初中语法数词讲解.doc

数词数词分为基数词和序数词两种，基数词表示人或事物的数量，序数词表示人或事物的次序。注：数词与不定代词、冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词等被称之为限定词。一、基数词和序数词基数词 序数词0 zero 1 one first/1st 第一2 two second/2nd第二3 three third/3rd第三4 four fourth/4th第四5 five fifth/5th 第五6 six sixth/6th 第六7 sevenseventh/7th 第七8 eighteighth/8th 第八9 nine ninth/9th第九10 ten tenth/10th第十11 eleveneleventh/11th 第十一12 twelvetwelfth/12th第十二13 thirteenthirteenth/13th第十三14 fourteen fourteenth/14th第十四15 fifteenfifteenth/15th 第十五16 sixteensixteenth/16th第十六17 seventeenseventeenth/17th第十七18 eighteeneighteenth/18th第十八19 nineteennineteenth/19th第十九20 twenty twentieth/20th第二十21 Twenty-onetwenty-first/21st 第二十一22 Twenty-twotwenty-second/22nd第二十二23 Twenty-threetwenty-third/23rd第二十三30 thirty thirtieth/30th 第三十40 forty fortieth/40th 第四十50 fifty fiftieth/50th 第五十60 sixty sixtieth/60th 第六十70 seventy seventieth/70th第七十80 eighty eightieth/80th 第八十90 ninety ninetieth/90th 第九十100 hundred hundredth/100th第一百基数词的构成和用法 （1）最基本的基数词如下表所示： one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteentwenty thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety（2）基数词的写法 2199 的两位数，十位与个位之间用连字符“”。例： 21 twentyone 32 thirtytwo 98 ninetyeight 99 ninetynine 101999的三位数，百位数和后面的数之间用连词and，百、千等数词一律用单数形式。例： 101 one hundred and one 225 two hundred and twenty five 999 nine hundred and ninetynine 1000以上的数，从后面向前数，每三位中间点“，”，第一个“，”前为thousand，第 二个“，”前为 million，第三个“，”前为billion。例： 2，567 two thousand five hundred and sixtyseven 3，018 three thousand and eighteen （3） 基数词的用法 作主语。例： Ten is a very important number 十是一个很重要的数字。 Two and three are （is） five 2加3等于5。 作定语。例： One kilometer is equal to two li 1公里等于2华里。 She has three brothers 她有三个兄弟。 作宾语。例： I wanted three but he gave me five 我想要三个，但他给了我五个。 I get up before six every day 我每天六点之前起床。 作表语。例： What time is it？几点钟啦？ Its ten十点。 （4） 疑难点 hundred，thousand和million在合成数词中一般用单数形式，但是用来表示不定数目时，用作复数形式。例： Hundreds of workers will go on strike Thousands of people are swimming in the river 此时 hundred，thousand等词前没有数词修饰，且通常其复数形式与of 连用。序数词的构成与用法 （1） 序数词的构成 一般来说，是由相应的基数词加词尾th构成。例： four th fourth six th sixth seven th seventh ten th tenth 下面这些基数词在变为序数词时，有特殊的变化。例： one first two second three third five fifth eight eighth nine ninth twelve twelfth 十位整数序数词的构成方法是将基数词的词y变成i，然后再加eth。例： twenty twentieth thirty thirtieth forty fortieth ninety ninetieth 两位或两位以上的基数词变成序数词时，仅将个位数变成序数词。例： twentyone twentyfirst thirtyfive thirtyfifth a hundred andfiftythree a hundred and fiftythird （2） 序数词的用法 序数词在使用时，一般加上定冠词。例： the first book the second floor the third day the fourth week 序数词在多数情况下都用作定语，有的也可以作表语、主语和宾语。例： The may 1st is Labour Day 五月一日是劳动节。 My room is on the second floor我的房间在二楼。 The first is larger than the second （主语） 第一个比第二个大。 Read the book from the first（宾语） 从开头读这本书。 Youll be the sixth to write （表语） 你将是第六个写的。 序数词的前面可以加上不定冠词，用来表示“再一”，“又一”的意思。例： You may have a third try 你可以第三次尝试。 时间表示法 时间都由基数词表示。例： Its nine现在九点。 Its not five yet 还不到五点。 有时后面要加oclock，但在口语中通常省略。 几点几分表示法有两种形式。 A倒读法：与汉语顺序不同，先读“分”后说“点”。30分钟以内，用“分钟数”past “钟点数”表示“几点过几分”，超过30分钟，用“分钟数” to “下一个钟点数”表示“差几分到几点”。15分钟也可以用a quarter，30分钟也可以用a half。例： 2：15 a quarter past two 2：45 a quarter to three 1：55 five to two 7：05 five past seven 5：35 thirty five past five 9：30 half past nine 只有指几点钟整时才用oclock，如ten oclock，但不可以说seven past ten oclock B顺读法：与汉语顺序相同，连用两个基数词，第一个表示“点钟”，第二个表示“分钟”。 5：40 five forty 2：30 two thirty 1：15 one fifteen 这时的15和30不能用a quater, a half代替。 日期表示法 年的读法：用基数词，分成两位一读。例： 1949 nineteen fortynine 1840 eighteen forty 月份的名称首字母要大写。例： January February March April 日期用序数词表示，前面可加the，也可以省略。例： 5月4日 May （the） fourth 10月1日 October （the） first 年、月、日的顺序：在英语中，按月、日、年的顺序来读。例： 1949年10月1日 October （the） first nineteen fortynine 1999年5月1日 May （the） first nineteen ninetynine 表示在“在某年、在某月”用介词in，如in2000，in September，表示“在某日”用介词on，如on July 8。 （5） 编号的读法 表示“第几课（部分，章或节）”时，用序数词时，前面一定要加冠词；用基数词时，不用冠词，但 语序与汉语相反。例： lesson one the first lesson part three the third part 当数字较长时，通常用基数词。例： 第219页 page 219 （two one nine） 第306号房间 room 306 （three o six） 第六路公共汽车 bus number six 电话号码 885316 telephone number 885316 （eight eight five three one six）（6） 分数、小数和百分数的表示法。分数：分数分子用基数词，分母为序数词。分子为一时，分母为单，分子大于1，分母用复数。One fourth 1/4 three fourths或three-fourths 3/4（连字符可用可不用）小数：均用基数读出。0.02 zero point o two百分数：用per cent/percent 表示。