形容词、副词

1 形容词和副词 一 形容词定义和用法 形容词是用来描写或修饰名词或代词的一类词 表示人或事物的性质 状态和 特征 形容词的一般用法 用法例句 My mother looks happy The flowers are beautiful The leaves turn yellow in autumn The blue pen is mine Is there anything interesting in today s newspaper This new book is Lily s We keep the classroom clean You should keep the door and window closed when you leave home I find it important to learn English well Eager to see the sunrise they got up early Unhappy with the result he returned to work Curious we looked around 2 形容词作定语时的位置 一般情况下 形容词作定语放在被修饰词之前 如 a red flower an interesting book a beautiful girl 但在下列情况下 形容词要放在被修饰词后面 2 1 proper 本身的 present 在场的 出席的 involved 有关的 concerned 相 关的 left 剩下的 objecting 反对的 mentioned 提及的 selected 当选 的 等作定语时只能放在所修饰的名词或代词后 在场的人 有关的内容 剩下的水 提到的问题 当选的学生 市区本身 2 形容词作定语修饰由 some any every no 和 body thing one 等构成 的复合不定代词时 需后置 There is nobody absent absent nobody today Is there wrong anything anything wrong with your car I have heard something interesting interesting something about you 3 else 修饰不定代词和疑问代词时 要后置 Nobody else Else nobody is so silly as you are Do you have else anything anything else to say 4 形容词短语一般后置 一个难相处的人 一个好学的学生 5 以 a 开头的形容词做定语要后置 如 alike alive alone asleep afraid awake 如 一个唯一清醒的人 两本相像的书 一个睡着的婴儿 一个单独的房间 6 以 able 或 ble 结尾的形容词可置于由形容词最高级或 only 等词修饰的名词后 面 唯一可能的解决办法 可以得到的最好的书 7 和空间 时间 单位连用时 五岁大 50 米长 3 3 多个形容词修饰名词时的顺序 当两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时 与被修饰的名词关系较密切的形容 词靠近名词 如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多 则音节少的形容词在前 音 节多的在后 如 a small wonderful gift 常用的顺序为 限定词 冠词 形容词性物主代词 指示代词 数词 描 绘性形容词 beautiful bad 等 大小 长短 高低 形状等形体性形容词 large long high 等 新旧 new old 颜色 red 等 国籍 Chinese 等 材料 用途 被修饰名词 如 a beautiful long old red Chinese wood writing desk 限定描述大长高 形状年龄与新老 颜色国籍出材料 用途类别往后靠 John Smith a successful businessman has a car 04 辽宁 A large German white B large white German C white large German D German large white This girl is Linda s cousin 05 北京卷 A pretty little Spanish B Spanish little pretty C Spanish pretty little D little pretty Spanish One day they crossed the bridge behind the palace A old Chinese stone B Chinese old stone C old stone Chinese D Chinese stone old Excuse me but would you please hand me that toy bear A red beautiful cotton B beautiful red cotton C beautiful cotton red D red cotton beautiful 第一座美丽的中国小白木桥 1 条昂贵的紫色棉裙 两件破旧的棕色羊毛外套 4 4 形容词的比较级和最高级的构成规则 1 规则变化 构成原级比较级最高级 一般加 er 和 eststrong 以字母 e 结尾直接加 r 和 st large 以一个辅音字母结尾的重 读闭音节 双写这一个辅 音字母 再加 er 和 est big hot thin 以 辅音字母 y 结尾的 词 改 y 为 i 再加 er 和 est angry early 多音节及某些双音节词 在词前加 more 和 most important useful 注意 以 元音字母 y 时 y 不变 直接加 er 和 est gray 少数双音节词及以 er le 结尾的词 可以有两种比较级和最高级 common clever simple 在原级形容词之前加 less least 构成的比较级与最高级称为 较低级 与 最 低级 形式 kind useful 有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度 故没有比较级和最 高级 如 right wrong excellent final last possible first east empty wooden impossible 5 2 不规则变化 原级比较级最高级 good bad ill little much many far 指距离更远的 指距离更远的 程度更深的 指距离最远的 指距离最远的 程度最深 的 old指年龄 新旧 指血缘 指血缘 指年龄 新旧 指血缘 指血缘 late 5 副词的定义 分类及用法 副词 用来修饰动词 形容词 其它副词 名词词组及句子的词 分类 1 时间副词 soon now early finally once recently 2 地点副词 here nearby outside upwards above 3 方式副词 hard well fast slowly excitedly really 4 程度副词 almost nearly very fairly quite rather 5 频度副词 always often frequently seldom never 6 疑问副词 how where when why 6 7 连接副词 how when where why whether however meanwhile 8 关系副词 when where why 副词的一般用法 用法例句 My mother is out Lily is not here at the moment Is anybody in The girl there is my friend The old there greeted to us warmly The people here are all from USA He runs fast Honestly he is unfit for the job The light was bad so he drove slowly I found him outside I saw the kite up and down Put your dirty socks away 7 副词的位置 1 时间副词 地点副词和一些方式副词一般放在句末 如果句中同时出现几个 副词 其顺序是 方式副词 时间副词 地点副词 如 He told it to me angrily at school yesterday He went quietly I saw him yesterday 7 He often comes here 2 频度副词一般放在行为动词前 助动词 系动词 情态动词后 I have often been told not to do it She always goes to school at seven 3 程度副词 enough 除外 一般放在被修饰的形容词 副词或动词前 It is a very interesting book He plays the piano fairly well I quite understand enough 作副词 放在所修饰的词后 作形容词置于名词前后均可 You are old enough to go to school There is enough water for us to drink 4 副词修饰全句时的位置 1 大多数修饰全句的副词可以置于句首 句中或句末 或与其他部分用逗号隔 开 Indeed I didn t know where he was We still felt very happy however He did