外研社初一英语下知识点综合-打印版!.doc

初一英语下册重要知识点 名词、代词作宾语 He enjoys his job. 他喜爱他的工作。1、enjoy享受，喜欢+ 名词作宾语 动词ing I enjoy playing football. 我喜欢踢足球。 动词ing相关词组：enjoy oneself = have a good time 玩得愉快I am enjoying myself in the zoo.=I am having a good time in the zoo.我在动物园玩得很愉快。2、 dress +人 I dressed myself. 我自己穿衣服。 穿衣的动作 常用短语get dressed 穿衣服 Your sister is getting dressed.你的妹妹正在穿衣服。 put on +衣物 I put on my coat. 我穿上我的大衣。 wear +衣物 She is wearing a dress. 她正穿着一件连衣裙。 穿着的状态 in+衣物颜色The boy in a blue coat is my brother.穿蓝色外套的那个男孩是我弟弟。3、 a lot 很、非常=very much Thanks a lot for your help. = Thank you very much for your help. 非常感谢你的帮助。 lots of = a lot of 许多，+可数与不可数名词 There are a lot of money in my hand. = There are lots of money in my hand. 我手上有许多钱。4、 want 的用法 want sth. 想要。I want an apple. want to do sth. 想要做。I want to eat an apple. want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做。I want you to eat an apple. want sb. not to do sth. 想要某人不要做。I want you not to eat an apple.5、 get ready for 为。准备好 Are you getting ready for English text?你准备好英语测试了吗？ be ready 准备好了 Are you ready? 你准备好了吗？ be ready to do sth. 愿意乐于做某事 He is ready to help her.6、 （1） at work 在工作，中间不加the My parents are at work. 我的父母在工作。 （2） on的用法小结 接近靠近 Guilin is on the Ri Liver. 在。上 on the table 指具体的某一天 on New Years Day 关于=about She is reading on/about sports on 与某地接壤Jilin is on the north of Liaoning. （3） in on to 表示方位的区别inonto in 位于某范围之内 Shanghai is in the east of China. on 与某地接壤 Jilin is on the north of Liaoning. to 两地相离 Japan is to the east of China. （4）on + 名词 的短语on holiday 在度假 on duty 值日on fire 着火 on TV 在电视上，通过电视 on business 出差 7、 a few + 可数名词 There are a few people in the shop now. 一些、表肯定意义 现在商店里有一些人。 a little + 不可数名词 I have a little money. 我有一些钱。 few + 可数名词 There are few people in the shop now. 很少几乎没有、表否定意义 现在商店里没有人。 little + 不可数名词 I have little money. 我没有钱。 同义句转换：There are few people in the shop now. = There arent a few people in the shop now. I have little money. = I dont have a little money. 8、 buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. bring sb. sth. = bring sth. for sb. send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. Eg. I will buy my father a present. = I will buy a present for my father. Please give me a pen. = Please give a pen to me.9、 bring 带来，把人或物带到说话地点 Please bring me some water. 请带给我一些水。 take 带走，把人或物带离说话地点 Lets take the girl to the hospial. 让我们带这女孩去医院。 carry 搬，扛 Please help me carry the heavy box. 请帮我搬下这重的盒子。10、 （1）interesting 有趣的 The story is interesting. 这个故事很有趣。 interested 常用固定搭配 be(getfeelbecome) interested in 对。感兴趣 I am interested in sport news. 我对体育新闻感兴趣。（2）exciting 令人兴奋的 The film is very exciting. 这电影真令人兴奋。 excited 感到兴奋 Im so excitied to hear that. 我听到那个感到很兴奋。11、 （1）look forward to +动词ing 名词 期待做某事 I am looking forward to seeing my grandfather. 我正期待看到我的爷爷。（2）hope to do sth. 希望做某事 I hope to see you tomorrow.12、 有关到达的短语get(from).to.从。到。How do you get from Lingui to Guilin?从临桂怎么到桂林？ reach 与 get to 为及物动词 in +城市、国家等arrive 为不及物 常接介词 at+车站等He arrives ingets toreaches Beijing today. 他今天到达北京。13、 一些固定搭配 teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事 want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事14、 care for 喜欢，想要，爱好 Would you like a drink? = Would you care for a drink?15、 there be 的将来时There is going to be an English text next week. 下周将有一个英语测验。=There will be an English text next week.16、 I think you are right. 我认为你是对的。改为否定句 I dont think you are right. 18、population单数，用large或small修饰 Whats the population of 地点=How many people are there in地点句型转换：Whats the population of Guilin? = How many people are there in Guilin?The population of Guilin is (be) 6 million. 19、millon的用法 数字+million 表示多少百万 1million 5million millions of 数百万类似的词还有：hundred hundreds of thousand thousands of20、be famous as 作为。出名Jackie Chan is famous as an actor. be famous for 因为。出名 Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake. be famous to 对。