非谓语动词之动词不定式被动语态形

精品文档 1欢迎下载 非谓语动词之动词不定式被动语态形 一 复习各种时态的被动语态一 复习各种时态的被动语态 被动语态的基本结构 be done 以 the book publish 为例 一般现在 过去时 The book is is waswas publishedpublished 一般 过去将来时 The book will wouldwill would bebe publishedpublished The book is wasis was goinggoing toto bebe publishedpublished 现在 过去进行时 The book is wasis was beingbeing publishedpublished 现在 过去完成时 The book has hadhas had beenbeen publishedpublished 情态动词 The book can could may might becan could may might be publishedpublished 二 不定式的被动式的基础知识 二 不定式的被动式的基础知识 语态 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 to do toto bebe donedone 完成式 to have done toto havehave beenbeen donedone 进行式 to be doing 没有被动语态 完成进行式 to have been doing 没有被动语态 1 一般式 not never to be done 2 完成式 not never to have been done 表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前 三 三 通常在通常在 believe believe suppose suppose say say reportreport 等动词构成的句子中可以进行主动语等动词构成的句子中可以进行主动语 态到被动语态以及被动语态和动词不定式的转换态到被动语态以及被动语态和动词不定式的转换 如如 They say that Mike is sick in bed It is said that Mike is sick in bed Mike is said to be sick in bed 据说麦克卧床不起 People believe that he was killed It is believed that he was killed He is believed to have been killed 大家相信他被杀了 四 四 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者而非发出者时 不定式一般当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者而非发出者时 不定式一般 要采用被动形式要采用被动形式 to to bebe done done 语法功能 1 作主语 It is an honour for me toto bebe askedasked to speak here 2 作宾语 She asked toto bebe sentsent to work in Xinjiang 3 构成复合宾语 精品文档 2欢迎下载 He wanted the letter toto bebe typedtyped at once She didn t like herself toto bebe praisedpraised like that 4 构成复合谓语 The books are not allowed toto bebe takentaken outout ofof thethe roomroom 5 作定语 Are you going to the meeting toto bebe heldheld in the teachers office 6 作状语 She was too young toto bebe assignedassigned such work 五 不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式五 不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式 toto havehave beenbeen donedone 表示该动作是发生在主 表示该动作是发生在主 句之前的一个被动动作 句之前的一个被动动作 在句中作主语 宾语 定语 或者构成复合宾语 复合谓语 在句中作主语 宾语 定语 或者构成复合宾语 复合谓语 等 如 等 如 It is a good thing for him toto havehave beenbeen criticized criticized 主语 She preferred toto havehave beenbeen givengiven heavier work to do 宾语 He thought it an honour toto havehave beenbeen invitedinvited to the party 复合宾语 The book is said toto havehave beenbeen translatedtranslated into many languages 复合谓语 She was the first woman toto havehave beenbeen electedelected to such a post 定语 六 不定式的主动形式表示被动六 不定式的主动形式表示被动 1 1 ThereThere bebe 结构中 用不定式的主动和被动式来修饰主语 区别不大 结构中 用不定式的主动和被动式来修饰主语 区别不大 多用主动形式多用主动形式 例如 There is a lot of work toto dodo toto bebe donedone There is no time toto loselose to to bebe lostlost 译 没有什么可担心的 There is nothing to worry about 注意以下两点 1 如果不定式结构加了 forfor sbsb 表示的逻辑主语时 There are still many questions for us to discuss us us 与与 discussdiscuss 主谓关系 用主动主谓关系 用主动 toto discuss discuss There are a lot of reasons for the book to be published the the bookbook 与与 publishpublish 是动宾关系 用被动是动宾关系 用被动 toto bebe published published 2 某些动词 do see 的不定式特殊用法时 两种形式所表示的意思不同 比较 There is nothing to do now We have nothing to do now There is nothing to be done now We can do nothing now There is nothing to see Nothing is worth seeing There is nothing to be seen Nothing is there at all 2 2 在在 主语主语 be be adj adj toto dodo 句型中 常见的句型中 常见的 adjadj 有有 hardhard amusingamusing interestinginteresting cheapcheap difficultdifficult dangerousdangerous easyeasy nicenice importantimportant pleaspleas ant etc ant etc That question is difficult to answer He is an impossible person to work with 但若要强调句中的受事者 也可用不定式的被动式 The