中英文文献翻译-摩托罗拉单片机在汽车控制中的应用

中 北 大 学 2013 届 毕 业 设 计 说 明 书第 1 页 共 13 页原文Motorola microcontroller applicationsin automotive controlMotorola microcontroller（Freescale） has the rich micro processing unit (MCU), but widely uses in the automobile electrically controlled engine, the automobile body, the crew member safety, the vehicle door and the chair, the glass, ventilation and air conditioning, skylight and light control, automobile local area networks gateway, communication facility, global positioning system and in other automobile control unit. Its product mainly includes 8/16 bit micro controller (including HC08/HCS08, HC12/HCS12 and so on), 32 bit micro controllers (including PowerPC, ColdFire, ARM and so on).1. 8 bit Single-chip Microcomputer MC68HC11F1 and application 1.1 Characteristics of MC68HC11F18 bit micro controller MC68HC11F1 is high performance flash memory technology low cost chip based on the CPU of 8 bit HC08 the CPU . Its dozens of kind of different specifications product may cause the user to make a choice conveniently, the superior price performance ratio may cause the cost of the automobile electronic products to be more inexpensive. Chief feature of MC68HC11F1 : Two kind of power saving mode, stop and waiting; working normal in 3.0-5.0V voltage ; 0, 256b, 512b or 768b in on-chip RAM, Data of RAM will be retained in standby; 0, 12kb or 20kb in on-chip RAM or EPROM; Serial Communication Interface SCI,8 channel, 8 bit A/D transducer ; 16 bit timer systems; 8 bit pulse accumulators, real-time interrupt electric circuit and so on. 1.2 MC68HC11F1 is employed in in automobile electronic control system Since Marelli simple point electronic fuel injectionn engine management system is promoted based on MC68HC11F1, our country Shenyang gold cup sea lion passenger car , the gold cup China passenger vehicle, Anhui Chery passenger vehicle, the Tianjin 中 北 大 学 2013 届 毕 业 设 计 说 明 书第 2 页 共 13 页Xiali passenger vehicle and so on has used this kind of engine management system . Below to take gold cup simple point Marelli logic circuit for an example, I introduces MC68HC11F1 employed in in automobile electronic control system. 1.2.1 Compositions of system As shown in Figure 1, gold cup simple point Marelli logic circuit is mainly composed of the below part: 1. Electric circuits control core MC68HC11F1 (CPU), is Freescale 8 bit MCU of automobile special-purpose ; 2. Tristate bus driver 74HC244 with enable, is the switch of status information input for air conditioning, oil pump, EVAP solenoid valve, idling motor and so on ;3. 8 groups rises along D trigger 74HC273 with reset , is driving signal take-off valves for idling motor, host relay, trouble lamp, air conditioning relay power and so on ;4. 512kb 8 bit read-only memory M27C512, uses for to save computers master routine.Figure 1 gold cup simple point Marelli logic circui1.2.2 principles of work Puting through the power source, power source chip L9710 starts to provide the work power source and sensors reference voltage, the 8th foot output the low electric 中 北 大 学 2013 届 毕 业 设 计 说 明 书第 3 页 共 13 页potential reset signal and delivers to reset end of the CPU, simultaneously delivers to zero clearing end of 74HC273 to make its output end reset , CPU to enter launching state. First carries on the replacement to the internal hardware, establishes corresponding register, then starts Boot loader procedure, carries on the procedure loading. Reads master routine in the M27C512 in internal RAM , and enters run condition of the program through the skipping instruction. The master routine outputs logic “1” (high electric potential) through data bus D2 , after this signal is locked by the 74HC273 out puting the high electric potential control signal from the 6th foot, makes the main relay go through，Adds the 12V power source to the external instrumentation such as the fuel injector the ignition coil and so on . Then read in rotational speed signal and the exterior sensor signal through PA,PE, to judge the vehicles current operating condition, and according to the current operating mode outputs the corresponding driving signal from PD, PG mouth and the data bus ( locked by the 74HC273 )to make the equipment enter the running status . Again reads in the corresponding equipments status messages through PA, PD, PG and the data bus (drived by the 74HC244 ), carries on the comparison with control rule chart of the M27C512 , to optimizate and adjust ignition timing and spurts oil systems control. The logic circuit, the sensor and the implementing agency constitution make up of closed-loop control system to make the engine be at the optimum condition.2. 