英语句子成分及结构

1 英语句子成分及结构英语句子成分及结构 句子从语气上可分为 句子从语气上可分为 1 陈述句 2 疑问句 3 祈使句 4 感叹句 句子从结构上分 句子从结构上分 1 简单句 2 并列句 并列复合句 3 复合句 主从复合句 复合句 1 名词性从句 1 主从 2 宾从 3 表从 4 同从 2 形容词性从句 即 定从 限定性的定语从句和非限定性的定语从句 3 副词性从句 状从 简单句的五种基本句型简单句的五种基本句型 1 主主 系系 表表 2 主主 vi 3 主主 vt 宾宾 4 主主 vt 间宾间宾 直宾直宾 5 主主 vt 宾语宾语 宾语补足语宾语补足语主主主 语语 subject 是执行句子的行为或动作的主体是执行句子的行为或动作的主体 The sun rises in the east 名词 He likes dancing 代词 Twenty years is a short time in history 数词 Seeing is believing 动名词 To see is to believe 不定式 What he needs is a book 主语从句 It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree It 形式主语 主语从句是真正主语 一 指出下列句中主语的中心词 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom There is an old man coming here The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year To do today s homework without the teacher s help is very difficult 谓语谓语 predicate 说明主语的动作 状态和特征 说明主语的动作 状态和特征 We study English He likes playing the games 二 选出句中谓语的中心词 I don t like the picture on the wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes Do you usually go to school by bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast Tom didn t do his homework yesterday What I want to tell you is this We had better send for a doctor He is interested in music Whom did you give my book to 表语表语 predicative 系动词之后的成分 表示主语的性质 状态和特征 系动词之后的成分 表示主语的性质 状态和特征 He is a teacher 名词 Five and five is ten 数词 He is asleep 形容词 His father is in 副词 The picture is on the wall 介词短语 My watch is gone missing lost 形容词化的分词 To wear a flower is to say I m poor I can t buy a ring 不定式 The question is whether they will come 表语从句 常见的系动词有 常见的系动词有 be feel 摸起来 感觉摸起来 感觉 sound 听起来 听起来 look 看起来 看起来 taste 尝 吃起来 尝 吃起来 smell 闻起来 闻起来 keep stay remain 保持 仍是 保持 仍是 get become turn seem appear prove turn out It sounds a good idea The sound sounds strange Her voice sounds sweet Tom looks thin The food smells delicious The food tastes good The door remains open Now I feel tired 2 三 挑出下列句中的表语 5 分 5 分钟 The old man was feeling very tired Why is he worried about Jim The leaves have turned yellow Soon They all became interested in the subject She was the first to learn about it 宾语宾语 1 动作的承受者 动作的承受者 动宾动宾 I like China 名词 He hates you 代词 How many do you need We need two 数词 We should help the old and the poor I enjoy working with you 动名词 I hope to see you again 不定式 Did you write down what he said 宾语从句 2 介词后的名词 代词和动名词 介词后的名词 代词和动名词 介宾介宾 Are you afraid of the snake Under the snow there are many rocks 3 双宾语双宾语 间宾 指人 和直宾 指物 间宾 指人 和直宾 指物 He gave me a book yesterday Give the poor man some money 四 挑出下列句中的宾语 10 分 10 分钟 My brother hasn t done his homework People all over the world speak English You must pay good attention to your pronunciation How many new words did you learn last class Some of the students in the school want to go swimming how about you The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill They made him monitor of the class Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left You will find it useful after you leave school They didn t know who Father Christmas really is 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语 5 分 5 分钟 Please tell us a story My father bought a new bike for me last week Mr Li is going to teach us history next term Here is a pen Give it to Tom Did he leave any message for me 宾补宾补 对宾语的补充 全称为宾语补足语 对宾语的补充 全称为宾语补足语 We elected him monitor 名词 We all think it a pity that she didn t come here 名 We will make them happy 形容词 We found nobody in 副词 Please make yourself at home 介词短语 Don t let him do that 省 to 不定式 His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson 带 to 不定式 Don t keep the lights burning 现在分词 I ll have my bike repaired 过去分词 五 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 6 分 6 分钟 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading room He asked her to take the boy out of school She found it difficult to do the work They call me Lily sometimes I saw Mr Wang get on the bus Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now 定语定语 定语是对名词或代词起修饰 限定作用的词 