英语专业四级语法重点汇总

精品文档 1欢迎下载 EnglishEnglish 英语专八专四学习复习资料英语专八专四学习复习资料 英语专四语法重点汇总英语专四语法重点汇总 版权所有 违者必究 未经协议授权版权所有 违者必究 未经协议授权 禁止下载使用 禁止下载使用 注 如恶意泄漏该资料 或通过该资料作为任何盈利的手段 作者有权追究其法律责任 注 如恶意泄漏该资料 或通过该资料作为任何盈利的手段 作者有权追究其法律责任 本资料为过来人的考试经验所整理 也需结合其他复习书籍一起备考哦本资料为过来人的考试经验所整理 也需结合其他复习书籍一起备考哦 这份资料集结历年专四的考试重点 按考试经验已经过筛选这份资料集结历年专四的考试重点 按考试经验已经过筛选 一 一 非谓语动词的主要考点非谓语动词的主要考点 1 1 有些典型动词后面可以接上不定式或动名词来做宾语的 但有些典型动词后面可以接上不定式或动名词来做宾语的 但 是在意思上是有区别的 主要常考到的动词罗列如下 是在意思上是有区别的 主要常考到的动词罗列如下 mean to do 想要 做某事 VS mean doing 意味 做某事 propose to do 打算 做某事 VS propose doing 建议 做某 事 forget to do 忘记 要做的事 VS forget doing 忘记 已做 的事 remember to do 记得 要做某事 VS remember doing 记得 做过 go on to do 继而 做另一件事 VS go on doing 继续 做原来的 事 stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 VS stop doing 停止正在做的 事 regret to do 对将要做的事 遗憾 VS regret doing 对已做过的事 后悔 2 2 不定式的习惯用法不定式的习惯用法 精品文档 2欢迎下载 典型句型整理如下 如 cannot help but do 不得不做某事 如 cannot but do 不禁做某事 如 cannot choose but do 不由自主地做某事 如 can do nothing but do 不能不做某事 如 have no choice but to do 只能做某事 如 have no alternative but to do 只能做某事 例句 The boy cannotcannot helphelp butbut be greatly influenced by the useful instruction given by his family tutor When I start my job career I cannotcannot choosechoose butbut look back upon the beautiful days I spent on campus 3 3 动名词的习惯用法动名词的习惯用法 典型动名词的习惯句型整理罗列如下 如 be busy active doing sth 如 It s no good use doing sth 如 spend waste time doing sth 如 have difficulty trouble problem doing sth 如 have a good great wonderful time doing sth 如 There is no point sense harm use doing sth 例句 精品文档 3欢迎下载 ThereThere isis nono useuse cryingcrying over spilt milk 典型例句 牛奶洒了 哭也没用 后悔是没有用的 覆水难受 I really havehave problemproblem solvingsolving these mathematic questions since I am not major in science after all 二 二 形容词与副词及其比较级形容词与副词及其比较级 1 1 形容词的句法功能形容词的句法功能 形容词通常在句子中用做定语 表语与主语的语法成分 通常 考到的知识点总结如下 1 以 a a 开头的形容词开头的形容词 如 alone alike asleep awake 等一般不能做前置不能做前置 定语定语 通常是做表语或后置定语的通常是做表语或后置定语的 例句 Jerry didn t pass the important final exam please letlet him alonealone for the time being Michael came back from job just now and his eyes were shut and he seemed to have fallenfallen asleepasleep 2 某些以副词词缀以副词词缀 ly ly 结尾的词其实是形容词结尾的词其实是形容词 不能看 错是副词 例如 friendly leisurely lovely 等 3 下列动词既是实义动词又是系动词 注意用做系动词时 要求形容词做表语要求形容词做表语 精品文档 4欢迎下载 这些典型单词罗列如下 remain keep become get grow go come turn stay stand run prove seem appear look 等 例句 The situation remainsremains tensetense between the two countries at this juncture 在这个节骨眼上 两国形势仍 然持续紧张 There is strong possibility that such a style of mutual cooperation will proveprove unworkableunworkable 这种合作模式大有可能 行不通 2 2 某些词虽然不用比较级形式却自身带有比较概念某些词虽然不用比较级形式却自身带有比较概念 这些典型词汇总结如下 inferior minor senior prior prefer to superior major junior preferable differ from compared with in comparison with different from rather than 等 例句 After visiting at weekends I think their villa is superiorsuperior to all the other villas in the countryside 3 3 有关比较级的特殊句型有关比较级的特殊句型 1 notnot soso much as much as 与其说与其说 还不如说还不如说 精品文档 5欢迎下载 例句 The major reason for his suicide isn t t soso muchmuch his