裕兴新概念英语第二册笔记 第08课.doc

Lesson 8 The best and the worstNew words and expressionscompetitionkmpitin n.比赛,竞赛neatni:t adj.整齐的,整洁的pathp: n.小路,小径woodenwudn adj.木头的poolpu:l n.水池competition kmpitinn.比赛,竞赛(contest)She came first in the beauty competition.她在选美比赛得了第一名.boxing competition拳击赛chess competition棋类赛competition between ( two parties )双方之间的比赛competition with sb for sth与竞争,角逐The competition between Joe and Bill for “the best garden prize”. - Joe competed with Bill for “the best garden” petition between bidders for the valuable paintingcompetev. kmpi:tcompete against sb/compete with sb与比赛,和竞争Several companies are competing against each other for the contract.lions contract单方面的契约源自competitor kmpetit n.竞争者,比赛者,对手This firm provides better service than its petitive kmpetitiv adj.竞争的,竞争性的competitive spirit竞争心,竞争意识competent kmpitnt 有能力的competencekmpitns n.能力She is competent for (doing) the task. -She is competent to do the task.neat ni:t adj.整齐的,整洁的,有序的a neat rooma neat gardena neat roada neat writing书写整洁clean adj.干净的,无杂质的clean handsclean aira clean roomtidy整洁的,整齐的,用法类似于neatneatadj.(口语)纯的,不搀水的,没有杂质的(美语用straight来表达)a neat whisky纯威士忌Thats neat! (Thats great!)太棒了!path p: (footpath)市镇中间,住宅之前或田野中穿越田地,沿路有标志的人行道lanelein1) 乡间小径a narrow country lane2)各自的跑道(田径场上),保龄球球道3) overtaking lane (高速公路上的)超车道road路,道路,公路country road乡村小路by road= by car or by busAll roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马.track1) (走得多而形成的路;跑道;轨道)track events径赛项目a single track单轨a double track双轨2) (车辆,人,动物等行走时留下的)踪迹,足迹,痕迹tire tracks轮胎的轨迹keep track of sb/sth与某人/某事保持联系on the right track做得对track and field田径赛be on the track of a person追赶,追踪某人street街,街道(美国指东西走向的街道)His address is 155 Smith Street.avenue vnju: 大街(美国指南北走向街道);林荫大道(Br)the Fifth avenue第五大道wooden wudnadj.木头的wood wud1) 木,木材(不可数名词)Tables are usually made of wood2) woods森林(不如forest大)go for a walk in the woods在森林中散步3) 柴禾firewood; chop woodCannot see the wood for the trees.只见树木,不见森林.knock on the wood (touch wood)西方人的一种迷信,说完好运后,敲木头,以免好运溜走.adj. 1)木制的a wooden bridge over a pool2)举止行为僵硬而笨拙的a wooden smilea wooden performancewooden spoon最后一句,末等奖I get the wooden spoon in “the Nicest Garden Competition” every year.born with a silver spoon in ones mouth生于富贵之家woody wdi: adj.木材的,木质的,象木头的pool pu:l1) 水池,水坑,水塘swimming pool游泳池pond池塘(尤指供牲口饮水或作为花园之装饰)a fish pond养鱼池lake湖2) 合伙投资We bought a computer by the pool.我们合伙买了一台电脑.Key Structures形容词,副词的比较级和最高级英语中的形容词,副词,表示”比较”和”最”这样的概念时,用特别的形式称为比较级和最高级.有两种基本构成方式:第一种是单音节的adj.或adv.变比较级或最高级直接加er或esthot-hotter-hottesttall-taller-tallestlargelargerlargest另外一种是多音节的(三音节及以上的)adj.或adv.变比较级或最高级前面加more或eresting-more interestingmost interestingbeautiful-more beautifulmost beautiful双音节的形容词,副词的比较级,最高级变化:A. 以-ble, -y, -ly, -er, -ow结尾的双音节词,后加er,est.noblenoblernoblestableablerablestprettyprettierprettiestearlyearlierearliestclevercleverer-cleverestnarrownarrowernarrowestB. 其它双音节词前加more,mostmore helpfulmore careful还有一些比较特殊,如:good/well-better-bestbad/ill-worse-worstmany/much-more-mostlittle-less-leastfar-father/further-farthest/furthest当表示路很远,距离更远,是具体的远,能测出尺度的,这时用farther,farthest;表示更进一步,更深入的,表示一种抽象的含义时,用further,furthest;further study深造学习further questions更进一步的问题old-older-oldest表示普通含义更老一些,更旧一些,用older,oldest;old-elder-eldest 表示有血源关系的,年龄更长的,最年长的,用elder,eldest.1) 形容词的比较级用来表示”比多(少)一些”时,通常用than来表示,than引起的状态从句来表示和什么相比,为了避免重复,从句中有些成分可以活力,只把相比 部分突出来,如:Prevention is better than cure.(谚)预防胜于治疗;宜未雨绸缪.There are fewer boys than girls in our class.It takes less time to go there by bus than by boat.Are you feeling better?I had never seen a better film.2)形容词的最高级在使用时,前面通常要加定冠词the,并有一个短语或从句表示在哪个范围的情况如此.Autumn is the best season here.It was the cheapest hotel we could find.That was the most delicious meal I have ever had.但在作表语的形容词最高级前,如果不是和别人相比,常常不加定冠词.We are busiest on Tuesdays.Vegetables are best when they are fresh.3)比较原则:A.比较对象对等一致原则Its warmer in Wuhan than Shanghai. (wrong)-Its warmer in Wuhan than in Shanghai. (right)Bill Friths garden is larger than Joes.There are more students in our class than in your class.B.