【精品】阅读材料

精品精品 阅读材料阅读材料 Directions In thispart you willhave15minutes to go overthe passagequickly and answer thequestions onAnswer Sheet1 For questions1 7 choose the best answerfrom thefour choicesmarked A B C and D For questions8 10 plete the sentences with the informationgiven in the passage 一 How DoYou SeeDiversity As a manager Tiffany isresponsible forinterviewing applicantsfor some of the positions with her pany During oneinterview she noticedthat the candidate nevermade directeye contact She waspuzzled andsomewhat disappointedbecause sheliked theindividual otherwise He had a perfectresume andgave goodresponses toher questions but thefact that he neverlooked her in the eye said untrustworthy so shedecided tooffer thejob toher secondchoice It wasn t untilI attendeda diversity workshop thatI realizedthe personwe passedover was the perfectperson Tiffany confesses What she hadn t knownat thetime of the interviewwas that thecandidate s different behavior wassimply acultural misunderstanding He was an Asian American raisedin ahousehold whererespect forthose in authority wasshown by averting 避开 your eyes I wasjust thrownoff bythe lack of yecontact not realizingit wascultural Tiffany says I missedout but willnot missthat opportunityagain Many ofus havehad similarencounters withbehaviors weperceive asdifferent As the world beessmaller andour workplacesmore diverse it isbeing essentialto expandour under standing of others andto reexaminesomeof our falseassumptions Hire AdvantageAt atime whenhiring qualifiedpeople isbeing moredifficult employers whocan eliminateinvalid biases 偏爱 from theprocess havea distinctadvantage My pany Mindsets LLC helps organizations and individuals see their own blindspots A real estate recruiterwe workedwith illustrates the positivedifference suchtraining canmake During myMindsets coachingsession I wastaught how to recruita diversifiedworkforce I recruitedpeople fromdifferent cultures and skillsets The agentswere able to utilizetheir full potential andexperiences tobuild upthe pany When the realestate market beganto change it wasbecause wehada diverse agentpool thatwe were able to stay in the realestatemarketmuch longerthan othersin the same profession Blinded byGender Daleis anaount executivewho attended one of my workshopson supervisingadiverse workforce Through one of thesessions I discoveredmy personalbias he recalls I learnedI hadnot beenlooking ata personas awhole person and beingopen to differences In hiscase the blindnesswas notabout culturebut rathergender I hada managementposition openin mydepartment and thetwo finalistswerea man anda woman Had Inot attendedthis workshop I would have automaticallyassumed theman wasthe bestcandidate becausethe positionrequired quitea bitof extensivetravel My reasoningwould have been thateven thoughboth candidateswere greatand couldhave beensuessful in theposition I assumedthe womanwould havewanted to be homewith herchildren andnot travel Dale s assumptionsare anotherexample of the well intentioned butincorrect thinkingthat limitsan organization s abilityto tapinto the full potentialof adiverseworkforce I learned from theclass thatinstead ofimposing mygender biasesinto thesituation I neededto presentthefullrange ofduties responsibilities andexpectations to all candidatesand allowthem tomake aninformed decision Dale creditsthe workshop because ithelped memake decisionsbased onfairness Year of the Know It All Dougis anothersupervisor whoattendedoneof myworkshops He recallsa majorlesson learnedfrom hisown employee One of my mostembarrassing momentswas whenI hada Chinese American employeeput ina requestto taketime offto celebrateChinese New Year In myignorance I assumedhe hadhis dateswrong asthe first ofJanuary hadjust passed When Iadvised himof this I gavehim a long talking to aboutturning inrequests earlywiththeproper dates He patientlywaited then whenI wasdone he saidhe wouldlike Chinese NewYeardid notbegin Januaryfirst and thatChineseNewYear which istied to the lunarcycle is oneof the most celebratedholidays on the Chinesecalendar Needless tosay I feltvery embarrassedin assuminghehadhis datesmixed up But Ilearned a great dealabout assumptions and that the timingof holidaysvaries considerablyfrom cultureto culture Attending thediversityworkshophelped merealize howmuch Icould learnby simplyasking questionsand creatingdialogues withmy employees rather thanmaking assumptions and tryingto be a know it all Doug admits The biggestthing Itook away from theworkshop islearning