negative emotions asas his incapacity to take care of himself 2 no notno not anyany more than more than 两者一样都不两者一样都不 例句 It is well acknowledged by the public that the heart is nono anyany moremore intelligent thanthan the stomach for they are both controlled by the brain altogether 3 nono not not anyany less than less than 两者一样都两者一样都 例句 I was good at almost all subjects when I was in the junior high school and particularly speaking mathematics was nono anyany lessless good thanthan physics at that time 4 justjust as so as so 正如正如 也也 会使用到倒装结构 会使用到倒装结构 例如 JustJust asas chocolate is a part of my favorite food soso is the ice cream 三 三 虚拟语气虚拟语气 简明概述 虚拟语气是指说话人讲话的内容与现实或事实相反 是一种主观假想的情况 精品文档 6欢迎下载 时态 可表示过去过去 现在现在和将来将来 特征是时态相应退后时态相应退后 1 1 与现在事实相反的主观假设 与现在事实相反的主观假设 条件从句主句 一般现在时 改为 一般过去时一般过去时 注 注 bebe 动词一律改为动词一律改为 werewere should would could might 动词原形 例句 If there werewere an English dictionary we couldcould consult it for this difficult word If my bigger brother werewere here he wouldwould do us a favor to move the heavy box 2 2 与过去事实相反的主观假设 与过去事实相反的主观假设 条件从句主句 一般过去时 改为 过去完成时过去完成时 should would could might have 过去分词 例句 If he hadhad studiedstudied more diligently he wouldwould havehave passedpassed the exam undoubtedly If my favorite teacher hadhad beenbeen herehere yesterday I wouldwould 精品文档 7欢迎下载 havehave paidpaid more attention to the lesson If the child hadhad beenbeen more careful he wouldwould notnot havehave mademade such a foolish mistake 3 3 与将来事实相反的主观假设 与将来事实相反的主观假设 条件从句主句 一般过去时 注 注 bebe 动词一律改为动词一律改为 werewere were to do sth should 动词原形 should would could might 动词原形 例句 If you mademade great progress in the near future you shouldshould not forget your teachers If you werewere toto make great progress in the near future you shouldshould not forget your teachers If you shouldshould make great progress in the near future you shouldshould be grateful to your teachers 混合条件句 混合条件句 主句和条件从句所发生的时间点不一致 这个时候就需要根据主句和条件从句所发生的时间点不一致 这个时候就需要根据 各自的时态进行倒退来做相应修改 各自的时态进行倒退来做相应修改 精品文档 8欢迎下载 例句 If you hadhad finishedfinished your homework by yourself yesterday 过去 you wouldwould notnot copy other s answers in a hurry 现在 If you hadhad askedasked your mother how to cook last week 过 去 you wouldwould know clearly each cooking step of the dish 现在 虚拟语气的倒装虚拟语气的倒装 如果从句中有如果从句中有 werewere shouldshould hadhad 则需要倒装 则需要倒装 倒装方法 将倒装方法 将 ifif 省略 再把省略 再把 werewere shouldshould hadhad 挪到从句的句挪到从句的句 首 首 注 如果从句中没有注 如果从句中没有 werewere shouldshould hadhad 则不能省略 则不能省略 ifif 也 也 不可倒装 不可倒装 例句 原句 If my bigger brother werewere here he would help us to move the heavy box 倒装 WereWere my bigger brother here he would help us to move the heavy box 原句 If the child hadhad been more careful he would not 精品文档 9欢迎下载 have made such a foolish mistake 倒装 HadHad the child been more careful he would not have made such a foolish mistake 原句 If you shouldshould make great progress in the near future you should be grateful to your teachers 倒装 ShouldShould you make great progress in the near future you should be grateful to your teachers 虚拟语气词 虚拟语气词 shouldshould 