短语或句子 汉语中常用 定语是对名词或代词起修饰 限定作用的词 短语或句子 汉语中常用 的的 表示 定语通常位表示 定语通常位 于被修饰的成分前 若修饰于被修饰的成分前 若修饰 some any every no 构成的复合不定代词时 构成的复合不定代词时 如 如 something nothing 或 或 不定式 分词短语作定语 从句作定语时 则定语通常置后 副词用作定语时须放在名词之后 不定式 分词短语作定语 从句作定语时 则定语通常置后 副词用作定语时须放在名词之后 3 形容词作定语 Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher 名词 He is our friend 代词 We belong to the third world 数词 He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson 形容词 The man over there is my old friend 副词 The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister 介词 The boys playing football are in Class 2 现在分词 The trees planted last year are growing well now 过去分词 I have an idea to do it well 不定式 You should do everything that I do 定语从句 六 挑出下列句中的定语 6 分 6 分钟 They use Mr Mrs with the family name What is your given name On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3 I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor The man downstairs was trying to sleep I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe 状语状语 用来修饰 用来修饰 v adj adv or 句子 表示时间 地点 原因 目的 结果 程度 条件 方式和让步句子 表示时间 地点 原因 目的 结果 程度 条件 方式和让步 状语在句子中的位置很灵活 常见情况为 通常在句子基本结构之后 强调时放在句首 修饰形容词或状语在句子中的位置很灵活 常见情况为 通常在句子基本结构之后 强调时放在句首 修饰形容词或 副词时 通常位于被修饰的词之前 表示时间 地点 目的的状语一般位于句子两头 强调时放在句首 副词时 通常位于被修饰的词之前 表示时间 地点 目的的状语一般位于句子两头 强调时放在句首 地点状语一般须在时间状语之前 一些表示不确定时间 如 地点状语一般须在时间状语之前 一些表示不确定时间 如 often 或程度 如 或程度 如 almost 的副词状语 的副词状语 通常位于通常位于 be 动词 助动词 情态动词之后 动词之前 动词 助动词 情态动词之后 动词之前 The teacher came in with glasses on his nose 注意 此句 on his nose 不可省略 副词 短语 作状语 副词 短语 作状语 The boy needs a pen very much 程度状语 The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother 宾语较长则状语前置 The boy really needs a pen 男孩真的需要一支钢笔 程度状语 The boy needs a pen now Now the boy needs a pen The boy now needs a pen 时间状语 介词短语作状语 介词短语作状语 In the classroom the boy needs a pen 在教室里 男孩需要一支钢笔 地点状语 Before his mother Tom is always a boy 在母亲面前 汤姆总是一个男孩子 条件状语 On Sundays there is no student in the classroom 星期天 教室里没有学生 时间状语 分词 短语 作状语 分词 短语 作状语 He sits there asking for a pen 他坐在那儿要一支笔 表示伴随状态 Having to finish his homework the boy needs a pen 因为不得不完成作业 男孩需要一支笔 原因状语 Frightened he sits there soundlessly 因为 受了惊吓 他无声地坐在那儿 原因状语 不定式作状语 不定式作状语 The boy needs a pen to do his homework 男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业 目的状语 To make his dream come true Tom becomes very interested in business 为实现梦想 汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣 名词作状语 名词作状语 Come this way 走这条路 方向状语 状语从句 状语从句 时间状语从句 地点状语从句 原因状语从句 结果状语从句 目的状语从句 比较状语从句 让步 状语从句 条件状语从句 七 挑出下列句中的状语 8 分 8 分钟 There was a big smile on her face Every night he heard the noise upstairs He began to learn English when he was eleven The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast With the medicine box under her arm Miss Li hurried off 4 She loves the library because she loves books I am afraid that if you ve lost it you must pay for it The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine 划分句子成分练习划分句子成分练习 1 Our school is not far from my home 2 It is a great pleasure to talk with you 3 All of us considered him honest 4 My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes 5 He broke a piece of glass 6 He made it clear that he would leave the city 7 I love you more than her child 8 Tees turn green when spring comes 9 They pushed the door open 10 Grandma told me an interesting story last night 11 He wrote carefully some letters to his friends 12 All the students think highly of his teaching 13 We need a place twice larger than this one 14 He asked us to sing an English song 15 Don t get nervous help yourself to what you like 16 We will make our school more beautiful 17 He didn t come That is why he didn t know 18 She showed us her many of her pictures 19 The old man lives a lonely life 20 Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town 判断下列句子的结构判断下列句子的结构 一 结构一 结构 1 You should study hard 2 She went home very late yesterday evening 3 That morning we talked a great deal 4 The meeting will last two hours 5 Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years 