howto be more inclusive todifferences A betterBottom LineAn openmind aboutdiversity notonly improvesorganizations internally it isprofitable aswell These mentsfrom acustomer servicerepresentative showhow aninclusive attitudecan improvesales Most ofmy customersspeak Englishas asecond language One of thebestthings mypany hasdone is to contractwith a language servicethat offerstranslations overthe phone It wasn t untilmy bossreceived Mindsets training thatshe was able tounderstand howimportant inclusivenesswas tocustomer service As result our customerbase hasincreased Once westart tosee peopleas individuals and discardthe stereotypes we canmove positivelytoward inclusivenessfor everyone Diversity isabout ingtogether andtaking advantageof ourdifferences andsimilarities It isabout buildingbetter munitiesand organizationsthat enhanceus as individuals andreinforce ourshared humanity When we begin toquestion ourassumptionsandchallenge whatwe thinkwe havelearnedfromour past from themedia peers family friends etc webegin to realize that someofourconclusions areflawed 有缺陷的 or contraryto ourfundamental values We need to trainour selves to think differently shift ourmindsets andrealizethatdiversity opensdoors for all ofus creating opportunitiesin organizationsand munitiesthat benefiteveryone 1 What botheredTiffany duringan interviewwithhercandidate A He justwouldn t lookherin theeye B He wasslow in answering herquestions C His answersto someof herquestions wereirrelevant D His answersto someof herquestions wereirrelevant 2 Tiffany s misjudgmentabout thecandidate stemmedfrom A Racial stereotypes C Racial stereotypes B Invalid personalbias D Emphasis onphysical appearance3 What isbeing essentialin thecourse ofeconomic globalizationaording to the author A Hiring qualifiedtechnical andmanagement personnel B Increasing understandingof peopleofothercultures C Constantly updatingknowledge andequipment D Expanding domesticand internationalmarkets 4 What kindof organizationis MindsetsLLC A A realestate agency C A culturalexchange organization B A personneltraining pany D A hi tech pany5 After oneof theworkshops aount executiveDale realized that A He hadhired thewrong person B He couldhave donemore forhis pany C He hadnot managedhis workforcewell D He mustget rid of hisgender bias 6 What didDale thinkof MindsetsLLC s workshop A It waswell intentioned butpoorly conducted B It tappedinto theexecutives fullpotential C It helpedhim makefair decisions D It metparticipants diverse needs 7 How didDoug a supervisor respond toa Chinese American employee s requestfor leave A He toldhim to get thedates right C He flatlyturned itdown B He demandedan explanation D He readilyapproved it 8 Doug feltwhen herealizedthathis assumptionwas wrong 9 After attendingMindsets workshops the participantscame toknow theimportance ofto theirbusiness 10 When weview peopleasindividualsand getridofstereotypes we canachieve diversityand benefitfrom thebetween us 二 Helicopter Momsvs Free Range KidsWould youlet yourfourth grader ridepublic transportationwithout anadult Probably not Still when Lenore Skenazy a columnistfor the New YorkSun wrote aboutletting her son take the subwayalone toget backto Long storyshort my songot homefrom adepartment store on the Upper EastSide she didn t expecttogethit witha waveof criticismfrom readers Long storyshort My songot home overjoyed with independence Skenazy wrote on April4in theNew YorkSun Long storylonger Half thepeople I ve toldthis episodeto nowwant toturn onin forchild abuse As ifkeeping kidsunder lockand keyand cellphone andcareful watchis theright way to rearkids It s not It s debilitating 使虚弱 for usand for them Online messageboards weresoon fullof peopleboth applaudingand condemningSkenazy s decisionto lether songo it alone She woundup defendingherself onN aompanied byher son and onpopular blogslike thebuffington post where herfollow up piecewas ironicallyheadlined More FromAmerica s WorstMom The episodehas ignitedanother oneof thosedebates thatdivides parentsinto vocalopposing camps Are Modernparents needlesslyoverprotective or is the worlda moreplicated anddangerous placethan itwas whenprevious generationswere allowed to wanderabout unsupervised From the she sanirresponsible mother camp came Shame onyou forbeing socareless abouthis safety in Commentson the buffongton post And therewas thisfrom amother of four How wouldyou havefelt ifhe didn t ehome But Skenazy got a lot ofsupport too with womenand menwriting in with storiesabout howthey