模联培训资料-英文(英文文件汇总).doc

Model United NationsInternational Collaboration on Natural DisastersNanjing University Of Aeronautics And Astronautics2010-11-3I. Welcome Letter Dear Delegates and Faculty Advisors: Welcome to the General Assembly in the Model United Nations held in Nanjing University Of Aeronautics And Astronautics. We are the Dias of the General Assembly and we will be your loyalist companions during the two-day conference. We assure you that we will try every effort to offer you an excellent platform to for you to solve a global problemInternational Collaboration on Natural Disasters. There is no denying that natural disasters damage the social and economic infrastructure of all countries. This severe hazard has already been a very dangerous obstacle to the development of human social and economy and also the insurance of human rights. Earthquakes, tsunamis, tornados, famine and so on, these names has taken away millions lives of human beings in the history. How to avoid such tragedies repeating themselves is a question for all of you to answer in this conference. We hope that every one of you will fully enjoy being a delegate who represents a nation and try to protect the national interest while managing to solve the issue. You will give speeches, debate with other delegates, and wring papersdoing all the work of a real delegate in the United Nations. We hope you will enjoy being a Muner! Good luck and see you in November! General Assembly Dias Members 2010 Nanjing University Of Aeronautics And Astronautics Of Aeronautics And Astronautics Model United Nations Conference.Brief Introduction and Conference Agenda南京航空航天大学外国语学院模拟联合国参会指南一、活动主题：南航外院2010年模拟联合国大会二、活动简介：模拟联合国是一个具有全球性视角的学生活动。以拓宽学生视野,锻炼学生综合性能力为宗旨,以培养国际性人才为目标，是一项健康积极、极富教育意义的学生活动。模拟联合国中所探讨的涉及裁军、环保和社会发展等诸多方面的国际议题多具有跨学科的性质，这有助于加强跨学科的交流。三活动目的：为了给同学们创造一个平台，让同学们能释放自己对模拟联合国活动的热情，提高英语及汉语表达能力，组织、策划、管理的能力，研究和写作的能力，公开发言和辩论的能力，解决冲突、求同存异的能力，与人沟通交往等多方面能力，全面提高自身修养，培养世界眼光。四、主办单位：学生处，南航外国语学院学生会五、活动时间：英文场：2010.11.3 13：00六、活动地点：艺术中心多功能厅七、活动对象：全体在校学生（要求：关心时事，有一定的政治见解、良好的交流能力、口才和临场应变能力）八、活动流程：第一部分：开始，介绍主席团和代表队第二部分：正式活动开始（流程详见模联具体流程介绍）第三部分：评委点评第四部分：新闻发布会（宣布投票结果及评委评出的最佳团队奖和最佳表现奖）第五部分：颁奖仪式，活动结束南京航空航天大学外院团委学生会 2010年10月. Statement of the Problem 1.委员会：联合国大会United Nations General Assembly 2.议题：自然灾害的全球互助 International Collaboration on Natural Disasters3.国家：英文场：中国，美国，英国，法国，俄罗斯，智利，海地，澳大利亚，德国，伊朗，印度，沙特阿拉伯，南非，苏丹（14个国家）After the devastating earthquake hit China in 12th of May 2008, the humanitarian assistance of the international society soon arrived in China, along with great sympathy from all over the globe. However, if we look back into recent years, we will be astounded to see a list of event which relating to natural disasters ravaging countries of the international society. Cyclone Nargis in Myanmar, typhoon Fengshen in Philippines, Tropical Storm Arthur in Latin America & The Caribbean, flash floods in Afghanistan, volcano eruption in Colombia, earthquake in Kyrgyzstan, and of course the new-arrival Haiti earthquake, the list goes on and on. Facing these severe disasters, every single country is fragile, but countries will be much stronger if united. With the coming of the globalization era, we live in a shared risk society. Since global environmental security has been seen as a global public good, how to act for global crisis management under the logic of collective action has become a primary subject for the global actors. Thanks to much effort given by lots of people , the regional cooperation has already been on its way. For instance, according to the tremendous damage resulted from the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004 and the engagement of disaster recovered and reduction from global society, above issues will be discussed through the case of Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System. It is a useful system to prohibit such huge damage caused by tsunami from happening again. In conclusion, it is highly possible and necessary to establish an analytically framework to explore the relationships between international organizations on the issue of reduce the effect of natural disaster and about how to improve the global cooperation in disaster reduction. Background Materials Haiti Earthquake Time: 16:53:10, 12 January 2010 Countries and regions affected: Haiti Death toll of the 2010 Haiti earthquake, according to RNW findings: Buried Unrecovered bodies Total Government estimates Logne 3,364 1,636 5,000 20,000-30,000 Petit-Gove, Grand-Gove andGressier 1,347 20 1,367 ? Jacmel ? ? 400 4,000 main cemetery 18,000 18,000 ? other cemeteries 7,000 7,000 ? mass graves in Titanyen 13,000-20,000 13,000-20,000 ? Total buried victims 62,000 ? Bodies still under the rubble 30,000 30,000 ? Total death toll estimate 91,767 230,000 Description: Haiti is the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, and is ranked 149th of 182 countries on the Human Development Index. The Australian governments travel advisory site had previously expressed concerns that Haitian emergency services would be unable to cope in the event of a major disaster, and the country is considered economically vulnerable by the Food and Agriculture Organization. It is no stranger to natural disasters; in addition to earthquakes, it has been struck frequently by cyclones, which have caused flooding and widespread damage. The most recent cyclones to hit the island before the earthquake were Tropical Storm Fay and Hurricanes Gustav, Hanna and Ike, all in the summer of 2008, causing nearly 800 deaths. The damage to infrastructure in the 2010 Haiti earthquake was extensive and affected areas included Port-au-Prince, Petit-Gove, Logne, Jacmel and other settlements in southwestern Haiti. 250,000 residences and 30,000commercial buildings had collapsed or were severely damaged. 