非谓语动词教案

非谓语动词非谓语动词 一 非谓语动词种类一 非谓语动词种类 在英语中 不作句子谓语 而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词 叫做非谓语动词 非谓语动 词有动词不定式 the Infinitive 动名词 the Gerund 现在分词 the Present Participle 过去 分词 the Past Participle 二 分类 二 分类 1 不定式的形式 不定式的形式 主 动被 动 一般式to writeto be written 进行式to be writing 完成式to have writtento have been written 完成进行式to have been writing 否定式not to do 1 一般式 一般式 不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后 例 如 I m glad to meet you He seems to know a lot We plan to pay a visit He wants to be an artist The patient asked to be operated on at once The teacher ordered the work to be done 2 进行式 进行式 不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生 例如 The boy pretended to be working hard He seems to be reading in his room 3 完成式 完成式 不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前 例如 I regretted to have told a lie I happened to have seen the film He is pleased to have met his friend 2 动名词的形式 动名词的形式 语 态 式 主动语态被动语态 一般式doingbeing done 完成式having donehaving been done 否定式not 动名词 1 一般式 一般式 Seeing is believing 眼见为实 2 被动式 被动式 He came to the party without being invited 他未被邀请就来到了晚会 3 完成式 完成式 We remembered having seen the film 我们记得看过这部电影 4 完成被动式 完成被动式 He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old 他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去 过 5 否定式 否定式 not 动名词动名词 I regret not following his advice 我后悔没听他的劝告 6 复合结构 物主代词 或名词所有格 复合结构 物主代词 或名词所有格 动名词动名词 He suggested our trying it once again 他建议我们再试一次 His not knowing English troubled him a lot 他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦 3 现在分词的形式 现在分词的形式 现在及 物 动 词 write不及物动词 go 分词主动语态被动语态主动语态 一般式writingbeing writtengoing 完成式having written having been writtenhaving gone 否定式not 现在分词 1 现在分词的主动语态 现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生 完 现在分词的主动语态 现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生 完 成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生 常作状语 成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生 常作状语 例如 They went to the park singing and talking 他们边唱边说向公园走去 Having done his homework he played basket ball 做完作业 他开始打兰球 2 现在分词的被动语态 一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作 完成式表示发生在谓语 现在分词的被动语态 一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作 完成式表示发生在谓语 动词之前的被动的动作 动词之前的被动的动作 The problem being discussed is very important 正在被讨论的问题很重要 Having been told many times the naughty boy made the same mistake 被告诉了好几遍 这个淘 气的孩子又犯了同一个错误 4 过去分词 过去分词 done 四 非谓语动词的句法功能 四 非谓语动词的句法功能 句子成 分 非谓语 主语表语宾语补语定语状语 不定式 动名词 极少 现在分词 过去分词 1 非谓语动词可以有名词作用 如动词不定式和动名词 在句中做主语 宾语 表语 2 非谓语动词可以有形容词作用 如动词不定式和分词 在句中做定语 表语或宾语补足 语 3 非谓语动词可以有副词作用 如动词不定式和分词 在句中作状语 一 做主语 做主语可用不定式和动名词 一 做主语 做主语可用不定式和动名词 1 非谓语做主语句型结构图 谓语谓语 其他其他 2 例句 1 To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard 2 To lose your heart means failure 注意注意 动词不定式短语作主语时 常用形式主语 it 作形式主语 It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes It means failure to lose your heart 3 Reading aloud is very helpful 朗读是很有好处的 4 Collecting stamps is interesting 集邮很有趣 注意 注意 当动名词短语作主语时常用 it 作形式主语 It s no use quarrelling 争吵是没用的 补充 补充 不定式 动名词做主语时 谓语用单数 二 做表语 做表语可用不定式 动名词 现在分词和过去分词 二 做表语 做表语可用不定式 动名词 现在分词和过去分词 1 非谓语做表语句型结构图 主语主语 is 2 例句 1 Her job is to clean the hall 不定式 2 He appears to have caught a cold 动名词 3 In the ant city the queen s job is laying eggs 现在分词 在蚂蚁王国 蚁后的工作是产卵 4 The film being shown in the cinema is exciting 现在分词 正在这家上演的电影很棒 5 The present situation is inspiring 现在分词 当前的形势鼓舞人心 辨析 辨析 be doing 既可能表示现在进行时 也可能是现在分词做表语 它们的区别在于 be doing 表示进行的动作是进行时 而表示特征时是系动词 be 与现在分词构成系表结构 6 The were frightened at