2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 1 Living well 4 Section Ⅳ Grammar教案 新人教版选修7

1 sectionsection grammargrammar 动词不定式 1 教材 p2 unfortunately the doctors don t know how to make make me better but i am very outgoing and have learned to adapt adapt to my disability 2 教材 p2 even after all that no one could give my disease a name and it is difficult to know know what the future holds 3 教材 p2 i am happy to have found find many things i can do like writing and computer programming 4 教材 p2 my ambition is to work work for a firm that develops computer software when i grow up 5 教材 p2 i have a very busy life with no time to sit sit around feeling sorry for myself 动词不定式由 to 动词原形 构成 这里的 to 是不定式标志 无意义 有时可省略 其否定形式为 not 动词不定式 不定式既有名词 形容词或副词的某些语法功能 又 有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用 不定式的时态和语态 主动语态被动语态意义 一般时 to doto be done 表示动作与谓语动作 同时发生或发生在谓 语动作之后 完成时 to have doneto have been done 表示动作发生在谓语 动作之前 进行时 to be doing 表示谓语动作发生时 不定式的动作正在进 行 完成进行时 to have been doing 表示动作发生在谓语 2 动作之前且一直持续 到谓语动作发生时仍 在进行 my father has decided toto cutcut outout smoking 我父亲已经决定戒烟了 it s a great honour toto bebe invitedinvited to do the voluntary work for the disabled 被邀请为残疾人做志愿工作 我感到很荣幸 i m very sorry toto havehave keptkept you sitting around doing nothing 让你一直无所事事闲坐着我感到很抱歉 the little boy pretended toto bebe readingreading the book when his teacher entered the classroom 当他的老师走进教室时小男孩假装正在读书 不定式在句中的作用 1 不定式作主语 1 单个的不定式作主语时谓语动词用单数形式 两个或两个以上的不定式作主语时 谓语动词常用复数形式 但当它们作为一个整体时 谓语动词用单数形式 toto dodo exerciseexercise is beneficial to our health 锻炼有益于健康 toto formform a good habit of learning is important for us students 养成良好的学习习惯对我们学生来说很重要 2 若不定式结构比较复杂 往往用 it 作形式主语 真正的主语放在句子的后面 常用结构有 it is adj of for sb to do it is a an 名词 to do it takes sb some time courage patience to do it requires courage patience hard work to do 2019 全国卷 what s more it sit s necessarynecessary forfor youyou toto makemake a good rest which will provide enough energy for you 此外 你有必要好好休息 这能给你提供足够的精力 2019 全国卷 i m sure itit isis a a goodgood chancechance toto performperform your favorite music 我确信这是表演你最喜爱的音乐的一次好机会 3 itit takestakes halfhalf anan hourhour toto walkwalk from here to the school 从这里走到学校需要半小时 2 不定式作表语 不定式放在系动词后面常表示将来的动作或解释说明主语的内容 其主语常是 wish idea task purpose duty 等表示 意向 打算 计划 的词 my work is toto cleanclean the rooms for the old in the nursing house every day 我的工作是每天为敬老院的老人打扫房间 his ambition is toto setset upup schools for children of poor families 他的梦想是为贫困家庭的孩子们建立学校 3 不定式作宾语 1 动词不定式作宾语时 往往跟在某些及物动词的后面 常见的有 agree ask decide hope fail manage pretend refuse 等 i m very busy at present so i have to refuserefuse toto helphelp you 我目前太忙了 因此我不得不拒绝帮助你 the driver failedfailed toto seesee the other car in time 司机没能及时看见另一辆车 2 能接 疑问词 to do 的动词 短语 有 decide know consider forget learn remember show find out understand see wonder hear explain tell 等 he still didn t understand howhow toto operateoperate the machine 他仍然不明白如何操作这台机器 3 当不定式作宾语时 常会用 it 作形式宾语 而把不定式放到后面 可接 it 作形式 宾语的动词有 feel find make think 等 i find it very difficult toto communicatecommunicate with him in english 我发现用英语与他交流很难 4 不定式作宾语补足语 1 常跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词有 ask tell invite get advise allow want permit warn hate encourage prefer expect order wish 等 有些动词常 跟 to be 形容词 构成复合结构 如 think consider imagine prove find know suppose 等 he wants all of us toto makemake rapid progress 他希望我们大家都迅速进步 i ll leave him toto solvesolve the problem by himself 我将让他自己去解决这个问题 4 i prefer my english classes toto bebe taughttaught in both chinese and english 我希望英语课用中英文双语教学 2 在 make let have see hear watch notice feel observe listen to look at 等动词 短语 后的复合宾语中 不定式不带 to 在 help 后 不定式可以带 to 也可以不带 to 这些词在变为被动语态时 to 不能省略 someone saw him gogo upstairs following his