90% percent of the buildings in Logne had been destroyed andLogne had to be totally rebuilt. Many notable landmark buildings were significantly damaged or destroyed, including the Presidential Palace, the National Assembly building, the Port-au-Prince Cathedral, and the main jail. Half the nations 15,000 primary schools and 1,500 secondary schools were severely damaged or destroyed. In addition, the three main universities in Port-au-Prince were also severely damaged. It would take half a day to make a trip of a few miles. The roads would also crisscross haphazardly due to disorganized construction. Humanitarian responses: From the UN: The World Bank provided extra funding of $100 million to support recovery and reconstruction in Haiti. The Security Council authorized an increase of 3,500 troops and police of the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti in Resolution 1908. World Health Organization - Sent a 12-member team of health and logistics experts. World Food Programme - Over 200 staff members on the ground, and their rapid-response team is currently supporting the entire humanitarian effort. International Atomic Energy Agency - Sent eight mobile medical X-ray machines to Haiti. The Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs has established a coordination office in Haiti to coordinate the international relief effort in support of the Government of Haiti. From the EU: The EU is providing 122 million in humanitarian assistance: Emergency relief aid package = 30 million. Commission funds are distributed via UN agencies, international NGOs and the Red Cross. 92 million from member countries. The European Commission will provide 100 million for short-term recovery and rehabilitation. The European Commission will provide 200 million from the 10th and 9th EDF funds for Haiti. This will be in addition to bilateral contributions from EU Member States budgets. The European Union pledged at least EUR 429 million to Haiti in both emergency humanitarian aid to help medium and long term work of rebuilding the country devastated by the earthquake. In addition, the 27 countries decided to send some 150 troops from the European Gendarmerie to ensure humanitarian aid reaches the people affected by the earthquake. From China: The Peoples Republic of China sent a 60-member rescue team (National Earthquake Disaster Emergency Rescue Team) following the quake, as well as US$1M. China donated additional US$4.41 million in humanitarian aid. On January 21, China announced that it was donating an additional $2.6 million in cash to quake-hit Haiti and it would send a 40-member medical care and epidemic prevention team to the Caribbean country. A medical assistance station has been set up by the Chinese rescue team in Port-au-Prince. From the US: President Barack Obama pledged an initial US$100 million in aid. The aid amount was later raised to $379 million. The aid is distributed through the military and through the U.S. Agency for International DevelopmentThe expected breakdown of aid was: 42% for direct disaster assistance 33% for U.S. military aid 9% for food 9% to transport the food 5% for paying Haitian survivors employed in recovery efforts less than 1% directly to the Haitian government about 0.5% to the Dominican Republic for dealing with Haitian refugees. From NGOs: Oxfam International - International relief and development agency Oxfam International swung into action to raise emergency funds to assist relief and rehabilitation efforts on the ground. Oxfam is committed to assisting in the rebuilding efforts in Haiti, and the agency will be on the ground for the long haul. This along with the immediate response of providing clean water, shelter, and sanitation means that the level of need continues to be great. International Red Cross - sent tons of supplies, hundreds of personnel, and field hospitals. The number of emergency teams sent to Haiti equals the total sent to all 14 countries affect by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. SOS Children delivered 21 tons of aid to Haiti by road as of 21 January. They also brought supplies to Haiti by cargo plane and have around 60 staff present there. In support of their work, they received a 1 million donation from HSBC, and Swedish businessman Roger Hakelius donated US $14 million to support and educate approximately 400 orphan children in Haiti over a 25-year period. Humanity First particularly from Canada, USA and UK set out teams of doctors to Haiti. 10,000 patients have been seen so far by the team of doctors. The Humanity First team has also shipped 5 tons of aid to Haiti. It has also deployed water infrastructure at a camp to provide daily water to 7,000 people and is in the process of installing 2 more filtration units elsewhere. Indian Ocean Tsunami Time：December 26, 2004 Place: Indian Ocean Damage: On December 26, 2004, a magnitude 9.0 undersea earthquake off the west coast of northern Sumatra, Indonesia, unleashed a tsunami that affected more than 12 countries throughout south and southeast Asia and stretched as far as the northeastern African coast. Current official estimates indicate that more than 250,000 people are dead or missing and millions of others are affected, including those injured or displaced, making this the deadliest tsunami on record. The worlds largest insurance company Munich Re estimated the economic impact of the Tsunami to be 10 billion euros (A$17 billion) Description: At 07.58 Aceh time on 26 December 2004, the biggest earthquake for 40 years struck off the west coast of Northern Sumatra. The earthquake led to the most destructive series of tsunamis in recorded history. Sections of Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, and Thailand have suffered the worst devastation. The waves, while not very big in deep water, slowed down and grew in size as they