短文改错导学案2(1)

1 1 短文改错考点 4 介词误用 多用与少用导学案 By Welcome Lee 真题再练 1 2015 新课标卷 I Unfortunately on the development of industrialization the environment has been polluted 表示 随着 用 另外 the development of 随着 的发展 可作为 固定词组来记 2 2014 新课标卷 I Nearly five years ago and with the help by our father my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes in our back garden 固定词组 the help of sb 在某人的帮助下 3 2013 新课标卷 I He was tall with broad shoulders and a beard that turned from black towards gray over the years 固定词组 turn 把 变成 from 从 到 4 2012 新课标卷 When I tore apart my fifth birthday toy train my father said That s it No more toys to you 引出接受某物的人 用 又如 a letter you 给你的信 5 2011 新课标卷 Luckily I had all my money on my pocket but the only clothes I had were those I had on 6 2011 新课标卷 When I finally arrived at my friend s he lent to me lots of clothes 由 lend sb sth 借给某人某物 可知 不用 但如果将 sth 放到前面 则用 如 He lent me a pen He lent a pen me 7 2015 新课标卷 II Tony saw a toy on a shop window He liked it very much 据常识 玩具应在橱窗里面 故用 8 2014 新课标卷 II Therefore we have more time with after school activities 表示有时间做某事 或有做某事的时间 time 后接 或 to do 又如 I don t have more time reading to read 我没有更多的时间来阅读 9 2014 新课标卷 II We can lie on the grass for a rest or sit by the lake listening music 表示 听 什么 要说 listen 这是固定词组 10 2013 新课标卷 II The book I m reading of talks about afternoon tea in Britain 因 看书 是 the book 不用 11 2013 新课标卷 II Interestingly it had a connection by the British porcelain 瓷器 industry 固定词组 have a connection 与 有关系 短文改错考点 4 介词误用 多用与少用思路点拨 因介词是短文改错的必考点 且可能不止考 1 题 所以凡遇到介词 要高度警惕 1 意义通不通 一遇到介词 就从介词的基本意义出发 看 通不通或是否符合 如 真题再练 5 幸运的是 我所有的钱都在我口袋的表面上 显然不合常 识 2 搭配对不对 一遇到介词 就要瞻前顾后 看它是否符合搭配习惯 如 真题再练 3 遇到 toward 是否正确 看看前面 有 turn 可想到 turn 或由 from 想到 2 2 from 3 念念顺不顺 如果平时有大声朗读的习惯 并留意了固定搭配 考场中只需默默念一念 就可感觉出有没有错误 如你听熟或读顺了 listen to me read a book 当你念到 listen music read of a book 时就觉得不顺了 肯定是错的 这种方法特别适合辨识不及物动词后漏掉介 词或及物动词后又增加介词的错误 短文改错考点 4 介词误用 多用与少用考点归纳 介词是改错题中必考考点 且 5 年 8 套题中考了 11 道 是重点考查内容 我们必须高度重 视 从高考真题来看 考查内容有以下特征 1 常见的介词 如 in of for with to into 等 2 基本的用法 如 表示 在 里 表示 在 的表面上 引导接受某物的对象 等等 但也有个别题相对较难 如 time after school activities 做课外活动的时间 考点练透 1 2010 新课标卷 As the old man looked over the things on the yard that were to be sold he stopped 表示 在庭院里 是 the yard 3 固定的词组 在这 11 道题中 有 6 道考查固定词组 超过一半 因此 含介词的固定 词组我们就不得不重视了 要收集 要熟读 读得朗朗上口 2 2009 新课标卷 I plan to make friends with them so that we can help each other on the course work 由 help sb sth 可知 3 2008 新课标卷 We d like to invite for you to the exhibition 由 invite sb some place 可知 再如 4 2007 新课标卷 Then I invited Li Ming in my place 5 2014 大纲卷 The more friends we have the more we can learn for one another 固定词组 learn sb 向某人学习 6 2012 大纲卷 I To begin with all of us can start reducing to the use of oil by driving only when we have a real need 因为 reduce 减少 是 vt 直接接 语 7 2012 大纲卷 II Third we should find ways to reuse the water used in washing especially bath water for which is quite a lot and that will save much water 因 which 在定语从句中作主语 for 关系代词 是不能作主语的 8 2011 大纲卷 I My best friend Aigulie used to share her Nang