一动词不定式作宾语及宾语补足语不定式通常是由不定式符号to动词原形构成

动词不定式作宾语及宾语补足语 不定式通常是由不定式符号 to 动词原形构成 不定式作宾语 不定式作宾语有两种情况 一是及物动词后直接跟带 to 的不定式 二是 动词疑问词 带 to 的不定式 动词带 to 的不定式 结构常见的以不定式作宾语的动词有 afford agree believe decide fail hope want plan choose prepare forget remember begin start learn promiserefuse wish 等 如 I can t afford to buy a house 动词疑问代副词不定 式 结构常见的这类动词有 advise decide forget know learn remember see tell think teach wonder understand guess explain 等 这类疑问代副词 what when which where how whether 等不包含 why 如 She does not know how to go there He will tell you when to start 在不定式作宾语时有时我们会使用 it 作形式宾语而把不定式放到后面 如 They consider it unnecessary to have classes in the evening 不带 to 的不定式 1 表示感觉的动词 see hear feel notice watch observe 和 have let make 后的宾语可 接不带 to 的不定式 He noticed the man enter the room 他注意到有人进屋了 They made her do the work alone 他们让她单独做这个工作 2 help 后的不定式可以带 to 也可以不带 to Can you help me to clean up after the meal 作宾语补足语 表示 命令 忠告 等的动词如 tell ask want wish allowadviseinviteorder remind warn encourage 等后面常接不定式作宾补感官动词 feel hear see watch 等和使役动词 make let have 等后接不定式作宾补时须省去 to 二反身代词 反身代词的构成 第一 第二人称的反身代词由形容词的物主代词加上 selfselves 构成 如 myself 我自己 ourselves 我们自己 yourself 你自己 yourselves 你们自己 第二 第三人称的反身代词是由宾格加上 selfselves 构成 如 himself 他自己 herself 她自己 itself 它自己以及 themselves 他们 她们 它们自己 值得注 意的是凡是单数人称代词的反身代词在后加 self 而复数人称的反身代词 在后加 selves 反身代词的用法 1 反身代词不能作主语但是它可以作主语同位语放在主语后或句末 如我亲自 去了电影院 误 Myself went to the cinema 正 I went to the cinema myself 2 反身代词可以作宾语的同位语 如 I wish I could hear Beethoven himself play this music 我希望我能听贝多芬他亲自弹这首曲子 You can go and ask him himself 你可以去问他本人 3 反身代词可以作介词的宾语 如 Nobody she learnt it all by herself 没人她自学 的 I mended the bike by myself 我独自修的自行车 She said to herself What s wrong with my eyes 她自言自语地说 我的眼睛怎么啦 Don t always think of yourself 别总是想着你自己 4 反身代词作动词的宾语 一般放在像这样的动词的后面 enjoy help hurt teach wash look after get dressed buy 等 如 Did you enjoy yourselves at the weekend 你 们周末玩得开心吗 He teaches himself English at home 他在家自学英语 Help yourselves to some fish children 孩子们随便吃一些鱼 He can buy himself a lot of nice things 他可以给自己买好多好东西 5 反身代词可以作表语 如 I m not quite myself today 我今天情绪不好 He doesn t seem himself this morning 今天上午他似乎不舒服 三方式副词 很多方式副词是在形容词的后面加 ly 构成的 如 slow slowly wonderful wonderfully 有些副词与形容词同形 如 fast early late highhard straight 等 方式副词修饰不及物动词时放在被修饰词之后 修饰及物动词时放在被修饰的动词之前或宾词之后 如宾语较长也可把副词放在动词与宾语之间 例如 He works hard He speaks English very well Mr Wang wrote carefully some letters to his friends 注意有些副词有两种形式 一个与形容词同形一个以 ly 结尾但它们的含义是不同的 例如 l close 接近地 closely 仔细地密切地 2 free 免费地 freely 自由地无拘束地 3 hard 努力地 hardly 几乎不 4 late 晚迟 lately 近来 5 most 极非常 mostly 主要地 6 wide 广阔地充分地 widely 广泛地 7 high 高 highly 高度地非常地 8 deep 深迟 deeply 抽象意义的 深 9 loud 大声地 loudly 大声地含有喧闹的意思 10 near 邻近 nearly 几乎 典型例题 1 You d better home now A going B go to C to go D go 2 Will you help me these pictures A put on B to put up C putting up D put into 3 On the way home we some waterbecause we were thirsty A stopped and drink B stopped drinking C stopped to drink D stopped for drinking 4 Why the teacher A ask not B not ask C not asking D not to ask 5 I haven t got a chair A to sit B for to sit on C to sit on D for sitting 6 I m hungryget me sth A to eat B eat C eating D for eating 7 I haven t decided which hotel A to stay B is to stay in C to stay in D is for staying 8 The boss made workers 14 hours a day A worked B to work C work D working 9 We shall have after school A sth to do B everything do C anything to do D nothing do 10 The teacher let the boy it again A does B did C to do D do 11 The young man is old enough the army A to join in B joined C join D to join 12 Granny told her the cat any more A not play with B to not play with C not to play with D don t play with 13 He really doesn t know A to talk about B to talk about what C what to talk D what to talk about 14 Jack decided in Beijing before May Day A to reach B to get C to arrive D go 15 It took me an hour the homework yesterday evening A to do B did C doing D do 16 I m glad you again A to look at B to see C looking D seeing 17 Mary asked me for her A wait B waiting C to wait D waited 18 said the great musician A Let me to hear you to play B Let me hear you to play C Let me hear you play D Let me to hear you play 19 Mother is sure A win B to win C to be winning D won 20 Mike is waiting the doctor A to see B for to see C see D for see 21 Who taught you a bus A driving B to drive C riding D to ride 22 It s necessary the book at once A for him to return B to him return C at him to return D to him to return 23 We find it difficult the work in two hours A finishing B to finish C finish D finished 24 Would you please the text A read B to read C reading D is reading 25 After singing a song Mary us a story A went on telling B went on to tell C went telling D went to tell 26 It s very kind to see me A that you come B that you will come C for you to come D of you to come 模拟试题 一 选择题 1 Mum the Chinese medicine tastes so that I don t want to take it But dear it is good for you A good B terribly C terrible D well 2 I think we should keep in the reading room You are right A quiet B quietly C quite D quickly 3 How was the old woman this morning She looked A be happy B happily C happy D to be happily 4 Travelling by train is cheaper and enjoyable than by air A more much more B quite much too C very very much D much far more 5 This kind of skirt looks and sells A nice well B nice good C well well D good nice 6 Look at the picture How s the weather It s A sunny B windy C wet D warm 7 In the exam the you are the mistakes you ll make A carefully little B more carefully fewest C more careful fewer D more careful less 8 That man is driving We must stop him at once OK Let s call the police A careful B carefully C dangerous D dangerously 9 How do you write with your new pen A Quickly and neatly B Quick and neat C Quick and neatly D Quickly and neat 10 It is to work out this problem You needn t go to ask the teacher A enough easy B easily enough C easy enough D very easily 11 They all looked at the teacher and felt quite A sad sad B sadly sadly C sad sadly D sadly sad 12 It s nice of you to help me That s all right A true B truly C real D really 13 Cathy did quite in the English competition but Jenny did even A better well B