6 Things of that sort are happening all over the world every day 7 The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919 8 Classes begin at eight every day 二 结构二 结构 1 I wrote a letter last night 2 I want to talk with you this afternoon 3 He has read this book many times 4 They have carried out the plan successfully 5 You must finish reading these books in two weeks 三 结构三 结构 1 My brothers are all college students 2 In winter the days are short and the nights are long 3 Mrs Brown looks very healthy 4 At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist 5 Children keep quiet please 四 结构四 结构 1 Mr Johnson taught us German last year 2 Grandma told me an interesting story last night 3 Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster 4 Would you please pass me the dictionary 5 He showed the ticket to the conductor 五 结构五 结构 1 We call her Alice 2 All of us considered him honest 3 He asked us to join in the game 4 The guards ordered us to leave at once 5 Tomorrow I ll have someone repair the machine 6 He has his hair cut once a month 7 The terrible sound made the children frightened 8 I have never seen the word used that way before 9 He felt it very difficult to talk with you 5 10 I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way 11 The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins 简单句 并列句和复合句简单句 并列句和复合句 一 简单句一 简单句 只有一个主语 或并列主语 和一个谓语 或并列谓语 如 He often reads English in the morning Tom and Mike are American boys She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers 画线部分为并列谓语 只有一个主语 仍为简单句 二 并列句二 并列句 由并列连词 并列连词 and but or 等等 或分号 分号 把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成 要注意 逗号是逗号是 不可以连接句子的不可以连接句子的 这一点和汉语不同 如 You help him and he helps you The future is bright the road is tortuous 表示连接两个同等概念 常用 and not only but also neither nor then 等连接等连接 The teacher s name is Smith and the student s name is John He not only stole my money but he also took my watch away 表示选择 常用的连词有 or either or otherwise 等等 Hurry up or you ll miss the train 表示转折 常用的连词有 but He was a little man with thick glasses but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting 表示因果关系 常用的连词有 so August is the time of the year for rice harvest so every day I work from dawn until dark 三 复合句三 复合句 复合句含有两个或两个以上主谓结构 其中一个主谓结构作另一个的成分 而并列句的两个主谓结构 间是并列关系 而不是从属关系 当简单句的一个成分从词或词组变为句子时 整个句子就成为复合句了 It is wrong 简单句 What he said is wrong 复合句 The boy over there is my brother 简单句 The boy who is wearing a hat is my brother 定语从句 I was doing my homework at six 简单句 I was doing my homework when he came in 复合句 从上面这几个句子 我们可以看出 一个句子如果含有从句 如名词性从句 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句和同位语从句 定语从句和 状语从句等 这个句子就是复合句 复合句的从句和主句之间要用连接词连接 复合句的从句和主句之间要用连接词连接 在上面句 1 中 what 是连接词 在句 2 中 关系代词 who 就是连接词 在句 3 中 when 起连接作用 判断下列句子是简单句 并列句还是复合句 判断下列句子是简单句 并列句还是复合句 We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom There is a chair in this room isn t there My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening 6 He is in Class One and I am in Class Two He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child Neither has he changed his mind nor will he do so What he said at the meeting is very important isn t it The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music Right now it is the summer vacation and I m helping my Dad on the farm It is the time of year for the rice harvest so every day I work from dawn until dark Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors We grow rice in the south of the States but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat Although the farm is large my Dad has only two men working for him 引导的是什么从句 不仅要根据连词 还要根据句子结构和句意来判别 说出下列复合句中 where 引导的是什么从句 You can find it where you left it Tell me the address where he lives I don t know where he comes from Where he was born is not known yet This place is where they once lived 一个句子有两个主谓结构时 要一个句子有两个主谓结构时 要考虑它们之间的连接问题考虑它们之间的连接问题 一个句子如果出现两个主谓结构 那它就不是简单句了 要么是并列句 要么是复合句 这时我们 就要考虑连接词的问题 直接用逗号连接的两个简单句是错误的 这时 我们有四种方法来改正