经典中国古文英语翻译

经典古文英语翻译 第 1 页 经典中国古文英语翻译经典中国古文英语翻译 但愿人长久 千里共婵娟 We wish each other a long life so as to share the beauty of this graceful moonlight even though miles apart 独在异乡为异客 每逢佳节倍思亲 A lonely stranger in a strange land I am cast I miss my family all the mo re on every festive day 大江东去 浪淘尽 千古风流人物 The endless river eastward flows with its huge waves are gone all those gallant heroes of bygone years 二人同心 其利断金 If two people are of the same mind their sharpness can cut through met al 富贵不能淫 贫贱不能移 威武不能曲 此之谓大丈夫 It is a true great man whom no money and rank can confuse no poverty and hardship can shake and no power and force can suffocate 海内存知己 天涯若比邻 A bosom friend afar brings distance near 合抱之木 生于毫末 九层之台 起于累土 千里之行始于足下 A huge tree that fills one s arms grows from a tiny seedling a nine storied tower rises from a heap of earth a thousand li journey starts wit h the first step 祸兮 福之所依 福兮 祸之所伏 Misfortune that is where happiness depends happiness that is where misfortune underlies 见贤思齐焉 见不贤而内自省也 On seeing a man of virtue try to become his equal on seeing a man wit hout virtue examine yourself not to have the same defects 江山如此多娇 引无数英雄尽折腰 This land so rich in beauty has made countless heroes bow in homage 举头望明月 低头思故乡 Raising my head I see the moon so bright withdrawing my eyes my no stalgia comes around 俱往矣 数风流人物 还看今朝 All are past and gone we look to this age for truly great men 君子成人之美 不成人之恶 经典古文英语翻译 第 2 页 The gentleman helps others to achieve their moral perfection but not the ir evil conduct 君子独立不惭于影 独寝不愧于魂 A righteous man never feels ashamed to face his shadow when standing alone and to face his soul when sleeping alone 君子之交淡如水 小人之交甘如醴 君子淡以亲 小人甘以绝 The friendship between men of virtue is light like water yet affectionate the friendship between men without virtue is sweet like wine yet easily broken 老吾老以及人之老 幼吾幼以及人之幼 Expend the respect of the aged in one s family to that of other families e xpend the love of the young ones in one s family to that of other familie s 礼尚往来 往而不来 非礼也 来而不往 亦非礼也 Propriety suggests reciprocity It is not propriety not to give out but to r eceive or vice versa 两情若是长久时 又岂在朝朝暮暮 If love between both sides can last for aye why need they stay together night and day 路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索 The way ahead is long I see no ending yet high and low I ll search with my will unbending 民为贵 社稷次之 君为轻 The people are the most important element in a state next are the gods of land and grain least is the ruler himself 千丈之堤 以蝼蚁之穴溃 百尺之屋 以突隙之烟焚 A long dike will collapse because of an ant hole in it a tall building will be burned down by a spark from a chimne y s chink 锲而舍之 朽木不折 锲而不 舍 金石可镂 Carve but give up half way even a decayed piece of wood will not brea k carve without stop even metal and stone can be engraved 人有悲欢离合 月有阴晴阳缺 此事古难全 People have sorrow and joy they part and meet again The moon dims or shines it waxes or wanes Nothing is perfect not even in the olden d ays 人之于文学也 犹玉之于琢磨也 经典古文英语翻译 第 3 页 Learning and culture are to a person what polished and grinding are to j ade 三人行 必有我师焉 择其善者而从之 其不善者而改之 Among any three people walking I will find something to learn for sure Their good qualities are to be followed and their shortcomings are to be avoided 士不可以不弘毅 任重而道远 仁以为己任 不亦重乎 死而后己 不亦 远乎 An educated gentleman cannot but be resolute and broad minded for he has taken up a heavy responsibility and a long course Is it not a heavy responsibility which is to practice benevolence Is it not a long course which will end only with his death 士之为人 当理不避其难 临患忘利 遗生行义 视死如归 A moral intellectual is one who escapes no danger in face of truth disca rds personal interests in front of disaster practices righteousness at the expense of life and looks upon death as going home 逝者如斯夫 不舍昼夜 The passage of time is just like the flow of water which goes on day and night 顺天者存 逆天者亡 Those who follow the Heaven s law will survive those who go against i t will perish 天将降大任于斯人也 必先苦其心志 劳其筋骨 饿其体肤 空乏其身 行拂乱其所为 所以动心忍性 增益其所不能 When Heaven is about to place a great responsibility on a great man it always first frustrates his spirit and will exhausts his muscles and bone s exposes him to starvation and poverty harasses him by troubles and s etbacks so as to stimulate his spirit toughen his nature and enhance his abilities 天生我才必有用 Heaven has endowed me with talents for eventual use 天时不如地利 地利不如人和 Opportunities vouchsafed by Heaven are less important than terrestrial advantages which in turn are less important than the unity among peo ple 天行健 君子以自强不息 As Heaven s movement is ever vigorous so must a gentleman ceaselessl 经典古文英语翻译 第 4 页 y strive along 温故而知新 可以为师矣 He who by reviewing the old can gain knowledge of the new and is fit t o be a teacher 物格而后知至 知至而后意诚 意诚而后心正 心正而后身修 身修而后 家齐 家齐而后治国 国治而后天下平 Things investigated genuine knowledge acquired genuine knowledge acquired thoughts purified thoughts purified hearts rectified hearts re ctified personalities cultivated personalities cultivated families regulat ed families regulated the states