the book I it to you this morning A would lend B was lending C had lent D lent 23 Have you read book called Waiting for Anya Who it A writes B has written C wrote D had written 24 The hotel wasn t particularly good But I in many worse hotels A was staying B stayed