高考英语语法基础考前快速复习-情态动词和虚拟语气

嘉兴英语教学网 收集整理 欢迎使用 第 1 页 共 4 页 2012 高考英语考前高考英语考前 10 天语法过一遍天语法过一遍 八 情态动词和虚拟语气八 情态动词和虚拟语气 情态动词情态动词 I 情态动词基本用法 情态 动词 用 法否定式疑问式简答式 can can not cannot can t do could 能力 体力 智 力 技能 允许或许可 口 语中常用 可能性 表猜测 用于否定句或疑 问句中 couldn t do Can do Yes can No can t maymay not do May do Yes may No mustn t can t might 可以 问句中表 示请求 可能 或许 表 推测 祝愿 用于倒装 句中 might not doMight do Yes might No might not must 必须 应该 表 主观要求 肯定 想必 肯 定句中表推测 must not mustn t do Must do to Yes must No needn t don t have have to 只好 不得不 客观的必须 有时态和人称的 变化 don t have to doDo have to do Yes do No don t ought to 应当 表示义务 责任 口语中多 用 should ought not to oughtn t to do Ought to do Yes ought No oughtn t shall 用于一三人称征 求对方意见 用于二三人称表 示许诺 命令 警告 威胁等 shall not shan t doShall do Yes shall No shan t should 应当 应该 表 义务责任 本该 含有责备 意味 should not shouldn t do Should do willwill not won t do would 意愿 决心 请求 建议 用 在问句中 would 比较委婉 would not wouldn t do Will Would do Yes will No won t dare 敢 常用于否定 句和疑问句中 dare not daren t doDare do Yes dare No daren t need 需要 必须 常用 于否定句和疑问 句中 need not needn t do Need do Yes must No needn t used to 过去常常 现在 已不再 used not usedn t usen t to do didn t use to do Used to do Did use to do Yes used No use d n t Yes did No didn t II 情态动词的重点知识 表示 能力 许可 的 can 和 may 表示能力的情态动词用 can could A computer think for itself it must be told what to do A can t B mustn t C may not D might not 嘉兴英语教学网 收集整理 欢迎使用 第 2 页 共 4 页 表示许可时用 may might can could 都 可以 但在问句中用 could 或 might 以使口气委婉客气 其回答 一定要用 can 或 may 以使回答口气明 确 must 表示一定 必须 mustn t 表 示禁止 不许可 Could I call you by your first name Yes you A will B could C may D might Johnny you play with the knife you hurt yourself A won t can t B mustn t may C shouldn t must D can t shouldn t 在肯定句中 could 不可以用来表示过去 某一特定场合的能力 而要用 was were able to The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone get out A had to B would C could D was able to 在肯定句中都可以用来表示可能 在含 义上 must 语气最肯定 may 表示的是事 实上的可能性 Peter come with us tonight but he isn t very sure yet A must B may C can D will 而 can 表示的是逻辑上的可能性 Mary is in poor health She can be ill at any times 在否定句中只能用 can 和 may 所以 can t 时用以代替 mustn t 语气比 may 更肯定 中文可以翻译为不可能 Michael be a policeman for he s much too short A needn t B can t C should D may 表示 推断 判断 的 can may must 在疑问句只能用 can 不能用 may 和 must He may be very busy now Can he be very busy now He must be very busy now Can he be very busy now need need 作为情态动词只有一种形式 只用 于否定句和疑问句 dare dare 作为情态动词用时有两种形式 dare 和 dared 两个词形 除了可以用于 否定句和疑问句外 还可以用于条件从 句或表示怀疑的句子中 If he dare come I will kick him out I don t know whether he dare say 注意 He doesn t dare to answer the question 否定句 Does she dare to enter the dark room 疑问句 用于第一人称 征求对方的意见 What shall we do this evening shall用于第二 三人称 警告 命令 允诺 威胁等 You shall fail if you don t work harder 警告 He shall have the book when I finish reading 允诺 He shall be punished 威胁 should 劝告 建议 命令 应该做 道义上的 责任 You should ought to go to class right away I should ought to help him because he is in trouble 请求 建议 would 比 will 委婉客气 Would you pass me the book 表示意志 愿望和决心 I will never do that again They asked us if we would do that again would 可表示过去反复发生的动作或某 种倾向 During the vacation he would visit me every week The wound would not heal 伤口老是不能愈合 will would would 表示估计或猜想 It would be about ten