很简单 三种形式 1 1 ItIt isis suggested requested ordered suggested requested ordered etc etc 具有命 具有命 令 建议 要求等口吻的动词过去分词 令 建议 要求等口吻的动词过去分词 thatthat sbsb shouldshould shouldshould 可省略 可省略 dodo 动词原形 动词原形 sth sth 注 这类动词还可以有其他三种从句形式来代替 注 这类动词还可以有其他三种从句形式来代替 例如 原句 原句 It is suggested that students should use dictionary in exam 宾语从句 宾语从句 I suggest that students should use dictionary in exam 表语从句 表语从句 精品文档 10欢迎下载 My suggestion is that students should use dictionary in exam 同位语从句 同位语从句 I provided a suggestion that students should use dictionary in exam 2 2 ItIt isis necessary important indispensable necessary important indispensable etc etc 带有主观色彩的形容词 带有主观色彩的形容词 thatthat sbsb should should dodo sth sth 3 3 ItIt isis a a pity apity a shame shame etc etc 名词性词组 名词性词组 thatthat sbsb should should dodo sth sth 虚拟语气特殊句型 虚拟语气特殊句型 ItIt isis highhigh highhigh 可省略 可省略 timetime thatthat 该是该是 的时候的时候 了了 that that 从句动词可以用从句动词可以用 1 1 过去时过去时 2 2 shouldshould 不能省略 不能省略 动词原形动词原形 例句 It is high time that we shouldshould draw up a contract It is high time that we drew up a contract 草拟合同 精品文档 11欢迎下载 含蓄虚拟语气含蓄虚拟语气 除了常规的连词除了常规的连词 ifif 以外 还可以借助其他介词 介词词组 句以外 还可以借助其他介词 介词词组 句 子来引导虚拟语气从句 子来引导虚拟语气从句 1 1 WithoutWithout 要是没有要是没有 例句 WithoutWithout the rescue of firefighters timely our lives would not have been saved 2 2 ButBut forfor 要不是要不是 例句 ButBut forfor your professional help I could not have achieved such a big progress in medical community 3 3 UnderUnder 在某种情况下在某种情况下 例句 UnderUnder suchsuch circumstancescircumstances the criminal would not have perpetrated acts of violence upon children 4 4 WithWith 有有 的前提下的前提下 例句 WithWith the data collected one month earlier we could finish the project more efficiently 5 5 InIn thethe absenceabsence ofof 如果没有如果没有 例句 InIn thethe absenceabsence ofof law women would continue to 精品文档 12欢迎下载 lack their rights to vote on their own 6 6 OtherwiseOtherwise 否则否则 例句 We didn t know his educational background and achievement in this field otherwiseotherwise we would have fired him 7 7 IfIf itit werewere notnot forfor 要不是要不是 用于现在的情况 用于现在的情况 例句 IfIf itit werewere notnot forfor the brilliant guidance of the Communist Party of China we could not lead a happy life 8 8 IfIf itit hadhad notnot beenbeen forfor 要不是要不是 用于过去 用于过去 已已 经发生的情况 经发生的情况 例句 IfIf itit hadhad notnot beenbeen forfor my illness I would have attended this important meeting last Monday 倒装 HadHad itit notnot beenbeen forfor my illness I would have attended this important meeting last Monday 9 9 asas if asif as thoughthough 好像好像 似的似的 按照具体的语境 既可以用虚拟语气 表示与实际情况相反 精品文档 13欢迎下载 主观臆断 也可以用陈述语气 表示实现的可能性较大或所说 情况即是事实 例句 Time can take away our happiness and sadness asas if thoughif though it waswas endowed with magic power 与现在事实 相反的虚拟语气 My teacher has contributed herself a lot asas if thoughif though she waswas a candle which lights others and consumes itself 与现在事实相反的虚拟语气 The student studied industriously asas if thoughif though he hadhad nevernever feltfelt tired and exhausted 与过去事实相反的虚拟语 气 The boy still stays calm asas if thoughif though he hashas