爱心探望PPT课件.pptx

091300308洪玲玉091300410郑丽婷091300413刘晔 AVisitofCharity 2020 3 27 1 Contents BriefintroductionoftheauthorWritingstylePlotsanalysisLiteraturereviewourunderstandings 2020 3 27 2 1 EudoraWelty EudoraAliceWelty April13 1909 July23 2001 wasanAmericanshortstorywriterandnovelistwhowroteabouttheAmericanSouth HernovelTheOptimist sDaughterwonthePulitzerPrizein1973 WeltywasawardedthePresidentialMedalofFreedom amongnumerousawardsincludingtheOrderoftheSouth ShewasthefirstlivingauthortohaveherworkspublishedbytheLibraryofAmerica HerhouseinJackson MississippihasbeendesignatedasaNationalHistoricLandmarkandisopentothepublicasahousemuseum WhileWeltyworkedasapublicityagentfortheWorksProgressAdministration shetookphotographsofpeoplefromalleconomicandsocialclassesinhersparetime Fromtheearly1930s herphotographsshowMississippi sruralpoorandtheeffectsoftheGreatDepression 15 CollectionsofherphotographswerepublishedasOneTime OnePlace 1971 andPhotographs 1989 Herphotographywasthebasisforseveralofhershortstories including WhyILiveattheP O whichwasinspiredbyawomanshephotographedironinginthebackofasmallpostoffice Althoughfocusedonherwriting Weltycontinuedtotakephotographsuntilthe1950s 2020 3 27 3 2 1Writingstyle 1 IronyIronyisanimportantfeatureofthewordsinthisstory EudoraWeltysuccessfullyusesthisliterarytechniquetoelucidatethethemeofthestory Thetitle AVisitofCharity isratherironic Charitymeanstoshowkindnessandsympathytowardsothers however nooneinthisstorydoessuchathing TherearenocharityfromMarian s thenurse s thetwooldladies andthewholesociety spointofview Howcantherebecharitywhentheoldladiesareisolatedfromthesociety Nowlet stakeMarianforexample Shepaysthevisitjustbecauseallothercampfiregirlsdoso Andhermotiveisalsoforthepoints whichrewardonherproject Whenshegotthere shetoldthenursethat Ihavetopayavisittosomeoldlady Fromwhatshesaid wecanseethatshewastherenotofherownfreewill Shedoesnotcarewhoshevisits justaslongasthepersonisanelderlywoman 2020 3 27 4 2 2Writingstyle 2 SymbolismSymbolismisanotherfeatureofthisshortstory Intheshortstory authorEudoraWeltyclearlyemployshercynicalfeelingstowardthenursinghome WhenMarionfirstapproachesthenursinghomeitisdescribedasaverycoldplace Whitewashedbrickandreflectedthewintersunlightlikeablockofice Thecolorwhite andtheiceimplythecoldnessofthehome Alsothenursewearsawhiteuniformlookingcoldaccompaniedwithanoverallcoldandbitterattitude Throughoutthestorytheauthor sattitudeiscold bydescribingthenursinghomecold sheshowsthatthenursinghomemaynotbephysicallycold butmentallyandemotionallycold Thismakesthehomefeelunwelcoming deadandunloving 2020 3 27 5 3 Plotanalysis InthestoryAVisitofCharity