the sad sight 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕 辨析 辨析 be 过去分词 如果表示状态是系表结构 如果表示被动的动作是被动语态 区别 7 The window is broken 系表 8 The window was broken by the boy 被动 注意 注意 有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的 不表示被动 只表示完成 如 boiled water 开水 fallen leaves 落叶 newly arrived goods 新到的货 the risen sun 升起的太阳 the changed world 变了的世界 A Not To do B Not Doing A to do B wh to do C doing 表示主语所处的状态 主动或进行 D done 表示主语所处的状态 被动或完成 这类过去分词有 gone come fallen risen changed arrived returned passed 等 三 做宾语 做宾语可用不定式和动名词 三 做宾语 做宾语可用不定式和动名词 1 非谓语做宾语句型结构图 主语主语 谓语谓语 1 只能用不定式做宾语的动词 只能用不定式做宾语的动词 决心学会想希望 拒绝设法愿假装决心学会想希望 拒绝设法愿假装 主动答应选计划 同意请求帮一帮主动答应选计划 同意请求帮一帮 decide determine learn want expect hope wish refuse manage care pretend offer promise choose plan agree ask beg help 还有还有 afford strive 努力 奋斗 努力 奋斗 happen wait threaten 2 只能用动名词做宾语的动词 考虑建议盼原谅 承认推迟没得想 避免错过继续练 否认完成就欣赏 禁止想象才冒险 不禁介意准逃亡 consider suggest advise look forward to excuse pardon admit delay put off fancy 想象 设想 avoid miss keep keep on practice deny finish enjoy appreciate forbid imagine risk can t help mind allow permit escape 还有 be used accustomed to lead to devote to go back to stick to object to 反对 3 有些动词后既可接不定式 也可接 V ing 形式作宾语 但含义不同 go on doing sth 继续干同一件事 go on to do sth 接着去干另外一件事 stop doing sth 停止做某事 stop to do sth 停下来去干某事 forget doing sth 忘记已干了某事 forget to do sth 忘记要干某事 remember doing sth 记得已经干了某事 remember to do sth 记住要干某事 A to do 谓语 want hope wish offer fail plan learn pretend refuse manage help B wh to do 谓语 know decide find out forget learn remember think understand wonder C it adj to do 谓语 find D doing 谓语 deny endure escape resist suggest enjoy finish avoid excuse E it noun doing 谓语动词 find try doing sth 试着干某事 try to do sth 设法干某事 mean doing sth 意味着做某事 mean to do sth 打算干某事 can t help doing sth 禁不住干某事 can t help to do sth 不能帮助干某事 regret doing sth 后悔干了某事 regret to do sth 因要做某事而遗憾等等 would should like love prefer to do sth feel like dong sth 4 动词 want need require 作 需要 deserve 作 应受 应得 解等后接 V ing 形式的主动形式 作宾语 表示被动关系 如接不定式时 则必须用被动形式 即 need doing need to be done 5 be worth doing sth 值得被 用主动表被动 be worthy to be done be worthy of being done 5 不定式作介词宾语 介词 expect but other than 之后接不定式时 如果介词前有实义动词 do 则 expect but other than 后接不带 to 的不定式 反之 如果 except but 前没有实义动词 do 则不定 式要带 to 1 She has no choice but to wait for the news 2 The man can do everything but speak French 3 I have no choice but to stay here 4 He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike 6 在动词 allow advise forbid permit consider 后直接跟动名词作宾语 如果后面有名词或代词作宾 语 则用动词不定式做宾语补足语 sb to do sth allow permit forbid advise consider doing sth 7 tell show understand explain teach learn advise discuss ask decide wonder find out 常接 how what whether where when who to do sth 但 why 后不加 to 的不定式 We must decide whether to stay or go Can you tell me why do it 四 做宾语补足语 做宾语补足语可用不定式 现在分词和过去分词 四 做宾语补足语 做宾语补足语可用不定式 现在分词和过去分词 1 非谓语做宾补句型结构图 主语主语 谓语谓语 sb A to do 谓语 want wish ask tell order beg permit help advise B do 谓语 see watch hear feel find get keep notice observe have let make C doing 谓语 see watch hear feel find get keep notice observe D done 谓语 see watch hear feel find get keep notice observe 愿意做某事 2 动词不定式可充当宾语补足语 如下动词常跟这种复合宾语 want wish ask tell order beg permit help advise persuade allow prepare cause force call on wait for invite 此外 介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用 如 1 With a lot of work to do he didn t go to the cinema 有些动词如 make let see watch hear feel have 等与不带有 to 的不定式连用 但改为被动语态时 不定式要加 to 如 2 I saw him cross the road 3 He was seen to cross the