when he left home What would she be doing there could have done 本可以做而实际上未 能做 You could have done better but you didn t try your best cannot have done 表示对现在或过去 行为的否定推测 He cannot have been to that town can 主语主语 have done 表示对过去行为 的怀疑或不肯定 用在疑问句中 Can he have got the book might may have done 对过去发生的 行为不太肯定的推测 He may not have finished the work If we had taken the other road we might have arrived earlier 情态动词 have done 的用法 must have done 对过去发生的行为肯 定的推测 其否定式为 cannot have done You must have seen the film You cannot have seen the film 嘉兴英语教学网 收集整理 欢迎使用 第 3 页 共 4 页 needn t have done 本来不必要做的而 实际上又做了 You needn t have watered the flowers for it is going to rain 注意 注意 didn t need to have to do 没有必要做而实际上也没有做 I didn t need to clean the windows My sister did it 2 hours ago should ought to have done 本来应该 做而实际上又没有做 其否定形式表示 某中行为不该发生却发生了 You should have started earlier but you didn t She shouldn t have taken away my measuring tape for I worked to use it 注意 He should have finished the work by now 表推测 虚拟语气虚拟语气 类 别用 法例 句 与现在事 实相反 从句动词 过去式 be 用 were 主句动词 should would could might do If he were here he would help us 与过去事 实相反 从句动词 had done 主句动词 should would could might have done If I had been free I would have visited you If 引导的 条件从句 与将来事 实相反 从句动词 过去式 should 动词原形 were to do 主句动词 should would could might 动词原形 If it should rain tomorrow we would not go camping 省略 if 的虚拟条 件句 将虚拟条件从句中的 were had should 放到主语之前 构成主谓倒装 Should he come tell him to ring me up Were I you I would not do it Had I been free I would have visited you 不同时间的虚拟 各遵守各的规 则 If he had listened to me he would not be in trouble now If he had told me yesterday I should know what to do now If I were you I would have gone to her birthday party 混合虚拟 条件句 虚拟与陈述的混合 各遵守各的 规则 He could have passed the exam but he wasn t careful enough You should have come earlier The bus left a moment ago but for 名词表示 虚拟条件 But for your timely warning we into great trouble You know we re friends A would get B must have got C would have got D can t have got without 名词表 示虚拟条件 Without the air to hold some of the sun s heat the earth at night would be freezing cold 含蓄虚拟 条件句 动词不定式表示 虚拟条件 句子或主句句子或主句 中的谓语动中的谓语动 词的形式视词的形式视 具体情况而具体情况而 定 这是考定 这是考 查考生应变查考生应变 能力的最佳能力的最佳 试题 试题 It would be only partly right to follow in this way 如果用这种方式 仅仅对了一半 嘉兴英语教学网 收集整理 欢迎使用 第 4 页 共 4 页 现在分词表示虚 拟条件 Having known in time we might have prevented the accident 要是及时得知的话 我们也许能阻止这场 事故 过去分词表示虚 拟条件 Given more attention the tree could have grown better 如果多留心的话 这树本来可以长的更好 副词 otherwise 表示虚拟条件 I was too busy at that time Otherwise I would have called you 我当时太忙 否则我就给你打电话了 连词 but 连接的 句子表示虚拟条 件 He fatter but he eats too little A would become B would have become C must become D must have become as if as though 引导的状语从句 中动词用 did 或 had done 或 would could might do 注意 注意 as if as though 引导的状引导的状 语从句中也可以用陈述语气 语从句中也可以用陈述语气 当说话者认为所述的是真实的或当说话者认为所述的是真实的或 极有可能发生或存在的事实时 极有可能发生或存在的事实时 It sounds as if it is raining 听起 听起 来像是在下雨 来像是在下雨 He talks as if he is drunk 从他谈 从他谈 话的样子来看他是醉了 话的样子来看他是醉了 与现在事实相反与现在事实相反 He talks as if he knew where she was 与过去事实相反与过去事实相反 He talks about Rome as if he had been there before 与将来事实相反与将来事实相反 He opened his mouth as if he would say something 其它 状语从句 in order that so that 引导的状语 从句中动词用