Lecturefive虚拟语气.ppt

SubjunctiveMood Presentedby JackZhu SubjunctiveMood Focus什么是虚拟语气 其最基本的作用是什么 有那些词可以用来引导虚拟语气 虚拟语气有哪些特殊的表达形式 如何来辨别和使用这些特殊形式 一 什么是虚拟语气 语气是动词的一种形式 用来表示讲话某件事情的看法或态度 英语中有三种语气 语气 陈述语气 IndicativeMood 祈使语气 ImperativeMood 虚拟语气 subjunctiveMood 1 2 陈述语气一般用来讲述事实或提出疑问 常常用于陈述句 疑问句和感叹句 Thesituationcouldstillberemedied Whatdoesthissentencetrytotellus 祈使语气主要用于祈使句 由说话者向对方下达命令 提出要求 劝告等 Don tmakeanynoiseinclass Remembertoe mailme 3 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式 用于表示说话人所说的话不是事实 而是想像 假设建议 打算 愿望等 Ifwehadmethimlastnight wewouldhavetoldhimwhathadhappenedtohisfamily IwishIwereBillGates 虚拟语气的作用 1 表达假设的情况 与事实相反2 表达异想天开很难实现的愿望3 表达建议 命令 劝告等语气 二 虚拟语气的最基本形式 由于整个句子所表达的是虚拟的概念 因此动词要采用虚拟的表达形式 按照时间的概念不同 过去 现在 将来 可分为3种表达形式 如下表 请大家务必熟背下面if虚拟条件句中的虚拟形式 1 IfIsaysthwrong youmustpointitout 2 IfIhavefreetime I llhelpyouwithyourEnglish 3 Iftimepermits we llgofishingtogether 真实条件句 一 与现在事实相反的非真实性条件句 Ifwisheswerehorses beggarswouldride IfIfeareddeath Iwouldn tbeacommunist Thericewouldnothavebeenburntifyouhadbeenmorecareful IfmylawyerhadbeenherelastSaturday hewouldhavepreventedmefromgoing 二 与过去事实相反的条件句 三 虚拟语气的将来时 Ifyousucceeded everythingwouldbeallright Ifyoushouldsucceed everythingwouldbeallright Ifyouweretosucceed everythingwouldbeallright 1 IfI enoughmoney Iwillbuyalaptop A willhaveB haveC hadD wouldhave2 IfI you Iwouldgobyplane Flyingismuchfaster A beB wasC wereD am B C 3 Ifthey onstealing theywillreapwhattheysow A willkeepB keepC keptD hadkept4 IfJane tomorrow whatwouldyoudo A werenottocomeB willnotcomeC wouldnotcomeD hadnotcome B A 5 Iftheyhadknownhim tohim A wouldtheyhavetalkedB wouldtheytalkC hadtheytalkedD theywouldtalk6 Gettingupearlyisn tdifficultifyou analarmclock A willhaveB haveC hadD hadhad A B 7 Iwouldhavegonetotheconcert ifI time A hadhadB havehadC hadD wouldhavehad A 四 错综时间条件句 有时候 主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间 这时主 从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同 这叫做错综时间条件句或混合条件句 遇到此类题时 一要注意时间状语的提示 二要注意事实和虚拟的混合 Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday youwouldknowwhattodonow 从句与过去事实相反 主句与现在事实反 Ifithadrainedlastnight 过去 itwouldbeverycoldtoday 现在 Iwouldhavegonetovisithiminthehospitalhaditbeenatallpossible butI fullyoccupiedthewholeoflastweek A hadbeenB wasC wereD wouldbe 五 虚拟语气的倒装 省略 if 的条件句 虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含were should 或had 可将if省略 再把were should或had移到从句句首 实行倒装 Weretheyherenow theycouldhelpus Iftheywereherenow theycouldhelpus Hadyoucomeearlier youwouldhavemethim Ifyouhadcomeearlier youwouldhavemethim Ifitwerenotfortheirhelp wewouldbeingreattrouble Wereitnotfortheirhelp wewouldbeingreattrouble 在虚拟语气的从句中 动词 be 的过去时态一律用 were 不用was 即在从句中be用were代替 注意 六 含蓄条件句 在虚拟语气中 有的句子可能没有明显的由 if 引导的条件从句 但是句子中隐含着一个条件 这种句子称为含蓄条件句 通常有以下三种来表达 1 介词或介词短语 常见的可以引导虚拟语气的介词有 with without incaseof undermorefavorablecondition butfor butthat forthefearof 等 Someexamples Intheabsenceofsunlight therewouldbenomoonlight Underabettercondition wewouldhavedonemuchbetter Exceptforairandwater nothingcouldliveontheearth 2 连词 常见的用来连接虚拟语气的连接词有 otherwise or sothat unless supposing provided providedthat onconditionthat unfortunately等 Ididn thavehistelephonenumber