文献翻译-我国仪器仪表与测量控制科技的发展

河北工程大学毕业设计（论文） 附录2Our instrument measuring and control the development of science and technologyInstrument measuring and controlling in todays society; the important position and role, Our instrument measuring and controlling the basic situation, Instrument measuring and controlling the development trends and characteristics of China, as well as measuring instrument and control the significant progress in recent years.A positionAs is known to all, the world is into the information age, information technology has become the key to the development of science and technology, high technology. Famous scientist xuesen has made it clear that information technology including measurement technology, computer technology and communication technology. Measuring technique is based. WangDaHang academician also emphasized, measuring technique is the source of information technology. The rapid development of information technology, the emerging giant information industry, information industry has become the leading driving world economic development. The us department of commerce in 1999 annual report on emerging digital economic parts, including computer software and hardware industry information industry, communication equipment manufacturing and service industries, instrument industry. This means that measuring technique is the basis and origin of information technology, the instrument industry is the important part of information industry. It is self-evident that measuring instrument and control in this information age promote science and technology and development of national economy is how important position.So, the instrument measuring and controlling to promote science and technology, economic and social development of what is important? In 2000, Chinese instruments, learn to accept the state planning commission, the state economic and trade commission and the ministry of the entrusted organization of national research group, a specialist in an 河北工程大学毕业设计（论文） 附录2instrument industry for three months of study. Very rare is WangDaHang, YangJiaChi, jin, 3 academicians participated personally, and research activities in the investigation and research group after a host to the villagers offered a about developing instrument industry countermeasures and Suggestions of research report. The report on instrumentation in todays society, proposed the important role of the image, and that we are very familiar with the instrumentation is: the multiplier of industrial production, scientific research, commander of an advance vanguard, the combat military, and modern social activities materialized judges. This shows the connotation and weight dont need to make any explanation, everybody. Encouragingly, instruments and measurement control multiplier, XianHangGuan and combat and reification the important role of the social from all walks of life, including for government departments have become common, accelerating the development of science and technology and industry instrument, and the scientific basis in the document, report and widely quoted in the speech.Due to the instrument measuring and controlling of the important position and role is the social attention in recent years, the state adopted a series of important measures to speed up the development. Deserves special mention measures are: March 2001 seven-time four times at the National Peoples Congress on national economic and social development during the 10th five-year plan, the development of specifically instrument in important position. National development program, and to mention instrument, is an important place for the first time since 1949. Then, the state planning commission, the ministry of science and technology, and many other ministries are listed several special funds to support, the use of large instrument development. In 2005, the national development and reform commission issued a formal to accelerate the development of the equipment manufacturing industry, and puts forward some opinions in various industries and key areas for development, including special support development made the first 11 is important engineering automation control system and the precision testing instruments. In 2006, the national long-and mid-term science 河北工程大学毕业设计（论文） 附录2and technology development program, involves many instrument measuring and controlling development projects. April 2008, the ministry of science and technology, ministry of China association for science and technology commission, and jointly issued by the method of work on strengthening innovation, officially launched several opinions on the working method of innovation. This document, explicitly proposed innovation methods including innovative thinking, innovative methods and tools for three elements, innovation is the main tool to promote technological innovation of scientific instruments. The important role of science instruments are further enhance, research and development to get more powerful support. In addition, in the space program 863 plan, especially in the development of science and technology plan countries such as measuring instrument and support the development of control was also on the important position. In such a very favorable situation in China in recent years, with the measurement instrument control obtained a rapid development.Two basic situationAbout instruments and measurement control of basic situation, should include two aspects, that is, discipline and industry.Instrument is an independent discipline? Over the past has been controversial. Today, we can be answered unhesitatingly, instruments and measurement control has formed a complete development. The conclusion, we conclude that the four good reason. First, the instrument measuring and control subjects with its own set of basic theory and