road 口诀 吾看三室两厅一感觉 look at see watch notice observe make let have listen to hear feel 3 如下动词后可跟分词作宾语补足语 see watch hear feel find get keep notice observe listen to look at leave catch 等 例如 4 Can you hear her singing the song in the next room 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗 5 He kept the car waiting at the gate 他让小汽车在门口等着 6 I heard the song sung several times last week 上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次 有时过去分词做 with 短语中的宾语补足语 7 With the work done they went out to play 工作做完了 他们出去玩去了 五 做定语 五 做定语 1 非谓语短语做定语句型结构图 名词名词 说明 1 选 A 与被修饰词之间构成主谓和动宾关系 且表示将来的含义 2 选 B 与被修饰词之间构成主谓关系 且表示进行的含义 3 选 C 与被修饰词之间构成动宾关系 且表示完成的含义 4 选 D 与被修饰词之间构成动宾关系 且表示进行的含义 5 选 E 与被修饰词之间构成动宾关系 且表示将来的含义 6 A E 的区别 选 A 在句中有 do 的逻辑主语 选 D 在句中无 do 的逻辑主语 2 不定式做定语 不定式做定语 动词不定式做定语 放在所修饰的名词或代词后 与所修饰名词有如下关系 1 动宾关系 1 I have a meeting to attend 注意 注意 不定式为不及物动词时 所修饰的名词如果是地点 工具等 应有必要的介词 如 A to do 主动主动 被动 将来被动 将来 B doing 主动主动 进行进行 C done 被动被动 完成完成 D being done 被动被动 进行进行 E to be done 被动被动 将来将来 2 He found a good house to live in 3 The child has nothing to worry about 4 What did you open it with 如果不定式修饰如果不定式修饰 time place way 可以省略介词 可以省略介词 5 He has no place to live 6 This is the best way to work out this problem 如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者 不定式可用主动式也可用被动式 如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者 不定式可用主动式也可用被动式 7 Have you got anything to sent 主语发出寄的动作 8 Have you got anything to be sent 主语不发出寄的动作 另外的人发出这个动作 2 说明所修饰名词的内容 9 We have made a plan to finish the work 3 被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语 10 He is the first to get here 不定式可用在不定式可用在 the first the second 以及以及 the last the only 和最高级等后面作定语和最高级等后面作定语 She likes to listen to Mr Li s lessons so she is always the first to come and the last to leave 3 动名词做定语 动名词做定语 1 He can t walk without a walking stick 他没有拐杖不能走路 2 Is there a swimming pool in your school 你们学校有游泳池吗 4 现在分词做定语 现在分词做定语 现在分词作定语 在含义上表主动或进行 也可表示经常性 习惯性的动作 当分词单独做定语时 放在所修饰的名词前放在所修饰的名词前 如 The changing world 正在发生的世界 如果是分词如果是分词 短语做定语放在名词后 短语做定语放在名词后 1 In the following years he worked even harder 在后来的几年中 他学习更努力了 2 The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor s father 正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲 5 过去分词做定语 过去分词做定语 过去分词所表示的动作 往往是已经完成的动作如 the changed world 已 经起了变化的世界 通常单个的过去分词作前置定语 过去分词短语作后置定语通常单个的过去分词作前置定语 过去分词短语作后置定语 Developed countries a crowded room illness caused by the accident the photos taken in the zoo 有少数单个过去分 词 如如 left given 等 常作后置定语 等 常作后置定语 1 There will only be standing room left for us next century 2 The books given are well worth reading 3 Our class went on an organized trip last Monday 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行 4 Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting 当选为委员的人将出席这次会 注意当过去分词是单词时 一般用于名词前 如果是过去分词短语 就放在名词的后面 六 做状语 六 做状语 1 非谓语做状语句型结构图 1 状语置于主句前 A Not To do 主谓 主谓 目的 目的 B Not Doing 主谓主谓 时间 原因 条件和让步时间 原因 条件和让步 C Not Having done 主谓主谓 谓语之前的动作谓语之前的动作 D Not Done 动宾动宾 原因 时间 条件 让步和伴随 原因 时间 条件 让步和伴随 E Not Having been done 动宾动宾 谓语之前的动作谓语之前的动作 主语主语 谓语谓语 其他其他 说明 1 选择 A B C 时句子的主语与非谓语的主语构成主谓关系 选择 D E 时句子的主语与非谓语 的主语构成动宾关系 2 选择 A 时做目的状语 意为 为了 3 选择 B 时表示时间 原因 条件和让步 4 选择 C 时表示非谓语的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前 5 DE 的区别为 E 的动作明显在主句动作之前 而 D 并不强调 1 做时间状语 doing done having done having been done 1 a satisfactory operation the patient recovered from illness very quickly A Having been givenB Having given C Giving D Being given 2 a satisfactory operation the doctor believed the patient would recover from his illness very soon A