定语从句(加到36题)

1 星海实验中学高一英语语法讲义一星海实验中学高一英语语法讲义一 定语从句定语从句 一 定义 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句 被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词 从 字面上看 定语从句是从属于主句的一个从句 即去掉之后主句仍是完整的句子 并且定 语从句本身具有完整的句子成分 即主谓 主谓宾 主谓宾宾补 主系表等 但是由于其 从句的特性 需要有词来引导它 引导定语从句的词叫做关系词 并且始终置于定语从句 之首 根据在定语从句中所做的成分来看 关系词分为两种 关系代词和关系副词 具体 见下 常见关系代词 指代对象 人 who whom that 物 which that 既有人又有物 that 定语 whose 常见关系副词 when why where 二 关系代词的选用 关系代词代替先行词 在定语从句中充当主语 宾语 宾补或表语 即句子的基本成 分 如果先行词为人 并且关系代词在定语从句中做主语 那么可以选用 who 或者 that 如 This is the man who thatwho that helped me 如果先行词为人 并且关系代词在定语从句中做宾语 可以选用 who whom 或者 that 如 The doctor who whom thatwho whom that you are looking for is in the room 如果先行词为物 那么可以选用 which 或者 that 如 The building that whichthat which stands near the river is our school whose 在定语从句中 相当于先行词 s of which 或者 of whom 即 whose 在定语从 句中做定语 既可以指人又可以指物 如 Do you know the man whosewhose name is John Do you see the house whosewhose windows are all broken 但是当 whose 和 of which 或者 of whom 转换时 一定要加上 the 变成特指 上面两句 可以变成 Do you know the man ofof whomwhom the name is John Do you see the house ofof whichwhich the windows are all broken 三 关系副词的选用 如果定语从句中不缺基本成分 则根据先行词及句意 从 when why where 三个词中 选择 关系副词在定语从句中做状语 表示时间 地点和原因 如 This is the place wherewhere we lived for 5 years We lived in the place for five years 先行词指地点 定语从句中不缺基本成分 缺状语 I know the reason whywhy he did so He did so for the reason 先行词指原因 定语从句中不缺基本成分 缺状语 注意区分 I know the reason thatthat he explained at the meeting I remember the day whenwhen we met We met on the day 先行词指时间 定语从句 2 中不缺基本成分 缺状语 从上述几个例句发现 1 关系副词相当于介词 先行词 在定语从句中做状语 2 所有的关系副词都可以换成相应的介词 which 即 This is the place inin whichwhich we lived for 5 years I know the reason forfor whichwhich he did so I remember the day onon whichwhich we met 四 注意事项 1 that 在定语从句中并不是万能的 介词后面的关系代词只能是 which 和 whom 指 人的时候用 whom 指物的时候用 which 绝对不能出现 that 如 Here is the money withwith whichwhich you can buy the book Nancy is the person onon whomwhom you can depend 非限制性定语从句中 that 也不能使用 定语从句与主句被逗号隔开的称为非限制性 定语从句 没有逗号隔开的则是限制性定语从句 非限制定语从句与主句关系较小 起到 解释说明的作用 去掉对句意影响不大 限制性定语从句起到限定作用 去掉后可能会导 致主句表意不明 如 The moon whichwhich is 384 400 kilometers away from the earth is very beautiful My sister whowho works in Shanghai sends me an email almost every day 2 当先行词既有人又有物的时候 关系代词只能用 that 如 I will never forget the things and people thatthat we met when we were in Nanjing 3 关系代词不能用 which 只能用 that 的情况有 1 先行词是不定代词 all few little much something nothing anything 等 如 All that we have to do is to practice every day Much thatthat you have read is nonsense 2 先行词被序数词或者形容词最高级修饰 如 The first lesson thatthat I learned will never be forgotten This is the most interesting book thatthat I have ever read 3 先行词被 all any every each few little no some 等修饰 如 I have read all the books thatthat you gave me Any paper thatthat you read will give the same story No man thatthat has common sense can believe it 4 先行词被 the only the very the same the last 修饰 如 He is the only person thatthat I want to talk to This is the very book thatthat I want to buy 4 当关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中做宾语时 关系代词能够被省略 如 The girl whom who that whom who that you met yesterday lives next door I ll tell you everything that that I know 5 the way 后面的定语从句 当 the way 后面的定语从句不缺基本成分时 可以用 that in which 省略 如 The way that in that in which which one behaves says what type of person she is 6 关系代词 which 的特别用法 which 除了代替先行词在定语从句中做成分之外 还能代替前面描述的整个或部分 3 句子 如 He saw the girl whichwhich delighted him 7 关系代词 as 的特别用法 1 as 做关系代词 要区别前面描述的 which that who whom 等 当先行词被 such 或者 so 修饰的时候 关系代词只能用 as 如 Such people asas were mentioned by him were honest These questions are so difficult asas no one can answer 区分 These questions are so