to me 因 share sth sb 同某人分享某物 是固定搭配 故 me 前的 to 改为 9 2011 大纲卷 I I think over her a lot and I miss the food and the good time we had together 表示 想起 用 think 而 think sth over 意为 10 2011 大纲卷 II Thank you very much for showing us around your city and providing us for the wonderful meals 由 provide sb sth provide sth for sb 给某人提供某物 可知 us 后的 for 改为 11 2010 大纲卷 I It was a chance of a lifetime to win the first prize on the Story Writing Show 3 3 表示 在比赛中 12 2010 大纲卷 II From then on we ve kept touch with each other through e mails 固定词组 keep touch with sb 与某人保持联系 13 2009 大纲卷 I After five years away in my hometown I find that the neighborhood which I used to live in has changed a lot 离某处多久或多远 用 away 故 away 后的 in 改为 15 2008 大纲卷 I I have just got some good news to tell to you 16 2008 大纲卷 I I imagine you ll be at vacation yourself by that time 因 vacation 是固定词组 17 2008 大纲卷 II If I have the honor to be chosen to work for the 29th Olympic Games I will at first improve my English Second I will 比较 at first first 由下面的 Second 其次 可知 这 里用 18 2008 大纲卷 II I will first improve my English so that I can talk easily about foreign visitors 表示 同 和某人交谈 是固定短语 talk sb 19 2007 大纲卷 I I asked him Grandpa how come you have so many lines on your hand he answered slowly Each these lines stands for a trouble in my life 因 each of 中的每一个 才与谓语动词 stands 一致 20 2007 大纲卷 II I m the happiest in all 表示 在所有人中 用 21 2007 大纲卷 II It will be lots of fun for practising out in the playground in the afternoon It is fun sth 做某事是开心的 是固定句式 短文改错考点 5 连词误用 多用或少用导学案 By Welcome Lee 真题再练 下列各小题中有且仅有一处错误 多 1 个单词 少 1 个单词 错 1 个单词 请指出并改正 过来 然后说明理由 1 2015 新课标卷 I In the countryside the air is clean or the mountains are green 因 空气新鲜 与 山绿 是 关系 而非选择关系 2 2014 新课标卷 I Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems 因 不与 although 连用 须删除其中之一 又因删除 Although we 不是大写字母开 头 所以只能删除 也可以改 but 为 3 2013 新课标卷 I He had a deep voice which set him apart from others in our small town he was strong and powerful 因删除非限制性定语从句 which town 后 就是 He had a deep voice he was strong and 4 4 powerful 显然两句之间缺少连词 从两句间的逻辑关系看 是 关系 故用 4 2013 新课标卷 I In fact he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me 因 during 是介词 不能引导从句 应改为连词 从句意来看 应改为引导时间状语从句的 5 2012 新课标卷 But before long they began to see which was happening 引导宾语从句并在从句中作主语 表示 所 的事 故用 6 2011 新课标卷 I bought my ticket but turned around to pick up my bag from the floor and then I realized that someone had stolen it 因 买票 与 转身 是先后紧接着发生的两个动作 是顺承关系 无转折意义 故用 7 2015 新课标卷 II After looking at the toy for some time he turned around and found where his parents were missing 因 found 后是宾语从句 意为 他的父母不见了 其结构与意义完整了 用 引导或 省略 that 故还可省略 8 2013 新课标卷 II Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner that might not be served until 8 o clock at night 引导非限制性定语从句不能用 that 故要把 that 改为 短文改错考点 5 连词误用 多用或少用思路点拨 1 句间无连词 增加连词 凡是两个句子之间没有句号 分号 又没有连词时 一定是漏 掉 词了 要根据两句之间的意义关系或逻辑关系 增加一个恰当的 词 2 句间多连词 删除连词 虽然同一句子中的两个主谓关系之间一定有连词 但又不能多 只需一个 多了就错了 特别是受汉语的影响 易将 although though but 虽然 但 是 because since as so 因为 所以 连用 遇到此种情况 一般删除后面的 以免影响一个句子的第一个单词首字母大写的原则 