well governed the states well governed the whole world will be in peace and tranquil 相见时难别亦难 It is unbearable to meet as well as to depart 学不可以已 青取之于蓝 而青于蓝 冰 水为之 而寒于冰 君子博学 而日参省乎己 则知明而行无过矣 There is never an end to learning The dye extracted from the indigo is b luer than the plant so is the ice colder than the water By broadly learni ng and constantly examining himself every day the gentleman sharpen s his awareness and makes fewer mistakes 学而不思则罔 思而不学则殆 Learning without thinking leads to confusion thinking without learning ends in danger 学而不厌 诲人不倦 Never be contented with your study never be impatient with your teac hing 学如逆水行舟 不进则退 Learning is like rowing upstream not to advance is to drop back 有朋自远方来 不亦乐乎 It is such a delight to have friends coming from afar 玉不琢 不成器 人不学 不知义 As a jade without chiseling will not become a useful object a man witho ut learning will not know the Way 欲穷千里目 更上一层楼 We widen our views three hundred miles by ascending one flight of stai rs Exhausting my eyes to a thousand li further I am ascending one mo re story of the tower 在天愿做比翼鸟 在地愿为连理枝 经典古文英语翻译 第 5 页 In heaven let us be two birds flying ever together and on earth two tree s with branches interlocked forever 不登高山 不知天之厚也 不临深渊 不知地之厚也 One can never be aware of the height of the sky or the depth of the earth if he does not climb up a high mountain or look down into a deep abyss 大道之行也 天下为公 A public spirit will rule all under the sky when the great Way prevails 大江东去 浪淘尽 千古风流人物 The endless river eastward flows with its huge waves are gone all those gallant heroes of bygone years 丹青不知老将近 富贵于我如浮云 Absorbed in painting you know not old age is coming indeed to me wealth and rank are like clouds scudding 曲则全 枉则直 洼则盈 敝则新 少则得 多则惑 To be part is to be whole to be bent is to be straight to be hollow is to b e filled to be worn out is to be renewed to have little is to have more to have much is to be confused 出师表英文赏析出师表英文赏析 Petition on Taking the Field Permit your servant Liang to observe the late sovereign was taken from us while his life s work the restoration of the Han remained unfinished Today in a divided empire our third the province of Yizhou war worn and under duress faces a season of crisis that threatens our very survival Despite this the officials at court persevere in their tasks and loyal minded officers throughout the realm dedicate themselves to you because one and all they cherish the memory of the exceptional treatment they enjoyed from the late sovereign and wish to repay it in service to Your Majesty Truly this is a time to widen your sagely audience in order to enhance the late Emperor s glorious virtue and foster the morale fo your dedicated officers It would be unworthy of your majesty to demean yourself by resorting to ill chosen justifications that would block the avenues of loyal remonstrance 经典古文英语翻译 第 6 页 The royal court and the ministerial administration constitute a single government Both must be judged by one standard Those who do evil and violate the codes as well as those who are loyal and good must receive their due from the proper authorities This will make manifest Your Majesty s fair and enlightened governance Let no unseemly bias lead to different rules for the court and the administration Privy Counselors and Imperial Attendants like Guo Youzhi Fei Yi and Dong Yun are all solid reliable men loyal of purpose pure in motive The late Emperor selected them for office so that they would serve Your Majesty after his demise In my own humble opinion consulting these men on palace affairs great or small before action is taken will prevent errors and shortcomings and maximize advantages Xiang Chong a general of fine character and fair minded conduct profoundly versed in military matters proved himself in battle during the previous reign and the late Emperor pronounced him capable That is why the assembly has recommended him for overall command In my humble opinion General Xiang Chong should be consulted on all military matters large or small to ensure harmony in the ranks and judicious use of personal The Former Han thrived because its emperors stayed close to worthy vassals and far from conniving courtiers The opposite policy led the Later Han to ruin Whenever the late Emperor discussed this problem with me he decried the failings of Emperors Huan and Ling Privy Counselors Guo Youzhi and Fei Yi Secretary Chen Zhen Senior Advisor Zhang Yi and Military Counselor Jiang Wan are all men of shining integrity and unshakable devotion I beg Your Majesty to keep close to them and to trust them for that will strengthen our hopes for the resurgence of the house of Han I began as a common man toiling in my fields in Nanyang doing what I could to keep body and soul together in an age of disorder and taking no interest in making a name for myself among the lords of the realm Though it was beneath the dignity of the late Emperor to do so he honored my thatched cottage to solicit my counsel on the events of the day Grateful for