来说出名 Chairman Mao is famous to every Chinese.21、be good at 擅长 +名词 She is good at English. +doing She is good at studying English. 同义词 do well in She does well in studying English. 反义词 be weak in I am weak in maths. 拓展：be good for 对。有益 Doing more exercise is good for your health.22、need的用法 作实义动词 需要 +名 I need some apple. +to do sth. I need to eat lunch. 变否定 I dont need . 作情态动词，后跟动词原形，只用于否定，疑问，条件 否定形式为neednt You neednt be afraid. Need you go now? Yes, I must. / No, I neednt. 23、英语中有关乘坐交通工具的表达 (1)by +交通工具 =介词(on,in)+修饰词(a/物主代词)+交通工具，如： by bus = in ones bus = on a bus(2)by +交通工具 = take + 修饰词(the/物主代词) + 交通工具 + to，如 He goes to work by bus. = He takes the bus to work. I go to New York by work by plane. = I take the plane to New York. 24、句型 It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多少时间 It 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式 It takes her an hour to finish the work. 她需要一小时完成这项工作。 It takes me ten minutes to get to school. 我到达学校花费10分钟的时间。 类似的句型：It is +adj. +(for sb.) + to do sth. （对某人来说）做某事是。 to do sth.是主语 To skate in winter is interesting for me.=It is interesting for me to skate in winter. 冬天滑冰对我来说很有趣。 25、be born 出生（一般用于过去式） Where were you born? 相关词组：be born in+出生地年 I was born in China2001. be born on+具体的某一天 I was born on May 22, 2001. 26、strict 严格的 be strict with 对某人要求严格 Our teacher is very strict with us. be strict in sth. 对某人要求严格 He is strict in his work. 27、like (1) V. 喜欢 +Ving I like playing baketball. (2)prep. 像 be like 像。样子（指性格） What were they like? look like 看起来像 What does he look like? He looks like his mother. 28、There are lots of things to do in the class. 不定式作定语 I have something to tell you. Have you got anything to do this evening?（1） 用adj.修饰 a beautiful girl an interesting book（2） 用to不定式修饰 lots of things to do a pen to write with a child to look after 拓展：不定式作主语 It takes sb. some time to do sth. It is +adj. +(for sb.) + to do sth. 29、with（1） 具有，带有 I have a house with a garden.（2） 和。一起 play with Mary is playing with her dog.（3） 与and 的区别 My mother and I are going shopping. I with my mother am going shopping.30、decide to do sth. = make a decision to do sth, 决定做某事 I decide to study hard. = I make a decision to study hard. 后接to do的词 want sb.to do 想要某人做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某事 would like to do sth. 想要做某事 ask sb.to do sth. 要求某人做某事31、try doing sth. 试着去做某事 She tried riding a horse. try to do sth. 尽力去做某事，结果往往不成功 He tried to give up smoking but he failed at last.后接ing 的词 likelove enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 finish doing sth. 完成做某事 be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 thank you for doing 感谢做某事32、change into.变成 Ice changed into water because of heat. change .into.把。变成。Who can change ice into water?33、die dead death 的区别 die v. 死 现在分词dying He died in 2011. dead adj. 死的 可与一段时间连用 He was dead for 1year. death n. 死亡，去世 His death shocked me.34、go away 走开、离开 Dont go away without telling me. 不要不告诉我就离开。 归纳：含有away的常见短语： run away 逃跑 The two boys ran away after they broke the window. take away 拿走，带走 Please take away your clothes. fly away 飞走 I noticed one of the birds fly away.35、at the age of “在、岁时”，后面接具体的年龄 = when sb. was year(s) old 或者 at + 数字 He began to learn English at the age of four. = He began to learn English when he was four years old. = He began to learn English at four. 他四岁开始学英语。36、marry sb. 与。结婚 Marry married John. 玛丽嫁给了约翰。 get married to 和。结婚 be married to She gotwas married to a teacher.37、join，take part in, attend 都有“参加”的意思，具体区别如下： join指参加某一组织或团体（如入党或参军），并成为其中一员。 He joined the army last year. 他去年参军了。 take part in指参加某种活动（如运动会sport、活动activity等），并在其中发挥积极作用。 Did you take part in the sports meeting? 他参加运动会了吗？ attend指出席（会议meeting）；到场；上（课）等。 Who attended the meeting? 谁出席了会议？38、snow v.下雪 n.雪 剖析：1）作动作，意为“下雪”。如：It snowed heavily last night. 昨夜下了大雪。 2）作名词，意为“雪”。如：The mountain is covered with snow. 山被雪覆盖着。 3）snowy adj. 下雪的。如：It will