Having been givenB Having given C Giving D Being given 3 with the threat of water shortages Beijing and Shanghai are taking effective measures to save water and protect water resources A FaceB Faced C FacingD To face 4 Whenif she would request a rise the actress noted that money was not important A asked B being asked C having askedD asking 5 Whendifferent cultures we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities A comparedB being compared C comparingD having compared 6 how to do the homework I went to ask my teacher for help A Not to know B Not knowing C Knowing not D Not known 2 表目的 to do 1 out of the difficult situation the restaurant is now making efforts to improve the quality of service A GettingB Got C Having gotD To get 2 the mixture the teacher showed it around the classroom A To see B More students to see C For more students to seeD Seen 4 表原因 doing done 1 Mary had to stay at home to look after her A Being illB To be ill C Her mother was illD Her mother being ill 2 by his grandparents Jimmy wasn t used to living with his parents A To bring upB To be brought up C Brought up D Being brought up 3 all her spare time to her study during the three years she finally took the first place in her school in the College Entrance Examination and received the admission notice from her dream university A DevotedB Having devoted C To be devotedD She had devoted 4 good and sweet this kind of apple was soon sold out in the market A TastedB Tasting C Having been tastedD Being tasted 5 tomorrow s lessons I have no time to go out with you A Not preparing B Not prepare C Not being prepared D Not having prepared 5 做方式和伴随 doing 1 their students the famous teacher came into the hall A Followed B Followed by C Being followed D Having been followed 2 and short of breath Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai A To be tired B Tired C Tiring D Being tired 3 their hats into the air the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory A To throw B Thrown C Throwing D Being thrown 4 and happy Tony stood up and accepted the prize A Surprising B Surprised C Being surprised D To be surprising 6 做条件状语 doing done 1 If to a high temperature water can be turned into vapour A heat B to heat C heating D heated 2 to the right you will find the house you are looking for You cannot miss it A You turnB Turn C To be turningD Turning 3 the past our life is much better A Comparing with B Be compared with C To compare with D Compared with 4 Unless to speak you should remain silent at the conference A invited B inviting C being invited D having invited 7 做让步状语 doing done 1 Thoughto stop to take a rest the farmer went on working till sunset A toldB being told C telling D having told 2 that she didn t do a good job I don t think I am abler than her A To have said B Having said C To say D Saying 3 Though money his parents managed to send him to university A lacked B lacking of C lackingD lacked in 8 独立成分 doing to do 1 from media reports the result has been unclear A To judgeB Having judged C JudgingD Judged 2 everything into consideration the result is better than A Taking expectedB Taken expected C To take expectingD Taking expecting 9 与逻辑主语构成独立主格 doing done I waiting for the bus a bird fell on my head 我等汽车时 一只鸟落到我头上 All the tickets having been sold out they went away disappointedly 所有的票已经卖光了 他们失望地 离开了 Time permitting we ll do another two exercises 如果时间允许 我们将做另两个练习 有时也可用 with without 名词 代词宾格 分词形式 With the lights burning he fell asleep 他点着灯睡着了 All books returned at the end