wereallowedto take tripsall bythem selvesat sevenor eight She alsogot heapsof praisefor buckingthe helicopter parent trend Good for this Mom one menterwroteon thebuffongtonpost This isa much needed realitycheck Last week encouraged byall theattention Skenazy startedher ownblog Free Range kids promoting theidea thatmodern childrenneed someof the same independencethat hergeneration had In thegood olddays nine year old babyboomers rodetheir bikesto school walked to the store took buses and evensubways all bythemselves Her blog she says is dedicatedto sensibleparenting At FreeRange Kids we believein safekids We believein carseats andsafety belts We doNOT believethat everytime school age childrengo outside they needa securityguard So whyare someparents sonervous aboutletting theirchildren outof theirsight Are citiesand townsless safeand kidsmore vulnerableto crimeslike childkidnap andsexual abusethan they were inprevious generations Not exactly New YorkCity for instance is saferthan it s everbeen it s ranked36thincrime amongall Americancities Nationwide stringer kidnapsare extremelyrare there saone in a million chancea childwill betaken bya stranger aording tothe JusticeDepartment And90percent ofsexual abusecases aremitted bysomeone the child knows Mortality ratesfrom allcauses including diseaseand aidents for Americanchildren arelower nowthan theywere25years ago Aording toChild Trends a nonprofitresearch group between1980andxxdeath ratesdropped by44percent forchildren aged5to14and32percent forteens aged15to19 Then there sthewhole questionof whethermodern parents are morewatchful andnervous aboutsafety thanprevious generations Yes some are Part of the problemis thatwith wallto wallInter andcable news every missingchild casegets somuch airtimethat it s notsurprising evennormal parentalanxiety can be amplified And manymiddle class parentshave gottenused tomanaging theirchildren s timeand shuttlingthem tovarious enrichingactivities so theidea ofletting themout on theirowncan seemlike arisk Back in1972 when manyof today s parentswere kids 87percent ofchildren wholived withina mileof schoolwalked orbiked every day But today the Centersfor DiseaseControl reportthat only13percent ofchildren bike walk orotherwise tthemselves toschool The extrasupervision isboth acity anda suburbphenomenon Parents are worried aboutcrime and they areworriedabout kidsgetting caughtin trafficinacity that s notused topedestrians On theother hand there arestill plentyof kidswhose parentsgive thema lotof independence by choiceor bynecessity The AfterSchool Alliancefinds thatmore than14million kidsaged5to17are responsiblefor takingcare of themselves afterschool Only6 5million kidsparticipate inorganized programs Many children who haveworking parentshave to take the subway orbus toget toschool Many do this bythemselves becausethey have no otherway toget tothe schools says Dr Richard Gallagher director ofthe ParentingInstitute attheNew York UniversityChild StudyCenter For thoseparents whowonder how and when they shouldstart allowingtheir kidsmore freedom there s noclear cut answer Child expertsdiscourage aone size fits all approachto parenting What s rightfor Skenazy s nine year old could be inappropriatefor anotherone It alldepends ondevelopmental issue maturity and thepsychological and emotional makeupof thatchild Several factorsmust betaken intoaount says Gallagher The abilityto followparent guidelines thechild s levelof fortin handlingsuch situations anda child s generaljudgment shouldbe weighed Gallagher agreeswith Skenazythat manynine year olds areready forindependence liketaking publictransportation alone At certaintimes ofthe day on certainroutes the subwaysare generallysafe for these children especially if they havegrown upin thecity andhave beentaught howto besafe howtoobtain helpiftheyare concernedfor theirsafety and howto avoidunsafe situationsby beingwatchful andontheirtoes But evenwith moretraffic andfewer sidewalks modern parentsdo haveone advantagetheir parentsdidn t the cellphone Being ableto checkinwitha childanytime goesalongway towardrelieving parentalanxiety andmay helpparents loosentheir controla littlesooner Skenazygotalotof criticismbecause shedidn t giveher kidher cellphone becauseshe thought he d loseit andwanted himto learntogoitalonewithout dependingon mom a majorprinciple offree range parenting But mostparentsare more thanhappy touse cell phones tokeep trackof their kids And forthose wholike theidea offree range kidsbut stillstruggle withtheir