EudoraWeltyillustrateafourteen yearoldCampfiregirlwhosenameisMarian paysavisittotheOldLadies Homeinordertoearnpoints Beforethevisit Marianthoughtitwouldbeaneasytaskthatwouldtakelittletimeandfewefforts Sheevenbroughtapottedplantforextrapoints Marianthoughtshewasgoingtovisitasweetandkindoldlady butsheencounteredtwooldladieswhowerefarfromgraciousandcharming ThevisitwasmuchoutofMarian sexpectation Sheendedupbeinginsultedbyrudecommentsfromtheoldlady Addie anduponleavingtheroom shewasharassedbytheotheroldladywhowantedsomemoney MarianhurriedlylefttheHome withscaredbutfinallyrelievedmood 2020 3 27 6 4 1Literaturereview Manyfeatureofthesetting awinter sdayatahomeforelderlywomen suggestcoldness neglect anddehumanization Insteadofevergreensorothervegetationthatmightlendsoftnessorbeautytotheplace thecityhaslandscapeditwith pricklydarkshrubs BehindtheshrubsthewhitewashedwallsoftheOldLadies Homereflect thewintersunlightlikeablockofice Weltyalsoimpliesthatthecoldappearanceofthenurseisduetothecoolnessinthebuildingaswellastothestark impersonal whiteuniformsheiswearing Perhapstheclearestevidenceofdehumanizationisthesmall crowdedrooms eachinhabitedbytwoolderwomen TheroomthatMarianvisitisdark withadrawnshadeandtoomuchfurniture Thewetsmellofeverythingandwetappearanceofthebarefloorsuggestthatthiscrampedroomismorelikeastallinabarn aplaceforanimals thanthatitmightbeahomefitforusebyhumanbeings AVOCharity 2020 3 27 7 4 2Literaturereview 反讽通常被视为现代艺术的主要特征之一 新批评理论家布鲁克斯将反讽定义为 语境对一个陈述语的明显的歪曲 它的一个重要构成要素就是两极因素的相互对比 于不着痕迹中冷静地呈现事务存在的悖逆状态 从而既凸显作品的主题又形成蕴涵丰富的艺术张力 小说以 慈善访问 为标题 一开始就以一种意蕴悖立的反讽暗示了作品的主题 实际上 在该作品中 慈善访问 的真实意义与其字面意义是对立的 整个故事的场景及故事中人物的所作所为都是对 慈善 一词的 明显的歪曲 根据 美国传统词典 慈善 指 充满仁慈 良好意愿或爱心的行为或情感 因此读者一看到 慈善访问 这个标题 就会产生一个常识性的预测与美好的期待 一个充满温情的访问 它的色彩是亮丽明快的 它应充满鲜花 充满欢声笑语 小说一开始交代故事的时间与地点 倒确也充满诗情画意 半晌午时分 那是一个阳光透亮且清冷的早上 在老人院前 一个十四岁的女孩 抱着一盆花 从公共汽车上跳了下来 她穿着红色的大衣 戴着一顶白色的帽子 那是那年所有的小女孩都戴的那种 黄色的头发松散地披在肩上 阳光虽 清冷 倒也 透亮 整个画面色彩亮丽 俨然一幅洋溢着生命活力的摄影作品 然而作者突然笔锋一转 向读者展示另一幅反差鲜明的以黑白色调为主色的画面 养老院前是一片 黑乎乎的长满尖刺的灌木丛 这个城市就以此来装扮点缀养老院 养老院的外墙砖洗得发白 在冬日的阳光照射下就像一块冰块 在读者想象中本应花红柳绿的养老院何以如此灰暗 何以如此寒气逼人 让读者有点突兀与费解 2020 3 27 8 接着的画面更是让读者有些应接不暇 养老院内地上的亚麻油地毡 有的地方松垮 有的地方隆起 让人感觉走在上面就 好比走在浪尖上 整个楼道 好像密封的时钟 有一股难闻的气味 读着读着 读者情不自禁地皱起眉头 捏紧鼻子 并为步履蹒跚的老人捏把汗 作者紧接着给读者展示了另一幅潮湿狭小的室内画面 这个小房间的家具太多太拥挤了 房间里有股湿气 即便是没有铺地毯的地板也觉得潮湿 椅背不牢固 摸上去软塌塌 湿漉漉的 好暗呀 窗帘紧闭着 唯一的门也关着 室内简陋的陈设 床 洗脸架 摇椅 就让小房间拥挤不堪 不仅如此家具还破旧不堪 松垮的椅子 补丁的破被子 让人在本就清冷的冬日里越发感到寒气逼人 老人房间破旧 潮湿 昏暗 阴冷的氛围 令人窒息 使人有掉头撤离的冲动 也难怪小姑娘会急于离开 至此读者随着画面的灰暗化 情绪由突兀与费解转向了对养老院中孤独无助的老人的同情与对慈善机构的愤怒 借助故事场景的渲染 作者想要传达的是 所谓的 慈善 却是被以慈善机构为代表的工业化社会披在身上的伪善的外衣 以揭示现代社会的老年人问题 情节的淡化是韦尔蒂小说艺术的一大特色 慈善访问 初读起来平淡无奇 再读就越发令人深思 如此简单的情节 却通过反讽与绘画 摄影的艺术手法揭示着深刻的主题 说明无论是设立养老院的社会还是这个小女孩都没能真正领会 慈善 这个词的含义 小说里到处弥漫着自私 麻木不仁 