Otherwise Iwouldhavealreadycalled 95 3 暗含在上下文中 1 Giventheopportunity hemighthavebecomeawell knownsinger 2 IwouldhaveboughtthatDVDplayer 3 Alone shewouldhavebeenterrified Someexamples 例 1 Withoutheatandsunlight plantsontheearth well A wouldnotgrowB willnotgrowC hadnotgrownD wouldnotbegrown例 3 Butfortherain we aniceholiday A shouldhaveB wouldhavehadC wouldhaveD willhavehad 答案 2003年4月28题 A B 例 2 Butformyclassmates help I theworkintime A didnotfinishB couldnotfinishC willnotfinishD wouldnothavefinished 答案 2004年4月36题 D 三 虚拟语气的特殊形式 虚拟语气的特殊形式是这一语法项目的难点是安徽省专升本考试中的频率较高的考点 其表现形式我们从以下几个方面进行学习记忆 1 一些动词在接宾语从句时 要用虚拟语气 这些动词有 suggest command orderpropose recommend askrequire request intend insist etc decide suggest decree demand insist move order prefer propose recommend request require vote 上述动词所接的虚拟语气基本句型是 主句依据说话者要求 采用正常的陈述句相对应的时态 从句用 should 动词原形 常常省略 should 1 MotherinsiststhatthewalletIpickedupinthestreet should begivenbacktotheowner 2 Heintendedthatshedoitrightnow 特别提示 这种句式要重点掌握 2 当上述动词以过去分词形式用在如下句型中时 从句用 should 可省略 V 该句型为 itis was 上述动词 过去分词 that从句 3 ItisstronglyrecommendedthatstudentsshouldlistentotheEnglishnewsbroadcastinginthemorning 4 Itwassuggestedthateveryscientistmasteratleastoneforeignlanguage 3 当上述动词以名词形式出现 并且被用来做主语引导一个表语从句时 从句要用虚拟语气 其形式同上 5 Mysuggestionwasthatwe should leavetheburningbuildingatonce 4 当上述动词的名词形式接同位语从句时 同位语从句用虚拟语气 用法同上 6 Thestudentsputforwardthedemandthattheclass should bestartedat8 30insteadof8 00 5 在 itis was advisable preferable等形容词 that从句 的句型中用虚拟语气 常见的形容词有 necessary important essential urgent vital natural strange imperative 7 Itisvitalthathebewarnedbeforehetakesaction 8 Itwasstrangethatsheshouldgoawaywithoutsayinggood bye lest forfearthat incase从句 1 Shewalkedquietlylestsheshouldwakeupherroommates 2 Theforeignteacherspokeslowlyincaseweshouldmisunderstandhim 3 Caremustbetakeninusingthismethodlestoverflowshouldoccur 4 Sheputablanketoverthebabyforfearthatitshouldcatchacold 6 在 到了该做 的时候了 Itistimethat 句型中 从句用过去式这种虚拟形式 9 Itistimethatwewenttobed 10 Itishightimethatwehandedinthehomework 7 在 wouldrather that 常省略 从句 的句型中 从句用虚拟语气 从句时态根据句子要表达的意义而定 11 Marywouldrathershehadnotbrokenthewindow 8 由ifonly asif asthough等引导的从句 要用虚拟语气 12 Hebehavesasifheweretheownerofthehouse 13 Evenifithadbeenarainyday Iwouldhavegonetoseeher 9 在表达美好愿望的独立句中使用虚拟语气 14 Godblessyou 15 Longlivemymotherland 16 Sobeitthen 17 LonglivethePeople sRepublicofChina 18 Goddamnyou 19 Heavenforbid 20 Deviltakeyou 21 Farbeitfrommetospoilthefun 22 Hewillremainhereifneedbe 情态动词 havedone的虚拟语气 1 表示与过去的事实相反should oughtto havedoneshouldn thavedonewouldhavedonecouldhavedonemighthavedoneneed needn t havedone Typicalexamples 1 Peterwouldhavegonewithme buthewasill 2 JohnwenttothestationwiththecartomeetMary sosheneedn thavewalkedbackhome 3 Yououghtto shouldhavestudiedharder 2 表示对过去的推测 Note 只有must could may might havedone1 youmusthaveseenthefilmTitanic 2 Itmusthaverainedlastnight forthegroundiswetnow 3 Mr Smithcan thavegonetoBeijing forIsawhiminthelibraryjustnow 4 Theymaynothaveknownitbeforehand 5 Youmighthavereadaboutitinthepapers Typicalexamples 经典考例1 Theweatherturnedouttobefineyesterday I thetroubletocarrymyumbrellawithme 2006江西 A shouldhavetakenB couldhav