牛津英语----小学重点知识总结

小学重点知识总结小学重点知识总结 一 单词一 单词 一 词形转换 China 形容词 Chinese here 同音词 hear lesson 同义词 class good 反义词 bad interest 形容词 interesting buy 同音词 by bye minus 反义词 plus she 宾格 her right 同音词 write he 宾格 him right 反义词 wrong left open 反义词 close good 副词 well 二 同音词 1 seasee 6 knowno 2 meatmeet 7 forfour 3 Ieye 8 buyBye by 4 tootwo to 9 wearwhere 5 sunson 10 hourour 三 对应词 1 brothersister 9 uncleaunt 2 thisthat 10 morningevening 3 grandfathergrandmother 11 tomorrowyesterday 4 manwoman 12 waitresswaiter 5 daughterson 13 redgreen 6 motherfather 14 wifehusband 7 thesethose 15 girlfriendboyfriend 8 girlboy 二 重要句型 1 What day is it today It s 该句用来询问今天是星期几 回答为 It s eg What day is it today It s Wednesday 2 What lessons do you have in the morning 上午你们有什么课 We have and 该句用来询问别人在上午有什么课程 注意 lesson 要用复数形式 lessons eg What lessons do you have in the afternoon We have Chinese Maths English and Science 3 What subject do you like 你喜欢什么科目 I like Social Science 该句用来询问对方喜欢哪一门学科 4 How many lessons do they have a week 他们一周内有多少节课 该句用来询问一周有多少节课 询问数量时 用 how many 对可数名词进行提问 用 how much 对不可数名词进行提问 例题讲解 1 It s Tuesday 今天星期二 对划线部分提问 What day is it today 今天星期几 2 I like English and Maths 对划线部分提问 What subject do you like 你喜欢什么科目 3 We have eight subjects this term 对划线部分提问 How many subjects do you have this term 对数量提问用 how many 4 We have Chinese Maths and English in the morning 对划线部分提问 What lessons do you have in the morning 你们早上有什么课 5 How do you feel now 你现在觉得怎么样啊 I feel tired hot thirsty ill 我觉得 累的 热的 渴的 病的 I can get a some for you feel 后面接形容词 get 带 后面可接可数名词或不可数名词 结构为 get sb sth get sth for sb 带某物给 某人 e g I can get a chair for you I can get some medicine for you 6 What s wrong with you 你怎么了 相当于 What s the matter with you with 后面跟人称代词用宾格 I ve got a fever toothache 我得了 发烧 牙痛 I ve I have 若人是 she he 时 变为 She s He s got a 这里 She s She has He s He is e g what s wrong with her him What s the matter with her him 她 他怎么了 She s He s got a fever have has 后面才用 got 其他情况都用 get I m sorry to hear that 听到这我感到很抱歉 7 打电话的常识 打电话时 通常用 this 指代自己 用 that 指代对方 不能用 I 指代自己 用 you 指代对方 当告诉对方你是谁 应说 This is speaking 当想问谁在接电话 可以问 Who s that 或 Is that 如果致电某人 当电话接通后 应说 May I speak to 如果有人打错电话 你应说 Sorry wrong number eg Hello This is Yang Ling speaking Hello who s that This is Ben May I speak to Lily Yes speaking This is Lily speaking 8 关于业余爱好 1 我们可以问 Do you have any hobbies 你有些爱好吗 Yes I do I like taking photos 是的 我有 我喜欢 拍照 No I don t 不 我不喜欢 可以拓展为 Does Ben have any hobbies Yes he does He likes collecting Chinese stamps 本有爱好吗 是的 他喜欢收集中国邮票 Does your uncle have the same hobby Yes he does 你叔叔有同样的爱好吗 是的 注意 当人是第三人称单数时 do 变为 does does 后面用动词原形 2 也可以问 What s your hobby I like growing flowers Me too 你的爱好是什么 我喜欢种花 我 也是 What s your grandmother s hobby She likes making clothes 你祖母的爱好是什么 他 喜欢做衣服 总结 What be one s hobby One s hobby is doing sth 或许或许 Sb likes 3 叙述某人的爱好 我们可以说 He She