brother 有人看见他跟在他哥哥后面上楼去了 he was seen toto gogo upstairs following his brother 他被看见跟在他哥哥后面上楼去了 5 不定式作状语 1 不定式作原因状语多用在某些表示 喜 怒 哀 乐 等的形容词后 i m very glad toto bebe invitedinvited to attend the meeting 我很高兴被邀请参加这个会议 2 不定式作目的状语时可与 so as to in order to 替换 但 so as to 一般不可置于 句首 toto knowknow something about english is one thing toto knowknow english is quite another 懂一点英语是一回事 掌握英语完全是另一回事 3 结果状语常表示意想不到的结果 常用 only to do i went to see him onlyonly toto learnlearn that he had left the city the night before 我去看他 却得知他已经在前夜离开了这个城市 熟记固定结构 be adj to do sth as far as i m concerned he isis veryvery easyeasy toto getget alongalong withwith 就我个人而言 他很容易相处 6 不定式作定语 1 动词不定式常常放在抽象名词 attempt ability courage chance desire determination decision effort plan way 或不定代词 something nothing 等后面作后置定语 如果其逻辑主语是句子的主语 不定式用主动式 we must have the courage toto faceface the challenge 我们必须有勇气面对挑战 we are invited to a party toto bebe heldheld in our club next friday 我们被邀请参加下周五在我们俱乐部举办的派对 5 in college there are so many good chances toto meetmeet your expectations 在大学里 有很多机会满足你的期望 2 用来修饰被序数词 最高级或 no all any 等限定的中心词 且与中心词为主动 关系 they are always the first toto bearbear hardships the last toto enjoyenjoy comforts 他们总是吃苦在前 享乐在后 不定式与被修饰的词有动宾关系 且句中有该不定式的逻辑主语时 该不定式通常用 主动形式表示被动意义 如果这个不定式是不及物动词 其后应加上适当的介词 the manager is particular about the paper toto writewrite onon 经理对写字的纸很挑剔 单句语法填空 1 it is important to know know the body language of the country you will visit to avoid misunderstanding 2 it s no use complaining complain and you should take action to avoid greater loss 3 one of his ambitions when he was young was to become become a famous lawyer 4 having handled handle the urgent task he decided to take a holiday with his parents 5 you were silly to have left leave your new bike outside without locking it last night 6 the manager asked robert to take take charge of the big project though he was not experienced 7 when you go to a foreign country you will spend some time recovering recover from culture shock 8 the great inventor made it possible for everyone to use use the new technology not just universities and the army 9 to see see is to believe i won t believe it until i see it with my own eyes 10 my decision is to set set up my own website after graduation from university 单句改错 6 1 susan was the first person in our office to thinking of the idea thinking think 2 it will be a good opportunity exchange experience 在 opportunity 后加 to 3 the boss makes them to work as long as 13 hours every day 去掉 to 4 all these worries made impossible for her to concentrate on her work 在 made 后加 it 5 mum always encourages us express our ideas and feelings bravely 在 us 后 加 to 6 robert did nothing but to play video games the whole evening 去掉 to 7 the children were asked put away all the toys they had played with 在 asked 后加 to 8 alice found it impossible for her collect so much money in such a short time 在 her 后加 to 同义句改写 1 it is time that we took measures to improve air quality it is time for us to take measures to improve air quality 2 it is said that mrs yang has finished her third book about teenagers mrs yang is said to have finished her third book about teenagers 3 bob was so frightened that he didn t say a word before so many people bob was too frightened to say a word before so many people 4 it seems that the guide is talking with some guests from the united states the guide seems to be talking with some guests from the united states 5 the workers spent more than three years completing the high speed railway it took the workers more than three years to complete the high speed railway 单句语法填空 1 2018 天津卷 i didn t mean to eat eat anything but the ice cream looked so good that i couldn t help trying try it 2 amy managed to fly fly across many countries