difficult that no one can answer them 2 as 和 which 一样也可以代替整个句子 但是差别在于 as 长用在一些固定的结构中 as we all know as is known to all as is expected as is often the case 有正如的意思 as 引导的定语从句位置任意 而 which 引导的定语从句只能出现在其替代的部分后面 如 AsAs is known to all he is the best student in our class 该句如果用 which 改写的话只能改成 He is the best student in our class whichwhich is known to all 同步测验 1 On May 12th many parts of Sichuan were struck by an earthquake from effects the people are still suffering A thatB whoseC thoseD what 2 2012 安徽 29 A lot of language learning has been discovered is happening in the first year of life so parents should talk much to their children during that period A as B it C whichD this 3 Do you know the man A whom I spokeB to who spokeC I spoke toD that I spoke 4 The factory we ll visit next week is not far from here A whereB to which C which D in which 5 Do you know the year the Chinese Communist Party was founded A which B that C when D on which 6 He made another wonderful discovery of great importance to science A which I think is B which I think it isC which I think it D I think is 7 Is oxygen the only gas helps fire burn A that B C which D it 8 This is the first time he has been here A that B when C at which D which 9 I don t like you speak to her A the way B they way in that C the way which D the way of which 10 All that can be eaten eaten up A are being B has been C had been D have been 11 I have bought two ballpoint pens writes well A none of themB neither of them C neither of which D none of which 12 Many countries are now setting up national parks animals and plants can be protected A when B which C whoseD where 13 The clever boy made a hole in the wall he could see was going on inside house A which what B through which what C through that whatD what that 14 Is some German friends visited last week 4 A this schoolB this the school C this school one D this school where 15 Last summer we visited the West Lake Hangzhou is famous in the world A for which B for that C in which D what 16 I can never forget the day we worked together and the day we spent together A when whichB which when C what thatD on which when 17 The factory was built in a secret place around high mountains A which was B it was C which were D them were 18 When reading a novel it is important to look at the political and cultural context the novel is written A whyB that C whichD where 19 David is such a good boy all the teachers like A that B who C asD whom 20 Happiness and success often come to those are good at recognizing their own strengths A whomB who C whatD which 21 The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built A what B whereC whenD why 22 The course that Beijing University offers normally attracts 30 foreign students per year up to half will be from America A in which B for whom C with which D of whom 23 He talked about a hero no one had ever heard A of whom B from whom C about that D who 24 This is the very letter came last night A who B which C that D as 25 My new boss offers me a higher salary I can get a considerable bonus extra payment at the end of the year A on top of that B on top of it C and on top of which D on top of which 26 That s the dog A we ve been looking after B after which we ve been looking C what we ve been looking after D we ve been taking care for 27 The use they are the waste helps to save a lot of money A made ofB made fromC making up ofD making of 28 In the dark street there wasn t a single person she could turn for help A thatB who C from whom D to whom 29 The freezing point is the temperature water changes into ice A at which B on that C when D of which 30 I don t like the way he spoke to me A what B by which C by t