likes going shopping 他 她喜欢 去购物 He She doesn t like growing flowers 他 她不喜欢 种花 9 询问几点了 可以用 What s the time What time is it It s 10 的时间到了 该 了 It s time to 动词原形 如 It s time to have breakfast It s time for 名词或 v ing 如 It s time for breakfast having breakfast eg What time is it It s a quarter past seven It s time for school 几点了 十点五十分 该吃饭了 What s the time It s ten to eleven It s time for lunch 几点了 十点五十分 该吃饭了 拓展 There is no time to do sth 没有时间做某事了没有时间做某事了 There is no time for sth doing sth Be ready to do sth 准备好做某事准备好做某事 Be ready for sth doing sth eg There is no time for breakfast There is no time to have breakfast 11 I want to make a cake Do you want to join me No I m cooking rice 我想做蛋糕 你想加入我吗 不 我正在做饭 介词介词 动词动词 人称代词 用宾格 人称代词 用宾格 eg help me 帮助我 call her him 给她 他打电话 follow me 跟我学 listen to me 听我讲 find him 找到他 Let s let us 让我们 12 What time do you go to school I go to school at ten to seven 你什么时候去上学 我在六点五十去学校 对时间进行提问用 what time 或 when 什么时候 eg I go to bed at nine 对划线部分提问 What time When do you go to bed 13 How do you spend your weekends I often go shopping 你怎样过周末的 我通常去购物 How does Yang Ling spend her weekends She often does her homework Sometimes she reads English books 杨玲怎样过周末的 她经常做家庭作业 有时她看英语书 14 be from come from 来自 Where are you from Where do you come from 询问你来自哪里 I am from China I come from China 15 介词 in on at 表示时间的区别 在具体的几点钟前面 我们用 at 如 at ten o clock 在具体的某一天 具体某一天的上下午 晚上用 on on Monday on Monday morning 在一段时间里 季节 月份 在上下午 晚上 我们则用 in in summer July in the morning in a week 二 重要语法 一 人称代词和物主代词 1 人称代词翻译为 你 我 他等 主格放在句子中作主语 宾格放在动词 介词后作宾语 eg I like English She has a car Can you help me with my English 2 物主代词翻译为 你的 我的 他的等 形容词性物主代词不能单独使用 其后必须加名 词 名词性物主代词相当于名词 可以单独使用 即 形容词性物主代词 名词 名词性物主代词 eg This is my pen Where is yours your pen 二 祈使句 表示命令 请求 建议的句子 结构 以动词原形开头动词原形开头的句子 eg Put your hands on your head 把你的双手放在你的头上 祈使句变否定句 在动词原形前加在动词原形前加 don t eg Put your hands on your head 否定句 eg Don t put your hands on your head Do your homework 否定句 Don t do your homework 注意 do one s homework 中 do 做 有具体的意义 而 don t 中 do 没有任何意义 是 助动词 帮助句子构成否定句 因此变否定句时 不要把原来的 do 省略掉 三 动词 do 的用法 do 作实义动词 做 制作 eg What are you doing I am doing my homework do 作助动词 一般用来构成疑问句 当主语是第三人称单数时 do 要变为 does eg Do you like singing Does she have supper at six do 作助动词 加 not 构成否定句 当主语是第三人称单数时 do 要变为 does eg I don t like reading 人称代词物主代词 人称意义数量 主格宾格形容词性名词性 我单数Imemymine 第一人称 我们复数weusourours 你单数youyouyouryours 第二人称 你们复数youyouyouryours 他hehimhishis 她sheherherhers 它 单数 ItItitsits 第三人称 他 她 它们复数theythemtheirtheirs She doesn t like apples do not 位于句首构成否定祈使句位于句首构成否定祈使句 eg Don t be late again 别再迟到了 Don t climb trees again 下次别爬树了 四 动词 have 的用法 1 肯定句 I we you they have sth 某人拥有 She He It has sth eg She has a small pear 2 特殊疑问句 询问某人有什么时 要借助助动词 do have 的第三人称单数为 has do 的第 三人称单数为 does 主语 you they What do 人 you they have I We They have 主语 she he it What does 人 she he it have She