of the term the library assistant was satisfied 所有的书期末时都还了 图 书管理员很高兴 The field ploughed he began to spread seed 地耕好了 他开始撒种子 2 状语置于主句后 主语主语 谓语谓语 其他 其他 说明 1 选择 A B 时句子的主语与非谓语的主语构成主谓关系 2 选择 A 时做目的状语 意为 为了 但做目的状语在句子后面一般不用逗号 3 选择 B 时表示伴随 结果和目的 A not to do 主谓 主谓 目的不用逗号隔开目的不用逗号隔开 结果 结果 B not doing 主谓 主谓 伴随 结果和目的 伴随 结果和目的 C not done 动宾 动宾 伴随 结果和目的 伴随 结果和目的 D D not Having done 主谓主谓 谓语之前的动作谓语之前的动作 E not to have done 主谓主谓 谓语之前的动作谓语之前的动作 原因原因 4 这种句式不用 CE 做状语 2 非谓语动词做状语例句 1 做时间状语 doing done 1 A Turkish Airlines plane crashed while to land at Amsterdam s Schipol Airport A having attempted B to be attempted C attempting D attempted 2 I got to the office early that day the 7 30 train from Paddington A having caught B caught C to catch D catch 2 表目的 to do doing 1 Brandon worked for hours after school money for her education A making B made C to makeD having made 2 He sent me the e mail to get some further information for his research A hopedB hoping C to hopeD hope 3 I wouldn t want to go back an employee now that I havc been selfemploye A to be B have been C be D to being 4 Napoleon spoke so loudly as to in front of his soldiers A hear B be heard C listen D be listened 5 Schools across China are expected to hire 50 000 college graduates this year as short term teachers almost three times the number hired last year reduce unemployment pressures 5 A help B to have helped 6 C to help D having helped 3 表结果 to do doing 1 The storm left a lot of damage to this area 全 1 A caused B to have caused C to cause D having caused 2 The three nations were wise enough notthe agreement until they could discuss it further A to signB signing C having signedD to have signed 3 Dinosaurs have completely died out on the earth never again A to be seen B being seen C seen D having been seen 4 What made me sad was that I went to see her the day before yesterday her dead on her bed A to findB finding C foundD find 5 It rained continuously for a week completely our holiday A ruining B to ruin C ruined D ruins 6 The young men hurried to the restaurant only the singer had left A to tell B to be told C telling D told 7 In April 2009 President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy K A marking B marked C having marked D being marked K 4 表原因 to do doing done 1 Good bye Mr Jones I m pleased A for meeting you B to meet you C to have been meeting you D to have met you 2 We often provide our children with toys footballs or basketballs that all children like these things 全国 3 A thinking B think C to think D thought 5 做方式状语 表示伴随 doing 1 She came in by a group of children A following B followed C to follow D follow 2 As the light turned green I stood for a moment not and asked myself what I was going to do A moved B moving C to move D being moved 3 The manager finished the whole day s work and stood up himself A stretching B stretched C stretch D to stretch 4 The student corrected his paper carefully the professor s suggestions A follow B following C followed D being followed 5 Towards evening the patient opened his mouth as if something to his son A said B say C to say D to have said 6 做条件状语 doing done 1 He won t attend the meeting unlessto give a speech A invited B inviting C being invited D he will be invited 2 Michael s new house is like a huge palace with his old one A comparing B compares C to compare D compared 7 做让步状语 doing done 三 非谓语动词使用注意事项三 非谓语动词使用注意事项 一 不定式的用法注意下几点 1 下列短语后接不带 to 的不定式 had better would rather why not cannot help but 及 rather than other than 等 In that case there is nothing you ca