3% three percent注：在带有分数的词组作句子的主语中，其后的谓语单复数形式要根据分数后面的名词的数决定。考题点击1It is not rare in _ that people in _ fifties are going to university for further education. A. 90s, the B. the 90s, / C. 90s, their D. the 90s, their题解：表示“几十岁”；用 in ones + 数词复数，如：He began to work in his teens.表示年代，用 in +the +数词复数；考题点击2_ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth, is B. Two fifth, are C. Two fifths, is D. Two fifths, are题解：分数和百分数作主语时，关键是看其后的名词来决定其谓语动词的数。该题中的是不可数名词，所以动词需用单数。提醒：表示百分之几或几分之几的人或物，记住一定要加of。如：百分之三十的学生，要说30% of the students.巩固练习：将下列句子译成英文。1.百分之四十的学生戴眼镜。_2.三分之二的钱花在食物上。_考题点击3Americans eat _ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910. A. more than twice B. as twice as many C. twice as many as D. more than twice as many题解：（倍数表示法）主+谓+倍数(或分数)+ as + adj. (+ n.) + as I have three times as many as you.三、倍数的表达方式1.主+谓+倍数+ as +形容词/副词（原级）+ as +比较对象。This bridge is three times as long as that one . 这座桥是那座桥的三倍长。 2.主+谓+倍数(分数)+ 形容词(副词)比较级+ than+比较对象The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。 This room is two times bigger than that one 这个房间比那个（房间）大两倍。 3.主+谓+倍数(分数)+ the size (weight，length) +of+比较对象The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球是月球的49倍。4. 主+谓+ junior (senior)+ to+比较对象He is five years senior to his younger brother.他比他弟弟大三岁。5.主+谓+倍数+ what引导的从句The college is twice what it was 5 years ago. 这所大学是它五年前的两倍。数词练习题基础型 用适当的数词完成下列句子: 1. One h_ years is a century(世纪). 2. Thursday is the f_ day of the week. 3. Autumn is the t_ season of the year. 4. Christmas is on December the t_ each year. 5. Letter H is the e_ letter in the alphabet(字母表)。 6. There are t_ months in a year.7. My brother is just 20. Today is his _(20岁) birthday. 8. _ (三分之二)of the fish have been sold out.提高型 1.What date is it?-Its _. A. the May fourth B. the fourth of May C. fourth May D. May four 2.My good friend Zhangying studies at _ Middle School. A. 16 B. the 16 C. 16th No. D. No.16 3.His uncle has lived at _ for ten years. A. No.103 Xinhua Street B. 103 Xinhua Street C. Xinhua Street 103 D. Xinhua Street No.103 4.Please wait here. Ill be back in _ hours. A. two and half a B. two and a half C. half and two D. two a half 5.China is _ larger than the United States. A. one six B. one sixt h C. one sixes D. a sixths 6.Two _ died of cold last winter. A. hundreds old people B. hundreds old peoples C. hundred old people D. hundred old peoples 7.999 reads nine hundred _. A. and ninety ninth B. and ninety-nine C. ninety and nine D. and nine nine 8.Our teacher told us to write a _ composition(作文). A. two-thousand-word B. two-thousand-words C. two thousands words D. two-thousands-word 9.Henry is _ tallest in their class. A. three B. the three C. third D. the third 10.Would you like to try _ time? A. two B. second C. a two D. a second综合型 1.When spring comes, _ trees are planted in our city. A. millions of B. a million of C. two millions D. million of 2.The number of the girls in our school _ more than six _. A. are; hundreds B. is; hundred C. are; hundred D. is; hundred 3.The world population will past _billion by the end of _century. A six; twenty B. sixth; twentieth C. six; the twentieth D. the sixth; the twenty4.John began to learn Japanese by himself in _. A. the fifty B. the fifties C. his fifty D. his fifties 5.When were you born? -I was born _. A. in 1988 June 6 B. on June 6, in 1988 C. in June 6, 1988 D. on June 6, 1988 6.Whats the English for 12:30?-Its _.A. twelve and thirty B. one to thirty C. twelve thirty D. a half past twelve 7.Most English people have _ names: _ name, a middle name and the family name. A. three; first B. three; a first C. the three; the first D. the third; one first 8.The library in the school isnt large. Therere only _ books in it. A. six thousand, five hundred and forty-one B. six thousands and five hundreds and forty-one C. six thousands, five hundred forty and one D .six thousand, five hundreds and fourth-one 9._ of the worlds books and newspapers are written in English.A. Three quarter B. Three of quarters C. Third fourths D. Three fourths 10.In _ Marx began to learn Russian. A. a 1870 B. the 1870 C. the 1870s D. his 1870 11.Today were going to learn the _ lesson. A. twenty B. 20 C. twentieth D. twentyth 12.How deep is th