technology, which mainly includes theory and technology, detection sensor measuring theory and technology, the signal processing theory and technology, error analysis theory and technology, automatic control theory and technology, etc. Based on the theoretical and technical research and development, have outstanding scientists and outstanding young technology innovation talents, their research and development to promote development achievements made important contributions, Second, through science and technology development, as a new subject formation and development, education system, especially the higher education will appear new discipline education arises, and cultivate new discipline 河北工程大学毕业设计（论文） 附录2talents. China ministry of education has been around for years measuring instrument and control subjects established level education system, the subject is chosen instrument science and technology , national nearly 250 universities set up corresponding professional, more than 30,000 undergraduates and 10,000 graduate study at school. Our university for instrument science and technology for the subject, the professional training target and norms for measuring instrument and control field training hundreds of thousands of discipline technical talents, Third, the instrument measuring and control engineering discipline is a discipline, and adapt to the formation and development of industry development is the material base and technical support. Our instruments industry has the large scale, it will also detailed below, therefore, the instrument measuring and control subjects, but not in the tower has strong vitality and development space, Fourth, the instrument measuring and control subjects have a national state level of academic groups - China instrument association. To promote the progress of subjects in the work and achieved significant results. Especially in recent years to develop disciplines, not only strengthen the research progress of the discipline construction, and enrich the content and extension subject for the development of the discipline of space. Today I part of speech, is based on the subject to write report on progress.About our instruments and control the basic situation of the industry, let us know some statistical data. 2007 China instrument industry scale enterprises above 3954 for home, achieve output 3078 billion yuan, sales income reached 3005 billion yuan, both breakthrough 3000 million yuan. Compared with the same period of 2004 1000 billion yuan in 2006, 200 billion yuan, 4 years more than 30% annual growth rate. 30 billion yuan of sales and export commodities reached 88 billion dollars, up the previous 36%. At present, our country instrument measuring and controlling industry has formed a complete varieties, layout categories is reasonable, the technical basis and considerable scale production industry system, China is in Asia outside Japans second largest producer of instrument, is developing country strong comprehensive strength of instrumentation producer. From the analysis of 河北工程大学毕业设计（论文） 附录2the technical level, the products at most domestic instrument is developed in the middle of 90s of 20th century. Cheap product varieties, can complete production, quality stable, which can satisfy the requirements of domestic market, and a batch export. Such as electrician instruments in the domestic market share, and 95 percent product export. Shenzhen annual production and sales of digital multimeters 700 million more than 90 countries around the world. Domestic instrument, also have a few high-grade products to the international technical level. In the national key torch-plan projects, especially to the development of independent innovation of aviation and national security fields, have been part of instrument technology new breakthrough. The satellite carries in eight kinds of detecting instrument is our scientific and technological personnel of independent research and design, not only in the overall technology achieved the international advanced level, and have their own characteristics and innovation. In engineering application technology, have been able to bear part of national engineering instrumentation systems. About our instruments and control of significant progress, here comes back to specifically enumerated many will no longer.According to the different application, we used to measure the instrumentation and control is divided into six types, namely, industrial automation instrument and control system, scientific instruments, medical instrument, electronic and electrical measurement instruments, all kinds of special instrument, sensors and instrumentation components and materials. This is a general classification, there are many crossover and penetration. Industrial automation instrument and control system, and is mainly used in industrial production process control and testing, Scientific instruments, including both extremely extensive scientific research and teaching experiment, material analysis, safety monitoring of various fields, Medical instrument application in life science research and clinical diagnosis and treatment, Electronic and electrical measurement instrument used for various electronic and electrical parameters measurement, All kinds of special instrument applied in various fields, 河北工程大学毕业设计（论文） 附录2such as the agricultural, environmental protection, climate, hydrology, geology, Marine, etc, this kind of instrument except the special requirements of applications, they have some particularity, the basic principle and application methods of scientific instruments with other instruments and no essential difference, Sensors, components and functional materials mainly used in signal, instrument making and using materials. Sensor has become measuring instrument and the influence to the development and