knownknown the beginning and the end of the matter alreadyalready 就是事实 按实际的时态即可 四 定语从句四 定语从句 简明概述 定语从句在句中充当定语的角色 修饰句中前面所 提到的名 代词 被修饰的名 代词称为先行词 精品文档 14欢迎下载 关系代词关系代词 who who whom whom whose whose which which thatthat 注 没有 what 关系代词所代替的主要是人或物的名 代词 在句中充当主语 宾语 定语等成分 who who whom whom thatthat 都可代替人都可代替人 例句 Is thethe boyboy who thatwho that cheated in the examination who that 作为从句主语 代替 the boy He is thethe manman whom thatwhom that we won t recruit due to his criminal records who that 作为从句宾语 代替 the man whosewhose 可指代人或物可指代人或物 注 如果注 如果 whosewhose 指物的话 也可以用指物的话 也可以用 ofof whichwhich 来代替 来代替 例句 Our conversation was stopped by a a manman whosewhose hair is blonde I lent him thisthis bookbook whosewhose pages curled up due to my constant use I lent him thisthis bookbook thethe pagespages ofof whichwhich curled up due to my constant use 精品文档 15欢迎下载 which which thatthat 代替事物代替事物 例句 We ll never forget thethe atrociousatrocious violenceviolence which thatwhich that was committed by Japanese soldiers Is thatthat fashionfashion showshow which thatwhich that you were talking about just now 作宾语时可省 关系副词关系副词 when when where where whywhy 关系副词分别代替的先行词为时间 地点和原因 在从句中充 当状语的角色 注 注 when when where where whywhy 也可用也可用 介词介词 which which 来代替 来代替 例句 This was thethe momentmoment when atwhen at whichwhich the two sides reached a deadlock again and terminated their negotiation XiXi anan is one of the most famous cultural cities where inwhere in whichwhich millions of worldwide tourists will choose to make a tour Is this thethe reasonreason why forwhy for whichwhich there is a severe shortage of funds for our research 注 注 thatthat 是可以代替关系副词的 即是可以代替关系副词的 即 thatthat 可取代可取代 when when where where why why 和和 介词介词 which which 的形式 的形式 在口语中 在口语中 thatthat 可省可省 精品文档 16欢迎下载 略 略 注 介词后面的关系词不能省略 而且注 介词后面的关系词不能省略 而且 thatthat 前不能有介词前不能有介词 例句转换 This was thethe momentmoment thatthat the two sides reached a deadlock again and terminated their negotiation XiXi anan is one of the most famous cultural cities thatthat millions of worldwide tourists will choose to make a tour Is this thethe reasonreason thatthat there is a severe shortage of funds for our research 限制性限制性 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 重点概括整理 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句先行词是不能省略的 因为省 了先行词的话 句子的意思就会变得不完整和不明确 缺少必 要的说明解释 而非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句是先行词的额外说明 是 可以省略的 省了也不会影响句子的意思和整体性 并且与主 句之间常用 隔开 比较例句 This is thethe bookbook which that which that I bought yesterday 限 制性 ThisThis bookbook I bought yesterday is very inspiring 非 精品文档 17欢迎下载 限制性 通常是非限制性定语从句的情况分析 通常是非限制性定语从句的情况分析 StevenSteven SpielbergSpielberg whom I admire very much in Hollywood movie making field won another Oscar Award this year 专有名词 人名 MyMy beloved dog which I bought 5 years ago has caught a bad cold recently 有物主代词的时候 ThisThis experiment which was conducted last weekends proves to be a big success 有指示代词的时候 Her child was always absent minded in learning and failed in exams whichwhich made her disappointed once again 由 which 代替整句主句 关系代词关系代词 