innerhelicopter parent there may be amiddle way A newgeneration of GPS cellphones withtracking softwaremake iteasier thanever tofollow achild s everymovement viathe Inter without seemingto interfereor hover Of course whentheygo tocollege they mightstart objectingto beingmonitored asthey reonparole 假释 注意此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答 1 When LenoreSkenazy s sonwas allowedtotakethesubwayalone he A was afraidthathemight getlost B enjoyed havingthe independenceC was onlytoo pleasedtotakethe riskD thoughthewas anexceptional child2 LenoreSkenazybelieves thatkeeping kidsunder carefulwatch A hinders theirhealthy growthB adds toomuch toparents expenses C shows traditionalparental cautionD bucks thelatest parentingtrend3 Skenazy s decisionto lethersontaketheSubway alonehas metwith A opposition fromher ownfamily B official chargeof abuseC approval frompsychologists D somewhat mixedresponses4 Skenazy startedher ownblog to A promote sensibleparenting B share parentingexperience C fight againstchild abuseD protect children s rights5 Aording tothe author NewYorkCity A ranks highin roadaidents B is muchsafe thanbefore C ranks lowin childmortality ratesD is lessdangerous thansmall cities6 Parents todayare morenervous abouttheirkids safety thanprevious generationsbecause A there arenow fewerchildren in the familyB the numberof trafficaidents has been increasingC their fearis amplifiedby mediaexposure ofcrime D crime rateshavebeenontherise overthe years7 Aording tochild experts howandwhen kidsmaybeallowed morefreedom dependson A the traditionsand customsofthemunity B the safetyconditions oftheir neighborhoodC their parents psychological makeupD their maturityand personalqualities8 Aording toGallagher andSkenazy childrenwhoare watchfulwill bebetter abletostayawayfrom 9 Being ableto find out whereachildis anytimehelps lessenparents 10 Nowadays withthe helpofGPScellphones parents can from adistance track theirchildren s 三 Every yearin thefirst weekofmyEnglish class some students inform methat writhingis toohard They neverwrite unless assignments47it They fihe writingprocess48and difficult How awfulto beableto speak inalanguagebut notto write in it 49English with itsrich vocabulary Being abletospeakbut not write is like livinginan50mansion 豪宅 and neverleaving onesmall room When Imeet studentswho think they can twrite I knowasateacher my51is toshow themthe restoftherooms My taskis tobuild fluencywhile providingthe opportunityinherent inany writingactivity to52the moralandemotionaldevelopment ofmy students One greatwaytodothisis byhaving studentswrite ina journalin classeveryday Writing abilityislikestrength training Writing needsto bedone53 just likeexercise just asmuscles growstronger withexercise writing skillsimprove quicklywith writingpractice I oftensee arise instudent confidenceand54after onlya fewweeks ofjournal writing Expressing oneselfin writingis oneofthemost importantskills Iteach tostrengthen thewhole student When mystudents practicejournal writing theyarepracticing fortheir futureacademic political and55lives They buildskills sothat someday theymight writeagreatnovel a pieceof sorelyneeded legislation orthe perfect loveletter Every daythat theywritein their journalsputs thema step56to fluency eloquence 雄辩 and mandof language A closer I painful B daily J performance C emotional K profession D enhance L remarkably E enormous M require F especially N sensitive G hinder O urge H mission 四 There is nothing newabout TVand fashionmagazines givinggirls unhealthyideas abouthow thinthey needto bein orderto beconsidered beautiful What issurprising is the methodpsycholo gistsattheUniversity ofTexas havee upwith tokeep girlsfrom developingeating disorders Their mainweapon againstsuperskinny role models a brandof civildisobedience dubbed body activism Sincexx more than1 000high schooland collegestudentsintheU S have participatedinthe Body Project which worksby gettinggirls tounderstand howthey havebeen buyinginto the notion thatyou haveto be thin tobe happyor suessful After critiquing 评论 the so called thinideal bywriting essaysand role playing withtheir peers participants aredirected toe upwith andexecute small nonviolent acts They includeslipping notessaying Love yourbody theway it is into dietingbooks atstores likeBorders andwriting lettersto Mattel makers ofthe impossiblyproportioned Barbiedoll Aording toa studyinthelatest issueoftheJournal ofConsulting andClinical Psychology the riskof developingeating disorderswas reduc