and finally reached 7 australia 3 one of our goals is to win win the world championship in table tennis this year 4 to complete complete the report in time ann spent three days in the school library 5 2018 全国卷 you don t have to run fast or for long to see see the benefit 6 they came to the restaurant after work only to find find that it was being decorated 7 it is difficult for us to imagine imagine his accepting the decision without any consideration 8 2018 全国卷 once his message was delivered he allowed me to stay stay and watch 9 a lack of concentration seriously affects their ability to study study and thus their test results 10 do you know who is the first person to climb climb the tallest mountain in the world 11 you are silly to have told tell your secret to rose now most of the classmates know that you failed in maths 12 the final examination is drawing near so we have no choice but to focus focus on our studies 阅读理解 the sense of sound occurs when the vibrations 震动 from sounds enter our ears and cause hair cells to move back and forth the hair cells transform this movement into an electrical signal that the brain can use how well a person can hear largely depends on how complete these hair cells are once lost they won t return and this is no different for blind people so blind people can t physically hear better than others yet blind people often outperform sighted people in hearing tasks such as locating the source of sounds the reason for this becomes clear when we look beyond the sensory organs awareness occurs when the brain explains signals that our sensory organs provide different parts of the brain respond to the information arriving from different sensory organs there are different areas for processing visual and 8 sound information but when a sense like vision is lost the brain can reorganize the functions of these brain areas in blind people the visual area gets a bit bored without visual information and starts to renew itself becoming more sensitive to information from the other remaining senses so blind people may have lost their vision but this leaves a larger brain capacity for processing the information from other senses how well the brain reorganizes depends on when someone loses their sight the brain can reorganize itself at any point in life but during childhood the brain is more able to adapt to change because during childhood the brain is still developing and the new organization of the brain does not have to compete with an existing one blind people will also rely more on their remaining senses to do everyday tasks which means that they train their remaining senses on a daily basis the reorganized brain together with the greater experience in using their remaining senses is considered as an important factor in blind people having an edge over sighted people in hearing and touch 解题导语 本文是一篇说明文 主要分析了盲人在听力等其他感官上表现更突出 的原因 1 what can we learn from the first paragraph a the hair cells are unable to grow back if lost b the hair cells of the disabled are less complete c our brain can control the movement of hair cells d complete hair cells contribute to better mental health a a 解析 细节理解题 根据第一段中的 once lost they won t return no different for blind people 可知 耳部毛细胞一旦消失就无法恢复了 2 people who have been blind from a very early age may a be confident in performing hearing tasks b have difficulty adapting to changes in life c be less skilled in learning than deaf adults d show a better level of reorganization in the brain d d 解析 推理判断题 根据第四段 how well the brain reorganizes depends on during childhood the brain is more able to adapt to change does not have to compete with an existing one 可推断 失去视力的时间越早 盲人脑部感官信息重 组的能力越强 9 3 what does the passage mainly talk about a