排除自身去比较He is the tallest.He is taller than anyone. (wrong)-He is taller than anyone else.Wuhan is hotter than any other city.Exercise:用of或in填空1. Which is the longest river (in) the world?2. This is the finest picture (of) them all.3. This stereo is the most expensive (of) all the ones in the shops.4. He is the best boxer (in) our town规律:当表示最高级时,比较范围如果是比较地点,用in来表达;比较平等对象之间,用of来表达.in the worldof them allof all the onesin our townTextJoe Sanders has the most beautiful garden in our town. Nearly everybody enters for “The Nicest Garden Competition” each year, but Joe wins every time.Bill Friths garden is larger than Joes. Bill works harder than Joe and grows more flowers and vegetables, but Joes garden is more interesting.He has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool. I like gardens too, but I do not like hard work. Every year I enter for the garden competition too, and I always win a little prize for the worst garden in the town!乔.桑德斯拥有我们镇上最漂亮的花园。几乎每个人都参加每年举办的“最佳花园竞赛”，而每次都是乔获胜。比尔.弗里斯的花园比乔的花园大，他比乔也更为勤奋，种植的花卉和蔬菜也更多，但乔的花园更富有情趣。他修筑了一条条整洁的小路，并在一个池塘上架了一座小木桥。我也喜欢花园，但我却不愿意辛勤劳动。每年的花园竞赛我也参加，但总因是镇上最劣的花园而获得一个小奖！Joe Sanders has the most beautiful garden in our town. Nearly everybody enters for “The Nicest Garden Competition” each year, but Joe wins every time.nearly几乎,差不多,(同义词almost)1) 二者常用于肯定句中间:She fell and nearly broke her neck./She fell and almost broke her neck.He nearly always arrives late./He almost always arrives late.2) almost可与否定词连用He ate almost nothing.There is almost no room to sit.3) nearly+数词The top prize is nearly $1000.与every一起复合而成的不定代词有everyone, everybody, everything,与之搭配的谓语动词用单数.everyone每个人Everyone likes ice cream.everybody每个人Everybody has come.everything每一件事,每一件东西Everything is ready.win+比赛/奖品win the match赢得比赛win the first prize赢得一等奖Bill Friths garden is larger than Joes. Bill works harder than Joe and grows more flowers and vegetables, but Joes garden is more interesting.He has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool. 用现在完成时强调过去动作对现在的影响on表示相接触的上方on the tableon the wallover在垂直上方,正上方A lamp was hanging over the table.above在上方,高于The flowers formed an archway above his head. (在上方)above sea level在海平面以上above zeroabove the average高于平均水平I like gardens too, but I do not like hard work.too放在肯定句句尾,表示”也”的意思I like jazz too.Every year I enter for the garden competition too,enter for报名参加enter进入enter the roomenter universityentrance n.入口take part in参与The professor took no small part in the discussion.教授根本没有参与讨论.join in参加,加入May I join in your conversation?join in the sports-meeting.join the armyWont you join us in a tennis match?and I always win a little prize for the worst garden in the town!Special difficultiesenter/enter forEverybody enters for the competition.Everybody stood up when he entered the room.当他走进房间时每个人都站了起来.Did you enter for this examination?你有没有参加这次考试?The lights went out just as we entered the cinema.当我们走进电影院时,灯熄灭了.How many people have entered for the race?多少人报名参加比赛?Exercise必要时填上for1. He is very ill. NO one is allowed to (enter ) his room.2. Will you (enter for) this weeks crossword competition?3. Many athletes have (entered for) the Olympic Games this year.4. No one saw the thief when he (entered) the building.5. I have (entered for) the examination but I dont want to take it.everyone/everybody/everything作主语时,谓语动词用单数Exercised选择动词的正确形式.1. Everybody (believes) he will win.2. I heard a noise and went downstairs. I found that everything (was) in order.3. Everyone (tries) to earn more and work less.Exercise1. Joe grows more flowers. More flowers _ in his garden.a. growb. grow tallc. grow upd. grow big分析:a. 作及物动词时,表示”种植,栽培”;作为不及物动词时,表示”生长,产生”b. 变高,长高c. 人或动物长大,成熟,成年;d. 长大了,变大了.答案:a2. The writer doesnt like hard work. Its _ to look after a garden.a. a hard workb. a hard jobc. hard jobd. hardly a job分析a. a hard work不合乎语法,因为work作”工作”讲时是不可数名词,不能在它前面使用不定冠词ac.hard job也不符合讲法,因为job是可数名词,前面应该加不定冠词ad.hardly a job在意思上讲不通;b.一项艰苦的工作答案:b.3. Every year the writer enters for the garden competition _.a. very b. also c. ande. either分析a.非常,不符合题意,它也不能放到句尾c.是个连词,放在句尾没有任何含义;also和either都有”也”的意思also可以放在肯定句中,可以放在动词前也可以放在句尾.注:每年,这个作者也参加花园比赛.答案:b4. She and her sister are alwa