16 Single-chip Microcomputer MC9S12DP256 and application2.1 Characteristics of MC9S12DP256 MC9S12DP256 is high speed, the high performance, 5.0V the Flash memorys 16 bit micro controllers which based on 16 bit HCS12 CPU and 0.25 um microelectronic technology.Its high performance-to-price ratio is suitable in some upscale automobile control system,the simple background development pattern will also further reduce the development cost , simultaneously also will cause the scene development and the system upgrade becomes more convenient. Basic frequency of MC9S12DP256 reached as high as 25 MHz,many standard 中 北 大 学 2013 届 毕 业 设 计 说 明 书第 4 页 共 13 页modules are also integrated on the piece, including 2 Serical Communication Interface ,3 Serial Peripheral Interface,8 channels the timer input capture/output comparison ,2 of ten bit 8 channels conversion module of A/D,one of 8 channels Pulse Width Modulate, 49 of independent digit I/O mouth (which of 20 have the function of the external interrupt and awakens), combined 5 of CAN module with CAN2.0A/B agreement as well as a internal IC bus module; Its internal has 256kb Flash EEPRROM, 12kb RAM, 4kb EEPROM.2.2 MC9S12DP256 is employed in in automobile electronic control system Figure 2 is the typical schematic diagram of automobile gating system . Its central microcontroller selects Single-chip Microcomputer MC9S12DP256, MC33389A, MC33884, MC33887, MC33486 and so on is the Freescale intelligence simulation component. Which of MC33389A is power switch chip providing the CPU working voltage (5V);it turns the ignition swithing signal, the vehicle door switching signal and the panel switch signal by SPI on the micro controller to carry on awakens, reset , interrupt and so on; Also it has the fault-tolerant function driver of CAN physics level ; In addition, it may turn the system on finished Automobile network. Leading role of MC33884 is the real-time monitor panel switchs condition and actuates boards headlamp. MC33887 is a driving circuit chip, which uses in the rear view mirror position electrical motor, the rear view mirror electrical folding motor and the door lock electrical motors actuation, this function may also select MC33884 to coordinate independent driving tube MOS to complete. MC33290 mainly uses in overall systems diagnosis.中 北 大 学 2013 届 毕 业 设 计 说 明 书第 5 页 共 13 页Figure 2 automobile gating control system3 32 Single-chip Microcomputer MPC500 and application 3.1 Characteristics of MPC500 As this domains lead goat, the MPC500 series has passed through designed specially, has satisfied the strict working conditions request which the high speed travel automobile needed. the entire product line including not flash memory MPC561,MPC566 which built-in 1M flash memory and so on, aims at many kinds of different application environment. May apply in dynamic transfer systems like gasoline engine management, direct fuel injection, electronic transmission control and so on as well as the stable control system and hanging application system. MPC500 series MCU also has innovation functions of floating point unit and intelligent clock and so on , can satisfy the control speed and the accuracy requirement. The MPC500 intension including a system integration mold (SIM), a time processing unit (TPU), a queue serial interface mold (QSM), the 2k static state stochastic 中 北 大 学 2013 届 毕 业 设 计 说 明 书第 6 页 共 13 页memory, has the TPU simulation ability (TPURAM). Uses the HCMOS technology, may further reduce the product power loss, simultaneously the command system contains special-purpose low power loss instruction LPSTOP. Under the system