高中英语短文改错解题技巧

时刻保持巅峰状态 力争做第一 1 高中英语短高中英语短 文文 改改 错错 技技 巧巧 短文改错 题是各类考试中的一个重要题型 尽管该题难度不大 但仍有一些同学在做 此类题目时不得要领 因而得分甚少 本文结合高考试题 出处被略去 对 短文改错 题 中的常见错误加以分析 从中找出命题者设置错误的规律并介绍一些解题技巧 一 一 短文改错短文改错 题中的常见错误类型题中的常见错误类型 一 名词方面的错误 名词方面的错误多指名词单复数形式的误用 可数名词与不可数名词的错误 名词所有格 中 s 的误置等 例如 1 He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests 2 In summer the sea under the blue skies is even more beautiful 3 you ve been settled down in Boston and are getting used to the local ways of life 4 but she marked strictly on student s actual performance 二 动词方面的错误 动词错误在短文改错中所占比重最大 它所涉及的错误包括动词的时态 语态错误 易混 动词的用法错误 动词的第三人称单数错误 动词的非谓语形式 以及动词的句型搭配错误 等 在改错题中 动词方面的考查比例较大 例如 1 The air keeps the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon 2 I just want to thank you for helping me becoming a different person 3 How about join us The camp is at the foot of a small hill 4 I ll send my friend Charlie meet you at the airport 三 形容词 副词方面的错误 这类错误多指误用形容词修饰形容词 误用副词修饰名词 误用形容词修饰动词 误用形 容词或副词的原级 比较级和最高级以及误用带 ly 的副词与不带 ly 的副词等 特别注意根 据上下文该用比较级而未用的 暗中比较 例如 1 They came back lately and had some tea 2 you always gave me specially attention 3 they fly down immediate and catch them without delay 4 Yes it is clearly that your life in your country is quite different from 5 I know you are particular interested in Human Rights 6 Last year my English teacher proved to be the more popular in our school 时刻保持巅峰状态 力争做第一 2 四 连词方面的错误 短文改错中出现连词就要判断连词用的是否正确 是否符合句子意思 连接的是词还是句 子 是否符合逻辑关系 此外如果是平行结构就要注意前后时态 语态 词性一致问题平行 结构常借助与并列连词 and or but not only but also not but either or neither nor as well as 等 though 不与 but 连用 because 不与 so 连用等 1 It started to rise higher again So it was still too close to the water 2 I became very active but made new friends 3 My hometown is a pretty city so people there are kind and polite 4 While they find fish come to the surface they fly down immediately 5 Both your aunt or I look forward to seeing you again 五 代词方面的错误 这类错误主要包括形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的误用 关系代词 连接代词的误 用 代词主格与代词宾格的误用 代词单数与代词复数的误用 各个不定代词之间的误用 反身代词与代词宾格之间的误用 代词的指代错误 定语从句中多用代词等 1 the men threw away most of his clothes to save themselves 2 a lot of white birds come to my city for food I can wait patiently above the sea for quite a long 3 If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child they will go hungry 4 That night we sat down to what they thought would be a pleasant uninterrupted 5 I just smiled to me and thought 6 your life in your country is quite different from me 7 Everybody sleeps in tents that is very exciting 六 介词方面的错误 这类错误多指漏掉介词 多用介词或介词与其他词语搭配的错误等 例如 1 The crowd waiting for to greet them in England was very surprised 2 He was looking for a glass the cupboard 3 After autumn arrives the city looks as an old man with leaves 4 he can no longer expect others to pay his food his clothes 5 On the front door stood a five year old boy from across the street 6 Could you share your experience for us 7 My mother was a career woman