thatthat 的特殊用法总结 只能用的特殊用法总结 只能用 thatthat 的情况 的情况 先行词既包含人又包含物 只用先行词既包含人又包含物 只用 thatthat 不用 不用 whichwhich 例句 The volunteers were talking about thethe nonprofitnonprofit organizationorganization andand itsits staffstaff thatthat made an indelible impression on them 精品文档 18欢迎下载 当不定代词作为先行词 如当不定代词作为先行词 如 anyoneanyone anythinganything nothingnothing anyany everythingeverything somethingsomething littlelittle fewfew muchmuch allall 等 等 只用 只用 thatthat 不用 不用 whichwhich 例句 He shared everythingeverything with us thatthat aroused his interest in chemistry at school 先行词用先行词用 thethe only veryonly very 修饰时 只用修饰时 只用 thatthat 不用 不用 whichwhich 例句 The girl is thethe onlyonly student thatthat will blush with shyness when talking with boys 先行词是序数词 数词 形容词最高级时 只用先行词是序数词 数词 形容词最高级时 只用 thatthat 不用 不用 whichwhich 例句 The firstfirst English award thatthat I won was an English debate competition held by Foreign Languages Institute at my university This was thethe busiestbusiest period thatthat we spent last year in project consulting and research industry 在在 ThereThere bebe 句型中 只用句型中 只用 thatthat 不用 不用 whichwhich 例句 ThereThere waswas a ship thatthat passed through a strait 精品文档 19欢迎下载 五 名词性从句五 名词性从句 简明概述 名词性从句在句中相当于名词词组 成分 由于它在 复合句中能作主语 宾语 表语 同位语等 因此名词性从句 总称 又可分别称为主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句和同位 语从句等 引导名词性从句的连接词重点概括如下 引导名词性从句的连接词重点概括如下 1 1 连接词 连接词 that that whether whether ifif 只起连接主句和从句的作用 只起连接主句和从句的作用 在从句中不作任何成分 在从句中不作任何成分 注 1 1 ItIt isis necessarynecessary a a thatthat 2 2 ItIt isis knownknown ed ed 分词分词 thatthat 3 3 ItIt isis a a pitypity n n thatthat that 从句作主语时 常用 it 作先行词放在句首作为形式主 语 而将 that 从句放在句末 避免头重脚轻 4 4 ItIt seemsseems vi vi thatthat 2 2 连接代词 连接代词 whatwhat whatever whatever whowho whoever whoever whom whom 精品文档 20欢迎下载 whose whose whichwhich whichever whichever 3 3 连接副词 连接副词 when when where where why why howhow 注 连接代词和连接副词作主语时 也常用 it 作先行词放在句 首作为形式主语 例句 ItIt is doubtful whywhy his parents are determined so persistently to send the young boy abroad for further study ItIt has not been decided yet whowho will take the responsibility to negotiate with the government 注 1 引导主语从句主语从句的连接词不可省略 例句 ThatThat the candidate was selected as the Party Chairman made us excited 注 2 引导同位语从句同位语从句的连接词不可省略 例句 We worried about thethe forecastforecast thatthat there would be only a few affordable apartments prepared for blue collar workers in tier one cities 一线城市 in the following three years 注 3 表示 是否 的时候 只用只用 whetherwhether 不用不用 ifif 的情况 1 后有后有 or or not not 例句 It is unknown to all whetherwhether the new policy can 精品文档 21欢迎下载 improve the standard of people s lives oror notnot 2 引导表语从句表语从句 例句 The keynote is whetherwhether children s safety can be guaranteed 3 引导主语从句并在句首主语从句并在句首 例句 WhetherWhether the experiment could be conducted or not remained unknown to the students 4 作介词宾语作介词宾语 例句 The child isis fearfulfearful ofof whetherwhether another war will break out at any moment 六 倒装六 倒装 简明概述 倒装句由全部倒装全部倒装和部分倒装部分倒装组成 全部倒装全部倒装是把 句中的谓语部分全部挪到主语前面 时态通常是一般现在时和 一般过去时 部分倒装部分倒装则是将谓语的一部分 如助动词或情态 动词倒装于主语之前 如果谓语没有助动词或情态动词 