not however accept my invitation 2 有些副词可以表明我们对自己正在说的话所持的态度 或者起到连接上下文 的作用 此类副词往往置于句首 Honestly he is still unfit for the job Actually you re mistake 8 两种形式的副词用法 1 有些与形容词同形的副词表示具体的概念 而加 ly 的副词表示抽象的概念 high wide deep close 8 highly widely deeply closely 2 两种形式的副词含义迥然不同 late hard just most lately hardly justly mostly 3 词形不同但含义接近 1 easy easily 作为副词 easy 常用于一些习语中 其他情况皆用 easily take it easy easier said than done go easy easy come easy go 2 wrong wrongly right rightly 用在动词后面时 wrong right 可替代 wrongly rightly 但在其他位置时必须用 wrongly rightly I wrong wrongly believed that he would help me You guessed right rightly 3 tight tightly 在过去分词前多用 tightly He held my hand tight ly The bags were tight tightly packed 4 fair fairly play fair fight fair hit strike fair and square 4 有些以 ly 结尾的词是形容词 而不是副词 friendly lovely weekly orderly brotherly motherly manly timely lively lonely likely deadly ugly silly 9 9 形容词和副词比较等级 1 平级比较 1 表示被比较双方在某一方面相等或相同时 用 as 形容词或副词的原级 名词 as 如果涉及数量 用 as much 不可数名词 as 或 as many 可数名词 as 同时可以用 the same 名词 as 结构 Henry is a worker as good as Peter It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science He recited as much poem as he could remember She s as good an actress as she is a singer He doesn t play half as well as his sister There are as many seats in this hall as in that hall 2 表示被比较双方在某一方面不相等或不相同时 用 not so as 形容词或副词的原级 名词 as 或 be different from 结构 English is not so difficult a subject as Russia Xiao Li is not as so tall as his brother 2 比较级 1 比较级的修饰语常见的有 rather much still even far any 用于否定 句或疑问句 a lot a little a great deal by far a bit three times 等 如 The students study even harder than before 学生们学习比以前更努力了 2 the 比较级 the 比较级 表示 越 越 The more tickets you sell 你卖的票越多 挣的钱越多 the less attention he paid to you 你说得越多 他越不注意听你讲 3 比较级 and 比较级 表示 越来越 如 10 The new city is becoming 这个新城市变得越来越美丽了 4 the 比较级 of the two 名词 表示 两个中较 的那个 如 is my brother 那两个男孩中较高的那个是我的哥哥 5 一个人的两种性质的比较 用 more than 结构 意为 与其 不 如 如 Ann acts quite unfriendly I think she s more shy than unfriendly more shy 不可变为 shyer 安表现得很不友好 6 比较的对象不能相互包含 常见的句型是 any other 单数名词 all the other 复数名词 比较级 than anyone else any of the other 复数名词 the rest of 复数名词或不可数名词 如 The Mississippi River is longer than any other river in the United States 密西西比河比美国其他任何一条河都长 China is larger than any country in Africa 中国比非洲任何国家都大 题组训练 句型转换 She is the cleverest student in my class She is cleverer than in my class She is cleverer than in my class She is cleverer than in my class 11 She is cleverer than in my class She is cleverer than in my class 7 no 比较级 than 表示 和 一样不 即两者都不 not 比较级 than 表示 不如 仅否定前者 即表示前者不 如后者 His English is no better than mine His English is not better than mine He is no taller than I He is not taller than I 8 can t be 动词 比较级 表示 非常 太 再没有比那更 I can t thank you more I can t agree with you more This room can t be bigger 3 最高级 1 三方或三方以上进行比较时 最高级前多用 the 基本形式为 the 形容词 或副词的最高级 名词 表示范围的短语 of in among 或从句 李华在所有学生中是最高的 北京是中国最美的城市之一 2 最高级的修饰语常见的有 序数词 a lot a little a bit a great deal much even any still no rather far by far nearly almost by no means not really not quite nothing like 如 The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River 目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最長的桥 10 倍数的表达 times 表时倍数时 通常用于三倍以上 两倍用 twice double 12 1 A is times as 形容词 副词原级 as B Your school is three times as big as my school 2 A is times 形容词 副词比较级 than B Your school is three times bigger than my school 3 A is times the 性质名词 尺寸 长 宽 高 深等 of B Your school is three times the size of my school 4 The 名词 be times what 从句 The size of this school is three times what it was ten years ago 5 The 名词 be times that those of The room is lager than that one by three times 6 The 名词 be 比较级 than by 倍数 The depth of this river is three times that of Wenhe River 练习 1 Mr Hilton is very pleased with the newly built house which is almost the one he used to live in A the twice size of B as twice big as C bigger twice than D twice the size of 2 Chery a car maker in Anhui province sold nearly 700 000 units in 2011 with the total value it was in 2005 A more than three times what B three times more than that C over three times than what D over three times of what 3 The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times as big the present one 13 练习 1 They don t realize that the competition is stronger and the required sta