3 遇到连词要考究是否用错 如 or 表选择 and 表顺承 but 表转折 之间是否用错 要 根据句意的理解 前后的 关系去判断 短文改错考点 5 连词误用 多用或少用考点归纳 除 2013 年卷 I 考了 2 道题 2014 年卷 II 没有考查连词外 每年有 1 道题考查连词 在最 近 5 年 8 套题中考了 8 道题 已考的具体考点有 1 并列连词的误用 1 or 与 混用 如 真题再练 1 2 but 与 混用 如 真题再练 6 3 but 与 连用 如 真题再练 2 4 并列连词漏用 如 真题再练 3 2 从句的引导词的误用 1 误用从句连词 如 真题再练 5 7 2 误用 来引导非限制性定语从句 如 真题再练 8 3 介词误作连词用 如 真题再练 4 during 误作 易混的还有表示 随着 的介词 与连词 when 表示 在 期间 的介词 during 与连词 while 介词 一般是接名词 代词或动名词作宾语 而连词才可以连接句子 5 5 考生备考时 以下 3 点仍需注意 1 that 的用法 1 引导名词性从句时没有任何意思 也不作任何句子成分 只起连接作用 因此引导宾语 从句时常被省略 2 引导定语从句 如果不是直接在介词后 一般可以替代 which 或 who 但不能引导非限 制性定语从句 2 what 的用法 是连接代词 引导名词性从句并在从句中作主语或宾语 除表示 什么 外 还有 the thing that 之类的意思 3 牢记平行结构 请翻译下列连词 1 或者 或者 2 既不 也不 3 不但 而且 4 不是 而是 5 不论 还是 此外 no sooner hardly 中 than 与 when 不要用错 考点练透 下列各小题中有且仅有一处错误 多 1 个单词 少 1 个单词 错 1 个单词 请指出并改正 过来 然后说明理由 1 2010 新课标卷 Without a moment s delay his neighbor picked up the box but announced I ll take them 因 拿起来 与 宣布 是顺承关系 不是转折关系 2 2008 新课标卷 More than 1 000 paintings will be on show but high school students from all the eight districts will come to the event 3 2007 新课标卷 Last year I was ill but had to stay in hospital for a week 因 生病 与 住院 是顺承关系 并非转折关系 4 2014 大纲卷 The more friends we have the more we can learn from one another but the more pleasure we can share together 前后不是转折关系 5 2013 大纲卷 My father is hardworking but goes to work in the field every day 前后意义没有转折关系 6 2009 大纲卷 II I meant to give it back to you before four in the afternoon and I was held up on my way back 因 打算四点前还 与 被阻在路上 是转折关系 7 2012 大纲卷 I What s more we can go to work by bike once and twice a week and we can also buy smaller cars that burn less oil 因 once or twice 是固定词组 8 2010 大纲卷 I It was a chance of a lifetime to win the first prize in the Story Writing Show All I had to do was to write a story or present it 因 写一个故事 与 将它交上去 是先后两个动作 顺承关系 而不是选择关系 9 2008 大纲卷 II Finally I should be able to tell visitors about our history or culture and show 6 6 them our great achievements 10 2011 大纲卷 I Now Aigulie and I study at different colleges or we can only see each other during the summer vacation 11 2012 大纲卷 II Water is important We as well as animals cannot live without water and neither agriculture or industry can go without it 固定搭配 neither 12 2009 新课标卷 I m going to attend my first lesson this afternoon for I ve got some preparations to make Keep in touch 前句是因后句是果 用连词 因此 所以 13 2009 新课标卷 No lectures this morning so I think I d email you and let you know what things are going 14 2008 新课标卷 We would be grateful when you could join us that day 15 2014 大纲卷 And it is wise to have as many good friends that we can 固定句式 as 16 2013 大纲卷 This is how I need to improve in the future 17 2012 大纲卷 II I think we should first go all out to plant trees though trees will help save water 18 2011 大纲卷 I Since the lunch bell finally rang my friends and I met under a tall tree and had our lunches 19 2011 大纲卷 II It s been a week after we left your family and we are now back home 表示 自从 有多长时间了 的句型是 It s been 时间段 20 2010 大纲卷 I My teachers had been telling me