He It has eg I have a vase What does she have she has some flowers we have toy cars What do they have They have a puppet 区分 have 与 there be 句型的区别 1 have 表示 某人或某物拥有 强调的是所属关系 Have 常用于人称代词 I we you they 的后面 但当主语为第三人称单数 she he it 时 必须使用 have 的单数形式 has eg I have a big apple 2 there be 句型表示 在某地有某物或某人 主语通常置于 there be 的后面 当主语是单 数或不可数名词时 be 动词用 is 当主语是复数时 be 动词用 are 当主语是并列的几件物 品时 遵循 就近原则 eg There is some milk in the glass There is an orange and some apples on the plate 五 动词 like 的用法 1 肯定句中 Like 名词复数 喜欢某一类动词 Like v ing 喜欢做某事 eg I like dogs I like swimming 当人是第三人称单数时 like 要变为 likes eg She likes dogs He likes swimming 2 变一般疑问句时 借助助动词 do 将 do 提前 当人是第三人称单数时 do 变为 does eg Do you like dogs Does she like swimming 3 变否定句时 借助助动词 do 在 do 后面加 not 当人是第三人称单数时 do 变为 does eg I don t like dogs She doesn t like swimming 六 There be 句型 1 There be 句型表示 在某地有某物 或人 eg There are some books on the desk 2 在 there be 句型中 主语是单数 be 动词用 is 主语是复数 be 动词用 are 如有 几件物品 be 动词根据最靠近近 be 动词的那个名词决定 就近原则 eg There is an orange and some apples on the plate There are some apples and an orange on the plate 3 there be 句型的否定句在 be 动词后加 not 变一般疑问句把 be 动词调到句首 同 时将 some 变为 any eg Are there any books on the desk There aren t any books on the desk 3 针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是 How many 名词复数名词复数 are there 介词短语 How much 不可数名词 is there 介词短语 4 针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是 即询问某地有什么 What s 介词短语 例题讲解 1 There is a dog in the basket 对划线提问 How many dogs are there in the basket 2 There is a dog in the basket 对划线提问 What s in the basket 七 现在进行时 表示正在进行的动作正在进行的动作 即 be 动词动词 动词的动词的 ing 形式形式 标志性词有 now listen look be 动词的选择由主语的单复数而定 eg We are doing our homework now What are you doing 你 你们正在做什么 这是一个特殊疑问句 用来询问对方正在做什么事 句型结构为 What be 动词 人称代词 doing 回答 We are 若主语是第三人称单数 he she 时 be 动词需用 is 回答时 She he is eg What are you doing I am sweeping the floor What is she doing She is cleaning the windows 注意 当问句为现在进行时 答句也要用现在进行时 2 What are you doing 你 你们正在做什么 这是一个特殊疑问句 用来询问对方正在做什么事 句型结构为 What be 动词 人称代词 doing 回答 We are 若主语是第三人称单数 he she 时 be 动词需用 is 回答时 She he is eg What are you doing I am sweeping the floor What is she doing She is cleaning the windows 现在分词又叫 v ing 构成有三种情况 一般直接在动词词尾加 ing eg play playing sing singing ski skiing 以不发音的字母 e 结尾的动词 需去掉 e 再加 ing eg have having dance dancing make making 重读闭音节的动词 要双写末尾的字母 再加 ing eg swim swimming sit sitting put putting run running jog jogging 八 一般现在时 1 一般现在时表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态 动词形式主要由动词原形表示 I play basketball after school Ben and his family often go shopping on Sundays 2 标志性词语 usually 通常 often 经常 sometimes 有时 always 总是 every day on Saturdays 等 3 当主语为第三人称单数 动词要用第三人称单数形式 动词第三人称单数的变化规则如 下 1 一般情况加 s reads says takes My mother draws a picture every day 2 以 ch sh s x 或 o 结尾的词加 es teaches washes goes watches does She usually washes clothes in the evening 3 