and had her own problems to take care 时刻保持巅峰状态 力争做第一 3 七 冠词方面的错误 这类错误多指 a n 与 the 的误用 a 与 an 的误用 有时也表现为 单数可数名词前面该用冠 词的地方缺少冠词 不该用冠词的地方多了冠词 例如 1 An American and a Frenchman decided to cross the sea between France and England in the balloon in 1784 2 the popular teacher is at same time the one who should be strict with 3 And if he breaks the law of society he may go to the prison 4 so we will have plenty of spare time to visit the area and have a fun 八 时态 语态方面的错误 这类错误主要为现在时态与过去时态 主动语态与被动语态的误用 做题时 应注意把握 文中动词时态的呼应规律 注意把握诸个并列动词的时态 语态的呼应规律 例如 1 We had guests last night who have not stayed in a B B hotel before 2 Today I got a letter that said I had been admitting to a college 3 We hung a sign on the front door that was read We re having dinner 4 sometimes all that is need is someone to rely on 5 I ll send my friend Charlie to meet you at the airport when you arrived 九 主谓一致方面的错误 这类错误主要指主语是第三人称单数时 谓语动词形式的错误 因此做题时 要注意谓语 动词的形式要和句子主语在人称和数上保持一致 例如 1 I just want to know what the sign say 2 Anyone can borrow books if he or she wish 3 Here are the information about Manchester University 4 What may surprise you are that I m going to 十 短语 句型固定搭配错误 主要考查介词与动词 名词 形容词的固定搭配 副词 动词的固定搭配 及物动词后多 介词或副词以及不及物动词后少介词 英语中的一些固定句型与习惯搭配等 1 My teacher advised me to keep my diary keep a diary 是固定搭配 意思是 写日记 2 In my surprise he did very well in his previous job To one s surprise 是固定搭配 3 I thought that was dull to watch a game 此题考查 it 的功能 It be adj to do 为固定 结构 二 解题技巧二 解题技巧 要想做好 短文改错 题 不妨试试分成 四步走 遵循 四原则 实施 四查法 具体做法如下 时刻保持巅峰状态 力争做第一 4 一 分成 四步走 1 1 通读全文 了解大意 通读全文 了解大意 注意语篇结构和行文逻辑 不能在不了解文章大意的情况下 逐字逐行地进行修改 2 2 先易后难 缩小范围 先易后难 缩小范围 在通读全文的过程中 可以先把文中明显的错误找出来改正 然后再根据具体语境 仔细分析判断 将注意力集中在较难的句子上 3 3 把握句意 逐行判断 把握句意 逐行判断 可依据 动词形 名词数 注意形和副 非谓动词细辨别 习 惯用法要记住 句子结构多分析 逻辑错误须关注 的口诀行事 4 4 再次通读 复查验证 再次通读 复查验证 把大部分错误改正之后 如果还有拿不准的地方 就应再次通 读全文 并利用语感来做最后的判断 纵观近几年的 短文改错 题 正确的地方只有一处 多词和缺词的地方约有 3 处 用错 词的地方一般有 6 个 且多为动词 这种比例或许也能帮助你做出最后判断 二 遵循 四原则 1 1 改动处以最少为原则 改动处以最少为原则 短文改错 题要求每行只能改动一处 改动的方法可以是增词 删词或换词 但无论作何种改动 只能是增加一词 减少一词或把一个词改成另一个词 当 然 没有错误的行无需改动 也就是说 每行改动之处不能超过一个 2 2 实词以改变词形为原则 实词以改变词形为原则 在 短文改错 题中 一般只是改变实词的形式 而不能改 变实词的词义 也不能将其改换成另一个实词 更不能随便增删 例如 The air keeps the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon 把 keeps 改为 keeping Yes it is clearly that your life in your country is quite different from 把 clearly 改为 clear 3 3 虚词以添加或删除为原则 虚词以添加或删除为原则 历年的 短文改错 题中需要添加或删除的地方差不多有 3 至 4 处 这些需要添 删的词一般都是虚词 如冠词 介词等 不是实词 如动词 名词等 否则会改变句子的原意 例如 They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early 删去 that He was looking for a glass the cupboard the 前面加 in 4 4 以保持句子原意不变为原则 以保持句子原意不变为原则 做 短文改错 题时 一般不应改变句子原意 改错时 应该针对短文中的用词错误 语法错误 逻辑错误加以改正 不应更改作者的原意 做到换 词不改意 加词不增意 去词不减意 如有多种改法 应以保持原意为条件 择其佳者而从 之 例如 But I have spent most my money so I cannot 改正 在 my 前加 of 也有同学去掉 most 这种改法虽改正了语法错误 但改变了原意 作者想说的是 花掉了大部分的钱 而不是全 部 时刻保持巅峰状态 力争做第一 5 三 实施 四查法 1 1 左顾右盼查名词 左顾右盼查名词 考生应注意搜寻名词之前及其本身出现的错误 还要看该名词前面 是否缺限定词 该用何种限定词 尤其要查名词前冠词的使用情况 当名词前面有形容词修 饰时更要加倍注意 例如 Your knowledges of Greece ca