application of control is the key. All kinds of instruments on basic theory and technique, measurement instrument and control system of the basic content of the industry, they become instrument measuring and controlling system of industry, and the important component of their development and determines the instrument measuring control in the future.When we analyze current measurement instrument and control, cannot understand clearly that it is compared with the international advanced level, and the countrys economic and social development of the actual need, compared with a large gap still exists. The gap is comprehensive, the most crucial have three points:First, our instruments industry in small scale, low value, enterprise is also in small scale, low value. In 2007, our instruments industry output 30 million yuan, total industrial output value of 2.5%. Ten years ago, the United States instruments industry output has achieved 4 billion dollars, the total industrial output value of 4%. Now, the instrument enterprise is more than 20 million dollars less than 50, Chinas largest instrument enterprise, the instrument group is 80 million yuan RMB, the sichuan apparatus group of 60 million yuan RMB. Two comparison, the gap is too great. Industry and the size of the enterprise and value directly affect the industry development and vitality. To narrow the gap, and eliminate the need for 10 years, we strive for 20 years.Second, our instruments product quality, variety also exist some problems. Product reliability and stability, long-term since no fundamental solutions, severely affect marketing and normal use. Many large precise instrument, we also produce almost entirely on imports of 河北工程大学毕业设计（论文） 附录2domestic demand. In 2007, our products are exported to set the instrument imported us $8.8 billion, but it reached $17.2 billion deficit of $84 billion, equipment manufacturing, become the most. This problem is not solved, our instruments and measurement control subjects and industrial development will not escape passive situation. BehindThird, our instruments industry innovation ability is not strong, still cannot assume responsibility of technological innovation. International instrument technology innovation consciousness, product update cycle only about 2-4 years, most of the enterprise sales more than half are from almost five years of market with new products. But our instrumentation products many also along from the 1980s technology import product, considerable enterprise product is 10 years on a consistent, glide. Independent innovation ability is not strong reason is various, the biggest impact among two: one is the innovation of science and technology development invested too little. Foreign enterprise technology innovation fund commonly used for 8 to 10 sales income, and our country enterprise invested more than 3-5% less, how much, and sales income was greatly limits the effective development of science and technology innovation, 2 is one of the leading factor, some value innovation, more innovative talents is scarce. CPC put forward, to improve the ability of independent innovation, building the innovative country is the core of the national development strategy, the key is to improve the comprehensive national strength. Enterprise to promote science and technology innovation ability, has become the urgent mission.Three characteristics and trendsNowadays, the instrument measuring and controlling the development trend of the stability of the product is: face, reliability and flexibility requirement enhances unceasingly, Technical indicators and function constantly improve, First to adopt new achievements in scientific research, High technology used in great quantities, Instruments and control unit of micro miniaturization, intelligent become increasingly obvious, Measuring instrument and requirements can be used independently, unit and networked embedded use, Instrument measuring scope extended to the three-dimensional, globalization, 河北工程大学毕业设计（论文） 附录2Measurement function to systematic, network development, Portable, portable and personalized instrument development. Technical features: a combination of new technology, research instruments related type sensor, components and materials and technology innovation development, on the basis of new weak signal detection, sensing, sensitive, fusion technology, material atomic and molecular level detection technique, composed of complex samples coupled analysis technology, life sciences in situ, real-time, and online, high sensitivity, high throughput, high selectivity detection technology, creating various new detection instrumentation, With the development of theory and cybernetics, in the development of industrial automation control of on-line analysis and control, in-situ analysis and control, high reliability, high performance and high adaptability, on the basis of technical innovation and development of industrial automation instrument and control system, Combination of science of human life science, the development of medical treatment, in the development of health monitoring, early diagnosis, nondestructive and diagnosis, treatment, and then look for accurate positioning therapy on the basis of technical development of medical instruments, Also follow a new discipline and various application development, the development of special, quick, automatic detection and measurement technology and special instruments.Industrial automation instrument and control system in the production and scientific instruments, and market both occupied with the measurement instrument, is half the total control instrument measuring and controlling system of the two big pillar. Due to the limited time, lets put the main focus on the future development of two kinds of instruments.Industrial automation instrument an