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的词变 y 为 i 再加 es studies cries carries Tom studies Chinese and Maths at school 注意 主语是第三人称单数的常见单词 he she it my mother your father my brother my classmate my friend 等 eg My classmate likes dancing My classmates like dancing 九 一般过去时 1 定义 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态 2 标志性时间 a moment ago just now yesterday last week 等 3 结构 用动词的过去式 动词的过去式的构成规则有 规则动词 一般直接在动词的后面加 ed 如 worked learned cleaned visited 以 e 结尾的动词直接加 d 如 lived danced used 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词要改 y 为 i 再加 ed 此类动词较少 如 study studied carry carried worry worried 注意 play stay 不是辅音字母加 y 所以不属于此类 双写最后一个字母 此类动词较少 如 stopped 不规则动词 此类词并无规则 须熟记 小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式 sing sang eat ate see saw have had do did go went take took buy bought get got read read fly flew am is was are were say said leave left swim swam tell told draw drew come came lose lost find found drink drank hurt hurt feel felt 十 一般将来时 1 定义 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态 以及打算 计划或准备某事 句中一般含 有表示将来的时间状语 如 tomorrow morning next week this afternoon 等表示将来 的时间状语 2 构成 be going to 动词原形动词原形 will 动词原形动词原形 如 I am going to see a Beijing opera tomorrow They will go swimming this afternoon 3 一般将来时句型转换 肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答 She is going to have a picnic tomorrow She isn t going to have a picnic tomorrow Is she going to have a picnic tomorrow Yes she is No she isn t They will go swimming this afternoon They will not won t go swimming this afternoon Will they go swimming this afternoon Yes they will No they won t 十一 名词 名词变复数的规则 名词变复数的规则 1 一般情况 直接加 s 如 book books bag bags cat cats bed beds 2 以 s x sh ch 结尾 加 es 如 bus buses box boxes brush brushes watch watches 3 以 辅音字母 y 结尾 变 y 为 i 再加 es family families strawberry strawberries family families city cities party parties 4 以 f 或 fe 结尾 变 f 或 fe 为 v 再加 es 妻子妻子持刀刀去宰狼狼 小偷小偷吓得发了慌 躲在架后架后保己命命 半半片树叶树叶遮目光 wife knife wolf thief shelf life half leaf shelf shelves wolf wolves life lives knife knives 5 部分以 o 结尾的名词 在词尾加 es 英雄吃土豆芒果西红柿 hero potato mango tomato otato potatoes tomato tomatoes 不规则名词复数 man men woman women policeman policemen policewoman policewomen child children foot feet tooth teeth mouse mice 单复数同形 fish people Chinese Japanese deer sheep 名词所有格名词所有格 有生命的东西的名词所有格 1 单数后加 s 如 Lucy s ruler my father s shirt 2 以 s 结尾的复数名词后加 如 his friends bags 3 不以 s 结尾的复数后加 s children s shoes 十二 句型转换的方法 1 句子类型 肯定句 是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子 如 I m a student She is a doctor He works in a hospital 否定句 含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子 如 I m not a student He does not doesn t work in a hospital There are not aren t four fans in our classroom He will not won t eat lunch at 12 00 一般疑问句 是指询问事实的句子 此类句子必须用 yes 或 no 来回答 特殊疑问句 以特殊疑问词 what where who