reached shallower water near land. The tsunamis killed people in 14 counties around the Indian Ocean. In terms of lives lost and people missing, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India and Thailand were the hardest hit. Experts have said this is the most powerful earthquake in 40 years and the fourth (and perhaps the second) most deadly in the last century. Estimates of the dead make it the worst tsunami disaster on record Humanitarian responses: 1. Society People were mostly dominated by the government. As an immediate response Swiss Red Cross supported a comprehensive relief operation by distributing food items, cooking sets and temporary shelters in Karaikal district of Pondicherry. Actions including emergency evacuation had been put into practice and nations all over the world provided over US$7 billion in aid for damaged regions. However, the destruction of transportation infrastructure has made it difficult to extend assistance to all of the affected areas. 2. Government As news of this natural disaster broke, it sparked an extraordinary mobilization of resources for humanitarian relief and assistance by private citizens, corporations and governments in the affected countries and beyond. In the days following the tsunami, the government tookinitial quick response. 696,392 people were rescued and evacuated while 783 relief camps were set up. Surviving doctors, nurses and paramedics rendered first aid in makeshift or remaining health facilities. Significant effort was spent in undertaking debris removal and disposal of dead bodies. Gratuitous relief and restoring essential services like power, water supply was provided as soon as possible. 3. Media In late December, many factors combined to make the tsunami a key news story that generated enormous media coverage: the lack of other news stories; the time of year; the involvement of Western tourists; the geographical range of the tsunami; the daily climbing death toll; the availability of dramatic amateur footage of the waves hitting shore; and the celebrities who perished or survived. The tsunami was probably the most reported disaster up to that date. The tsunami dominated the internet as well. All of this media attention, together with the time of year, the level of association with those affected and familiarity with some of the affected countries, prompted an unprecedented flood of both official and private funding and of material assistance. 4. UN Less than two weeks since tsunamis struck on 26 December, the support of the United Nations Volunteers (UNV) programme and presence of UN Volunteers continues to mount in the devastated countries in the Indian Ocean region. In the affected areas of India, Indonesia, the Maldives and Sri Lanka, several teams of UN Volunteers are assisting in relief efforts in collaboration with a number of UN organizations, including the UN refugee agency (UNHCR), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). They are also supporting local and national governments in disaster information collection and damage and relief need assessments. 5. NGO The NGOs including the Red Cross and other organizations, all reacted in an admirably fast response before the government took measure; the NGOs had organized small-ranged search and rescue, soon they cooperate with other relief forces. However, it was the affected communities themselves who generally provided the initial emergency response. Some NGOs gave very low priority to integrating their activities into larger programmes and coordinating them with other actors. Reconstruction: Reconstruction of affected areas has been addressed in the Emergency Tsunami Reconstruction Project. This report will support in: a) reconstruction of housing and public buildings, and revival of livelihoods in fisheries, agriculture and animal husbandry; bcapacity building in housing reconstruction and coastal zone management, along with technical assistance to implement the program. Meanwhile A&D has undertaken reconstruction project in India as a post-tsunami response. This project mainly considers the people who have been affected by the December 2004 Tsunami but were left out by the government lists as well as the other NGOs working in the area. The project mainly focuses on: 1) Construction of houses in villages 2) Construction of Community Centers in several villages 3) A series of participatory micro-projects 4) A series of capacity building programmes in different villages 5) Empowerment of traditional fisher folk through introducing them into a collective process of Co-operatives. Sichuan Earthquake Time: 14:28:01.42 CST (06:28:01.42 UTC) on May 12, 2008 Location: Wenchuan, Sichuan province of China Damage: 68,000 people killed, 374,176 injured, 18,222 listed as missing at least; cost to rebuild disaster areas will be more than 845.1 billion yuan(about $120 billion). Description: The 2008 Sichuan earthquake or the Great Sichuan Earthquake was a deadly earthquake that measured at 8.0 Ms and 7.9 Mw. It is also known as the Wenchuan earthquake, after the location of the earthquakes epicenter, Wenchuan County in Sichuan province. The epicenter was 80 kilometers (50 mi) west-northwest of Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan, with a depth of 19 kilometers (12 mi). The earthquake was also felt in nearby countries and as far away as both Beijing and Shanghai1,500 kilometers (932 mi) and 1,700 kilometers (1,056 mi) awaywhere office buildings swayed with the tremor. Official figures (as of July 21, 2008 12:00 CST) state that 69,197 are confirmed dead, including 68,636 in Sichuan province, and 374,176 injured, with 18,222 listed as missing. The earthquake left about 4.8 million people homeless, though the number could be as high as 11 million. Approximately 15 million people lived in the affected