his regard I responded to his appeal and threw myself heart and soul into his service Hard times followed for the cause of the late Emperor I assumed my duties at a critical moment 经典古文英语翻译 第 7 页 for our defeated army accepting assignment in a period of direst danger Now twenty one years have passed The late Emperor always appreciated my meticulous caution and as the end neared placed his great cause in my hands Since that moment I have tormented myself night and day lest I prove unworthy of his trust and thus discredit his judgment That is why I crossed the River Lu in the summer heat and penetrated the barren lands of the Man Now the south subdued our arms sufficing it behooves me to marshal our soldiers to conquer the northern heartland and do my humble best to remove the hateful traitors restore the house of Han and return it to the former capital This is the way I mean to honor my debt to the late Emperor and fulfill my duty to Your Majesty As for weighing the advantages of internal policy and making loyal recommendations to Your Majesty that is the responsibility of Guo Youzhi Fei Yi and Dong Yun My only advice is to obtain and execute your commission to chasten the traitors and restore the Han Should I prove unfit punish my offense and report it to the spirit of the late Emperor If those three vassals fail to sustain Your Majesty s virtue then their negligence should be publicized and censured Your Majesty take counsel with yourself and consult widely on the right course Examine and adopt sound opinions and never forget the last edict fo the late Emperor Overwhelmed with gratitude for the favor I have received from you I now depart on a distant campaign Blinded by my tears falling on this petition I write I know not what Second Petition on Taking the Field Post By 2008 2 19 12 30 30 Painfully recognizing that either the kingdom of Han or the kingdom of Wei must fall and that our royal rule will never know security if confined to a part of the realm the later Emperor empowered me to wage righteous war against the northern traitors Accurately appraising his vassal s abilities he knew full well what feeble talent I had to pit against so strong an enemy but not to go forward spelled our doom To arms rather than to bow to fate Thus the late Emperor charged me and he never wavered in that commitment The day I received his mandate I neither slept nor ate the northern expedition occupied my thoughts But first we had to move into the 经典古文英语翻译 第 8 页 region south of us In the fifth month I crossed the River Lu and penetrated deep into aboriginal territory going without food for days at a time not because I threw caution to the winds but because knowing that your majesty s rule could never have survived confined to the Shu capital we would have faced any danger any difficulty to carry out the late Emperor s last wishes Critics have complained of this plan Now when teh traitors are spent in the west and occupied in the east military logic tells us to exploit their distress It is time to move forward Allow me to present further details of this case The founder of the Han Emperor Gao Zu had wisdom of a heavenly scale and advisers of great depth and subtlety Yet he tested treacherous terrain and suffered painful defeats gaining security only after many trials and ordeals Your Majesty will never surpass Emperor Gao Zu your advisers will never surpass Zhang Liang and Chen Ping How Your Majesty could seek a long range plan for conquering the empire from a passive position is the first thing I fail to understand Imperial Inspector Liu Yao and Governor Wang Lang each held imperial territory They were concerned for their security and worked out plans freely citing the ancient sages But a crowd of doubts filled their breasts innumerable obstacles impeded their thinking and they put off military action from year to year That they thus allowed Sun Ce to wax in power unhampered and eventually engross the whole of the Southland is the second thing I fail to understand Cao Cao no shrewder planner than he waged war in a manner worthy of Sunzi and Wu Qi Nonetheless his enemies trapped him at Nanyang put him in straits in Wuchao imperiled his life at Qilian pressed him hard at Liyang nearly ruined him at Beishan and almost killed him at Tong Pass After all that he enjoyed a brief period of false security How then this vassal Liang with so much less talent than Cao Cao could ever conquer the north without running risks is the third thing I fail to understand Cao Cao attacked Changba five times but could not subdue it He tried to cross Lake Chao four times and failed He took Li Fu into his service but Li Fu conspired against him He gave authority to Xiaohou Yuan but Xiaohou Yuan died The late Emperor always acknowledged Cao Cao s capabilities yet he had his failures too How then one so inferior as this vassal could guarantee a victory is the fourth thing I fail to 经典古文英语翻译 第 9 页 appreciate Alas since arriving in Hanzhong in one