handwriting is difficult to be read 注意 如果动词为不及物动词 则要注意介词的搭配 John is difficult to deal with 分析 动 宾 译 这扶手椅坐起来很舒服 精品文档 3欢迎下载 这题目很难算出来 The armchair is comfortable to sit in The question is difficult to work out 3 3 当上述第当上述第 2 2 题中形容词在句中作宾语补足语 后接不定式 题中形容词在句中作宾语补足语 后接不定式 I found him easy to get along with They don t think the game interesting to play I find the lecture difficult to understand 4 4 在在 tootoo toto do do enoughenough toto 结构中结构中 如 The problem is too difficult to work out to be worked out The house is big enough to live in 不及物动词要补出相应的介词 但若要强调句中的受事者 也可用被动式 This box is too heavy to be lifted 5 5 在 在 with n towith n to dodo 结构中 结构中 和逻辑主语是主动关系 例如 With nothing to do he lay in bed With so many exercises to do I can t go to the cinema 6 6 当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时 当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时 例如 I have a meeting to attend to attend 与 I 有主谓关系 即 I 是逻辑主语 Give him some books to read to read 与 him 有主谓关系 即 him 是逻辑主语 如果不属于上述情况 则表示被动意义时仍需要用被动形式 试比较下面两句 1 Have you anything to do this afternoon 2 Have you anything to be taken to the city by me or someone else to take 与 you 没有主谓关系 即 you 不是逻辑主语 练习 填写括号中动词的适当形式 1 I have a meeting attend today 2 He gave me some books read 3 I m going to Beijing next week Do you have anything take to your parents 7 7 一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式 一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式 常见的这类动词有 let 出租 rent hire blame 等 例如 The house is to rent Nobody was to blame for the accident 但是 具有对比意义时 仍用被动形式 例如 The room is to be rented not to be sold She is to be praised not to be blamed Exercise 1 Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple but it remains whether they will enjoy it A to see B to be seen C seeing D seen 2 I hurried to the meeting hall only that the meeting had been put off A to tell B to be told C telling D told 3 Do let your mother know all the truth she appears everything A to tell B to be told C to be telling D to have been told 4 Little Tom should love to the theater this evening A to be taken B to take C being taken D taking 5 With a lot of problems the newly elected president is having a hard time A settled B settling C to settle D being settled 6 He and was made to repeat it A didn t understand B didn t be understood C wasn t understand D wasn t 精品文档 4欢迎下载 understood 7 The pupils here all kinds of exercises every day in the past four weeks A kept busy doing B keep on doing C have kept busy doing D have been kept busy doing 语法检测语法检测 一 根据括号内的动词填入正确形式 1 It will take several weeks for your computer to repair 2 I knew him catch by the police 3 A vote is required take in our company at once 4 When some money went missing from the bank Thomas was believed steal it 7 I hope admit to Zhongshan University 8 The book is said to translate into several languages 9 I feel greatly honored welcome into their society 10 Come on It is an easy sentence translate 11 When I came in he pretended to read 13 Mrs Smith warned her daughter not drive after drinking 14 I don t know whether you happen hear but I m going to study in the U S A this September 15 He seems punish by his teacher yesterday 16 The school ordered all the classroom clean 17 My grandmother seems to have a lot worry about 18 I am going to the post office Do you have any letter post 19 You are lucky enough not catch in the rain 20 I ll go to New York Have you anything take to your wife there 21 Have you any clothes wash sir asked the maid 22 I cannot go out now as I have a lot of clothes wash 二 翻译练习 1 据说这会议已经被取消了 2 这个学生似乎已经对政治失去了兴趣 3 残疾人不喜欢被别人嘲笑 4 没有可以可以浪费的时