冷酷无情的氛围 展示了工业化给南方社会带来的孤独感和失落感 是对社会上流于形式的慈善行为及工业化社会非人性化的不良倾向 如忽视人际间的感情交流和理解 的批判 揭露了美国慈善机构的伪善 余梅娴 2020 3 27 9 4 3Literaturereview 在整篇小说里 只有四个女性人物 玛丽安是这个社会在年轻一代的体现 带着时下流行的帽子 穿着红上衣 青春有活力 从车上下来也是 跳 下来 在这里作者笔锋一转完全是从一个小孩的角度去听 进去后听到 老人清嗓子也像是羊叫 老人的手像是 鸟的爪子 在房间里感觉像 落入了贼窟 马上就要被杀了一样 屋子特别潮湿特别小以至于在一个小孩看来也是那么的狭窄 这预示了社会中留给老年女性的空间是多么小 她们在这个男权社会中没有了立足之地 而这里对于玛丽安来说是一个前所未有的世界 她除了生活在一个由男性所编织的社会的童话里 还没有真正接触到社会 没有认清她所生活的社会本质 对于她来说这是一次认知的过程 一次女性认知的过程 最后以她跳上公交车咬了一口苹果而结尾 在这里 苹果预示了夏娃的禁果 夏娃原本生活在天堂里 受了蛇的诱惑偷吃了禁果 于是获得了知识 开始了人类痛苦的生活 这里就预示了小主人公进入男权社会开始一段痛苦的历程以及痛苦的认知 刘蕾蕾 2020 3 27 10 Ourunderstandings4 1Ourunderstandings Inmymind thevisittothecharityisaratherironyexperiencereflectingthesocialbackgroundofthatdays ThevisitwashappenedduringTheGreatDepression Thebookreflectsthefeatureofthesettingwheretheelderlywomenaresufferingfromcoldness neglectanddehumanization Inthisarticlethevisitofcharityisanironicactionthatthisvisitisjustawaytogainthemarks Thevisithaslostitsprimitivemeaningofcaringoldpeople Thedismalandunfairsituationofoldwomenisjustthetipoftheiceberg Thewritertriestouncoverthedepressedsituationunderthegreatdepression 2020 3 27 11 4 2Ourunderstandings Theshortnoveldescribesfourfemalecharacterswhoownstheirtypicalfeatures Nevertheless theyhavesomethingincommon thatis theyallcareaboutthemselvesandindifferenttoothers Thesefemaleareallunfortunate Ofthemthetwooldwomenshareashabbyroominthecharityorganization Theirmiserablelifedidnotmakethemfeelsympathywitheachother It sthegreattragedyofthehumanbeingsandthesociety Andthenurseinthenovelleaveusanimpressionofcoldandmasculine whichresultsfromthepatriarchalsociety TheheroineofthenovelMarianisalsotheunderdogofthatsociety Sheisyoung butshehadtofacetherealityofthecruelnessanddarksideofthesocietywhichsheisgoingtolifeinthefuture 2020 3 27 12 4 3Ourunderstandings TheauthorisskillfulinportrayingthebackdropofthestorythroughMarian seyes Readerscanseevividlytheindifferentnurse theloose bulginglinoleumandthedark wet robber scave likelittleroomwithtoomuchfurniture Thesefeaturescompriseadepressedandhorribleatmosphere Weltyalsomadegooduseofthephysicalcharacteristicsofroles The claws thestrangesmile abunchywhiteforeheadandredeyeslikeasheep andthehigh pitchedvoiceindicatethecrazinessandweaknessoftheoldladiesatthesametimemakethebeadhousemoreterrifying Besides therearealotofcontrastsinthenovelsuchasthesunshineoutsideandthedarknessinside theyouthofMarianandtheweaknessoftwooldladies theindifferenceofnurseandpassionoftheoldpeopleandsoon Sharpcontrastsdeepenthecarvingsofallcharacters Ironyisthemaintraitofthispassage Itcanbeseenevenfromthetitle Avisitofcharityisavisitofnightmareinreality Accordingtothepassage theshabbycir