how great my writing was So if they had said was true I would have a chance of winning the prize 引导主语从句 作 said 的宾语 用连接代词 意为 所 的 21 2007 大纲卷 I I was only about six that he held his hand out to me 22 2007 大纲卷 I I looked at his other hand But Grandpa what do you have more lines on that one Because 由后面的 Because 可知 是问 为什么那只手会有更多的皱纹呢 23 2007 大纲卷 II My school is organizing a basketball team and there s just a chance which I can join it 引导同位语从句 从句句意完整 用 引导 短文改错考点 6 谓语动词的错误导学案 By Welcome Lee 真题再练 下列各小题中有且仅有一处错误 多 1 个单词 少 1 个单词 错 1 个单词 请指出并改正 过来 然后说明理由 1 2015 新课标卷 I When I was a child I hoped to live in the city I think I would be happy there 7 7 2 2014 新课标卷 I Since then for all these years we had been allowing tomatoes to self seed where they please As a result the plants are growing The fruits are small 自那以后到现在 应是完成进行时时 3 2013 新课标卷 I I was only four when she passes away 由主句时态可知 用 时 4 2012 新课标卷 When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train my father said That s it No more toys for you 上下文谓语动词的时态都是用 时 5 2011 新课标卷 When I finally arrived at my friend s he lent me lots of clothes I feel very happy that I could change my clothes at last 上文谓语动词都是用 时 6 2014 新课标卷 II My dream school starts at 8 30 a m and ends at 3 30 p m There are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon We didn t need to do so much homework 据上文动词时态可知 要用 时 7 2013 新课标卷 II This custom soon becomes another meal of the day Interestingly it had a connection with the British porcelain 瓷器 industry 由下文中的 had 及语句意思可知 用 时 8 2015 新课标卷 II A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop 9 2014 新课标卷 II We can lie on the grass for a rest or sat by the lake listening to music 与 or 前的 lie 并列 也用原形 10 2015 新课标卷 I Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem 因 研究 与 表明 是 关系 11 2015 新课标卷 II Tony was scared and begun to cry 因 begin 的过去时是 考生易受 and 前面部分影响 以为也要跟 scared 一样用 过去分词构成被动语态 其实 汤姆 与 开始哭 是 关系 12 2013 新课标卷 II Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without handles 构成被动语态 用 分词 13 2011 新课标卷 Luckily I had all my money in my pocket but the only clothes I had was those I had on 句中 that I had 是定语从句 主句主语是 clothes 为复数 故 was 改用 才主谓一 致 14 2014 新课标卷 II My dream school look like a big garden 一般现在时 主语 My dream 是第三人称单数 谓语动词要加 8 8 15 2015 新课标卷 I We must found ways to protect the environment 在情态动词 must 后用动词 形 16 2012 新课标卷 My punishment lasted a year Meanwhile I found out that with more patience I must make my toys last 更有耐心 才 可以 让玩具持续更久 短文改错考点 6 谓语动词的错误思路点拨 从 真题再练 来看 5 年 8 套题有 16 道是谓语动词的错 平均每套 2 道题 可见谓语动 词在短文改错中是错得最多的 是最重要的考点 短文一般含 8 到 10 句话 对每句话的谓 语一定都要仔细研究 可按以下线索去思考 1 查 是否一致 遇到某个谓语动词的时态与上下文的时态不一致时 十有八九是出 错了 需仔细审查 如 真题再练 1 前面两个动词 was hoped 和后面的 would 都是过 去式 而 think 却用一般现在时 不一致 就很可能错了 需重点核实 2 查 态是否正确 当主语是谓语动词的动作的承受者时 即谓语与主语在逻辑上有动 宾关系时 要用被动语态 被动语态由 be 分词 构成 真题再练 10 11 12 题即考查语态 1 查该用主动还是 如果是主动语态 句中有行为动词时 不能再用 be 如 真题再练 10 研究 与 表明 是主动关系 已有行为动词 show 了 就不能再用 be 故删除 been 2 如果要用被动语态 看是否漏掉 同时注意 be 的 是否正确 是否一 致 过去分词 写是否正确 常误写成过去式或原形 如 真题再练 12 就是过去 分词的拼写错误 3 查并列动词的 是否一致 在 A and or B 或 A B