clock stopped state, the power dissipation is lowest.3.2 MPC500 is employed in in automobile electronic control system MPC500 mainly applies in the new motor car engine management system , like GM P5, P6 series engine management system . Figure 3 is engine management system which based on 32 bit MPC500 .Figure 3 composite strategy of 32 bit MPC500 micro controllers engine management system4 SummarySince the mid-1990s, the intelligence electronic products has been getting more and voltage regulatorInterference suppressbatteryresetFuel injection actuation Ignition coil driverElectromagnetic valve driverElectromagnetic valve driverInjection nozzleInjection nozzleignition coilignition coilEGRIdle valveMPC500（MCU）driverAPIAPIdriver UsercodeDiagnosis line driverDiagnosis busSCI/CAN/FlexRayDiagnosiscodeOperatingSystemMachine oil pressureBurn oil pressureAmpli-fierexternal componentsAnalog input, outputSpeed sensorCrankshaft positionengine temperatureEnvironment temperatureBronchial pressurethrottle valve positionsAir trafficSent shock sensorsOxygen sensorsInput signal of TheInter-faceamplifier中 北 大 学 2013 届 毕 业 设 计 说 明 书第 7 页 共 13 页more widespread apply in automobile , already rapidly expand for automobile synthesis electronic control technology. It take the large scale integrated circuit and the controller local area network as the characteristic, including the Single-chip Microcomputer , the clever power source and the intelligent sensor, it utilizes the computer network and the communication tecnology, both can expand the original limited comprehensive electronic control system into the automobile whole integrated control system, and may join with the automobile exterior road, the transportation, the correspondence condition , makes the automobile to become a part of the intelligence transportation system or an intelligence road system.Author: Huang Peng Journal Title: Highways & Automotive ApplicationsISSN :1671-2668 Publication Date: 2005(05)Pages: 5-7中 北 大 学 2013 届 毕 业 设 计 说 明 书第 8 页 共 13 页译文： 摩托罗拉单片机在汽车控制中的应用摩托罗拉单片机（Freescale）拥有丰富的微处理单元（MCU） ，可广泛用于汽车电控发动机、车身、乘员安全、车门和座椅、车窗、通风和空调、天窗和灯光控制，汽车局域网的网关、通信设备、全球定位系统及其他汽车控制单元中。其产品主要包括 8/16位微控制器（包括 HC08/HCS08、HC12/HCS12 等） 、32 位位微控制器（包括 PowerPC、ColdFire、ARM 等）1. 8 位单片机 MC68HC11F1 及其应用1.1 MC68HC11F1 的特征MC68HC11F1 8位微控制器是基于 8位 HC08 CPU高性能闪存技术的低成本芯片。其数十种不同规格的产品可使用户更方便地进行选择，优越的性能价格比可使汽车电子产品的成本更低廉。MC68HC11F1的主要特征：两种省电模式，停止和等待；3.0-5.0V 电压均可正常工作；0、256b、512b 或 768b在片 RAM，RAM 数据在待机时保留；0、12kb 或20kb在片 RAM或 EPROM， ；异步串行通信接口 SCI，8 通道，8 位 A/D转换器；16位定时器系统；8 位脉冲累加器，实时中断电路等。1.2 MC68HC11F1 在汽车电子控制中的应用自推出采用 MC68HC11F1 的玛瑞利单点电喷发动机管理系统以来，我国沈阳金杯海狮客车、金杯中华轿车、安徽奇瑞轿车、天津夏利轿车等都采用了这种发动机管理系统。下面以金杯单点玛瑞利逻辑电路为例，介绍 MC68HC11F1在汽车电子控制中的应用。1.2.1 系统组成如图 1所示，金杯单点玛瑞利逻辑电路主要由以下部件组成：1. 电路的控制核心 MC68HC11F1（CPU） ，为摩托罗拉 8位汽车专用 MCU；2. 带使能端的三态总线驱动器 74HC244，为空调、油泵、EVAP 电磁阀、怠速电机等设备的状态信息输入开关；3. 带复位端的 8路上升沿 D触发器 74HC273，为怠速电机、主继电器、故障指示灯、空调继电器等驱动信号的输出开关；中 北 大 学 2013 届 毕 业 设 计 说 明 书第 9 页 共 13 页74HC244 74HC273驱动器空调、故障灯、主继电器、怠速等驱动输出信号调整设备状态信息Data BusPortA PortDCPUPortG PortEPortB.F PortC驱动器驱动器点火喷油逻辑 诊断接口A/D信号调整汽车工作状态传感器信号M27C512L9170Address Bus Reset4. 512kb 8位只读存储器 M27C512，用来存储电脑的主程序。图 1 金杯单点马瑞利逻辑电路1.2.2 工作原理接通电源，电源芯片 L9170开始提供工作电源及传感器的参考电压，8 号脚输出低电位复位信号并送至 CPU的复位端，同时送到 74HC273的清零端使其输出清零，CPU 进入启动状态。首先对内部硬件进行复位，设置相应的寄存器，然后开始 Boot loader程序，进行程序装载。将 M27C512中的主程序读入内部的 RAM中，并通过跳转指令进入程序运行状态。主程序从数据总线 D2上输出逻辑“1”（高电位） ，该信号经 74HC273锁存后从 6号脚输出高电位控制信号，使主继电器接通，将 12V电源加到喷油器及点火线圈等外部设备上。然后通过 PA、PE 口读入转速信号和外部传感器信号，以判断车辆当前的运行工况，并根据当前工况从PD、PG 口及数据总线（经 74HC273锁存）输出相应的使设备进入运行状态的驱动信号。再通过 PA、PD、PG 及数据总线（经 74HC244驱动）读入相应设备的状态信息，与 M27C512中的控制规则图进行比较，优化并调整点火与喷油系的控制。逻辑电路、传感器及执行机构构成闭环控制系统，使发动机处于最佳状态。2. 16 位单片机 MC9S12DP256 及其应用2.1 MC9S12DP256 的特征MC9S12DP256是基于 16位 HCS12 CPU及 0.25 um微电子技术的高速、高性能，带 5.0V Flash存储器的 16位微控制器。其较高的性价比非常适合于一些中高档中 北 大 学 2013 届 毕 业 设 计 说 明 书第 10 页 共 13 页汽车控制系统，较简单的背景开发模式也会使开发成本进一步降低，同时也使现场开发与系统升级变得更加方便。MC9S12DP256的主频高达 25 MHz，片上还集成了许多标准模块，包括 2个异步串行通信口 SCI、3 个同步串行通信口 SPI、8 通道输入捕捉输出比较定时器、2个、10 位 8通道 A/D转换模块、1 个 8通道脉宽调制模块、49 个独立数字 I/O口（其中 20个具有外部中断及唤醒功能） 、兼容 CAN2.0A/B协议的 5个 CAN模块以及一个内部 IC总线模块；片内拥有 256kb的 Flash EEPRROM、12kb 的RAM、4kb 的 EEPROM。2.2 MC9S12DP256 在汽车电子控制中的应用图 2 汽车门控系统图 2为典型的汽车门控系统示意图。其中央微控制