则需 要我们帮助补充助动词 如 do does did 并将它们放在主 语的前面 全部倒装 时态通常是一般现在时和一般过去时 全部倒装 时态通常是一般现在时和一般过去时 精品文档 22欢迎下载 A 句中如有副词 here here there there now now then then away away hence hence thus thus etc etc 位于句首位于句首 谓语动词为 come come go go be be stand stand fall fall lie lie etc etc 典型例句 AwayAway ran the child ThereThere lives a tiger HereHere is your money B 表示方位 运动方向的副词 如 in in out out away away off off up up down down etc etc 位于句首位于句首 谓语表示运动的动词 如 come come go go jump jump run run swim swim stand stand rush rush etc etc 例句 AwayAway swam a whale C 地点状语地点状语位于句首 例句 UnderUnder thethe treetree rested an old lady D ThereThere bebe 句型 例句 ThereThere isis 注意主谓一致 a radio two television sets and ten chairs in this room ThereThere areare many TV programs in prime time 黄金时间段 精品文档 23欢迎下载 注 全部倒装只有在主语是注 全部倒装只有在主语是名词名词的前提下才能全部倒装 如果的前提下才能全部倒装 如果 主语是主语是人称代词人称代词则不能全部倒装 则不能全部倒装 对比例句 AwayAway ran the child Away hehe ran ThereThere lives a tiger There itit lives 部分倒装 部分倒装 A 句首有否定或半否定的词语句首有否定或半否定的词语 注 如果否定词不在句首 则 不需要倒装 Eg No No Not Not None None Nobody Nobody Nowhere Nowhere Never Never Little Little Few Few Seldom Seldom Hardly Hardly AtAt nono time time InIn nono way way NotNot untiluntil NotNot onlyonly butbut alsoalso HardlyHardly whenwhen ScarcelyScarcely whenwhen NoNo soonersooner thanthan etc etc 例句 NowhereNowhere can you find a place better than your home InIn nono wayway could you destroy the incontrovertible evidence AtAt nono timetime can a country use force towards a vulnerable group NeverNever have I scolded my child even if he has made any mistakes 重点 NotNot untiluntil 精品文档 24欢迎下载 总结 主句倒装 从句不倒装 否定词不在句首不需倒装总结 主句倒装 从句不倒装 否定词不在句首不需倒装 例句对比 NotNot untiluntil thatthat timetime 名词短语 名词短语 did I know why she chose to leave me without any hesitation I didn n t t know why she chose to leave me without any hesitation untiluntil thatthat timetime NotNot untiluntil thethe childchild mademade a a fullfull recoveryrecovery fromfrom thethe heartheart operationoperation 从句 从句 did his father go abroad on business The father didn n t t go abroad on business untiluntil thethe childchild mademade a a fullfull recoveryrecovery fromfrom thethe heartheart operationoperation 重点 NotNot onlyonly butbut alsoalso 1 Not only A but also B 若 A 和 B 是名词性短语名词性短语 则不需 要倒装 例句 Not only studentsstudents but also teachersteachers should keep studying continuously and absorb new knowledge to broaden their minds 2 Not only A but also B 若 A 和 B 都是分句分句的话 则 A 倒 装 B 不倒装 对比例句 NotNot onlyonly should we reconstruct economy butbut alsoalso create 精品文档 25欢迎下载 more positions for the unemployed We should notnot onlyonly reconstruct economy butbut alsoalso create more positions for the unemployed 重点 HardlyHardly whenwhen ScarcelyScarcely whenwhen NoNo soonersooner thanthan 对比例句 注意时态 前过完后过去时注意时态 前过完后过去时 HardlyHardly had I left home whenwhen my dog barked I had hardlyhardly left home whenwhen my dog barked ScarcelyScarcely had we gone out of the classroom whenwhen it began to rain We had scarcelyscarcely gone out of the classroom whenwhen it began to rain NoNo s