and C 这类结构中 A B C 的形 式应一致 关键是要找准谁跟谁并列 不要找错对象 尤其当句子有谓语动词又有非谓语 动词时更应注意 如 真题再练 8 9 4 查 是否一致 有时虽然前后时态是一致的 但主谓不一致 如 真题再练 13 主语 clothes 是复数 谓语动词却用单数 was 真题再练 14 主语 My dream school 是第三人称单数 谓语动词 look 却用复数 原形 5 查情态动词是否用错 若有情态动词 首先根据语境体会句子所表达的语气与情态 判 断是否用错了 动词 如 真题再练 16 我明白了 有了耐心 我就一定让我的 玩具用得更久 玩具是否用得久 还受本身的质量或其他因素的影响 用 一定 语气太强了 改用 可能 更好 另外 我们知道 情态动词有三大特征 1 后面一定要接动词 形 并与之一起构成谓语 2 没有人称和数的变化 3 其疑问式或否定式不借助于 do 因此 我们还要考虑作者是否因不懂情态动词的基本用法而用错了 如 真题再练 15 must 后接 found 这就错了 应改为原形 find 短文改错考点 6 谓语动词的错误考点归纳 谓语动词的错误不但每年必考 而且考得最多 每套题中平均有两处错 到目前为止 仅 考查了以下 8 点 1 前后谓语动词的时态不一致 2 主动语态中已有行为动词时却多用了 3 被动语态中或者完成时态中 过去分词拼写错 如 A little girl was hurted and her mother needed help 2009 大纲卷 II 9 9 解析 小女孩被弄伤 用被动语态是对的 但 hurt 的过去式 过去分词与原形是 同 的 即 hurt 故 hurted 错了 应改为 Since then we haven t see each other much But we ve kept writing to each other 2007 新 课标卷 解析 由 since then 自那时起到现在 可知 用现在完成时是正确的 但现在完成时由 have 分词 构成 故 see 错了 要改为 4 并列谓语的时态形式应该 却没有一致 5 主语与谓语在人称和数方面应该 却没有一致 6 情态动词后本应接动词 却接了过去式 或者根本没有 如 So real friendship should able to stand all sorts of tests 2014 大纲卷 解析 should 是情态动词 后面一定要跟动词原形 而 able 是形容词 故应加 构成 able to 能够 7 虚拟语气 如 My father was so pleased that he suggested I went to England for a holiday 解析 因表示 提议 建议 的 suggest 后的宾语从句的谓语动词要用 should do 所 以 went 要改为 8 命题人有时也会利用某些动词的过去式与过去分词拼写相同 将一般过去时故意误写成 现在完成时 要求考生删除 或 如 Li Ming came to see me every day Then his father has changed jobs and they moved to another city 2007 新课标卷 解析 由后面的并列句中的 moved 可知 change 也用一般过去时 故删除 changed 前的 提醒 时态只需注意前后一致 且只需注意现在时与过去时就行了 如 真题再练 2 根据 Since then 从那时起到现在 或由下文 are growing are small 可知 应当用现在时 而 had 是过去时 应改为 have 即可 不必按现在完成进行时 现在进行时 一般现在时这 样去理解 考点练透 1 2010 新课标卷 One day he was having a yard sale and the old man living next door come by to help As the old man looked 2 2009 新课标卷 I remember asking for a room as far away from the lifts as possible and they find me a comfortable one on the second floor 3 2008 新课标卷 We were organizing an art exhibition for high school students in the city It will be held on the 9th of July in the Exhibition Hall of Beihai 4 2007 新课标卷 Then I invited Li Ming to my place We listen to my CDs together and soon became best friends 5 2014 大纲卷 All of us need friendship The understanding between two friends mean both of them have similar ideas 6 2013 大纲卷 At home my father often thinks I m silly He said if I decide to do something it takes him much time to stop me 10 10 7 2012 大纲卷 II Water is important We cannot live without water Yet it seemed water is becoming less and less 8 2011 大纲卷 I I hold my lunch box in my hand when I was going to school The smell from it was very good 9 2011 大纲卷 II However my father had to return to work on Monday so we fly back last Saturday afternoon It was really a nice experience 10 2010 大纲卷 I It was All I had to do was My teachers have been telling me how great my writing was 11 2010 大纲卷 II I prepared She said it was the best gift she has ever had 12 2010 大纲卷 II Christie was one of my best friends at high school At that time we often spend time together 13 I find that the neighbor