the relationship between hearing and eyesight b why blind people perform better in other senses c the role of our brain in improving our adaptability d how we can improve hearing by learning from the blind b b 解析 主旨大意题 根据第二段 yet blind people often outperform sighted people in hearing tasks 和文章大意可知 本文主要分析了盲人在其他感官上表现更 突出的原因 完形填空 two days ago my three year old son and i were shopping at a grocery store at the checkout a mother didn t have enough money for her milk and cheese so the grocery store manager 1 the items from her cart and carried them away to the refrigerator section my son and i watched trying not to 2 her in fact there have been times when i didn t have enough money to buy groceries i needed but today was 3 and we had enough money i 4 to my son and told him to get the manager back with the items but he didn t 5 me just at that moment the lady left with her son and 6 groceries than she had planned i told the checkout guy to 7 me for her milk and cheese then my son and i would 8 to the parking lot and 9 her but when we 10 got there the mom and her son had left they were 11 in 60 seconds and with them went my 12 to gift these few but necessary items my son and i walked around the parking lot asking other shoppers if they had seen them no one had we were too late i felt 13 for not speaking up and telling her what i wanted to do for her 14 i kept thinking about my 15 because i didn t want to make her uncomfortable and didn t want to cause 16 and because i was worried about my future grocery trips it s my decision that 17 a necessary kindness even though i didn t believe any of them 18 them slowed me down so i ask myself and you my dear friends 19 we allow our minds to slow our 20 towards love and kindness is it still an act of kindness 解题导语 本文是一篇记叙文 作者和儿子在商店偶遇一位带着小孩的母亲 她 没有足够的钱支付所需的东西 作者本想帮助她 却因一时犹豫错失了机会 作者感到自 10 责并陷入了深思 1 a kept b removed c preventedd lifted b b 解析 根据上文 这位母亲的钱不够支付牛奶和奶酪 因此商店经理把这些商品从 她的购物车里拿了出来 removed 符合语境 2 a annoyb embarrass c disturbd worry b b 解析 根据语境可知 作者和她的儿子看着发生的这一幕 他们尽量不让这位母亲 感到 尴尬 3 a luckyb busy c differentd cold c c 解析 根据语境可知 作者想起自己曾经也有好几次因钱不够而买不了东西 但是 今天 不同 他们有足够的钱 4 a criedb shouted c whisperedd reacted c c 解析 根据上文可知 作者担心自己主动提出帮忙会让对方尴尬 故此时作者和儿 子讲话时应是 低声说 5 a understandb forgive c believed mention a a 解析 作者想让儿子请经理把拿走的商品拿回来 以帮那位女士买单 但儿子没 明白 她的意思 6 a heavierb smaller c mored fewer d d 解析 那位母亲钱不够 所以只能拿着比自己原计划 少 的商品离开 fewer 符 合语境 7 a askb offer c payd charge d d 解析 作者要替那位母亲买下牛奶和奶酪 故让收银员向她收费 charge sb for sth 意为 因为某物向某人要价 8 a rideb run c pointd walk b b 解析 根据语境可知 作者在买完单后 便 跑 去停车场找那位母亲 9 a thankb catch c helpd accompany 11 b b 解析 那位母亲已经离开了 作者和她的儿子去 追赶 那位母亲 10 a tiredlyb gladly c hurriedlyd nervously c c 解析 他们 匆忙地 赶到停车场 11 a goneb missed c foundd teased a a 解析 根据下文可知 作者并未找到那对母子 他们已经 走了 12 a aimb challenge c desired chance d d 解析 此处作者是说那对母子走了 同样带走的还有作者想要把东西送给他们的 机会 13 a relaxedb terrible c calmd scared b b 解析 根据语境可知 作者没能帮助到对方 因此心情很 糟糕 14 a immediatelyb secretly c suddenlyd seriously a a 解析 作者为自己刚才没有 立刻 告诉那位母亲她想给予帮助而感到自责 15 a hesitationb situation c faultd explanation a a 解析 根据冒号后面的内容可知 作者在反思自己 犹豫 的原因 16 a panicb danger c troubled damage c c 解析 此处描写作者犹豫的其中一个原因是怕惹麻烦 故选 trouble 17 a held outb held on c held downd held back d d 解析 根据语境可知 作者认为正是自己的一个决定使自己失去了行善的机会 hold back 意为 阻止 抑制 18 a rememberingb searching c processingd ignoring c c 解析 尽管作者并不认可上文说的那些情况 但思考和处理这些事延缓了她的行动 processing 符合语境 19 a if b unless c becaused although a a 解析 作者反思 如果我们的大脑使我们放慢了为爱和善良而行动的速度 这种行 12 为还能称之为一种善举吗 20 a thoughtb sound c heartd action d d 解析 此处指我们善良的行动 action 符合语境 语法填空 depending on where you live in australia public transport might include buses trains trams light rail systems or ferries as for most 1 form of public transport people can purchase 2 one way or return ticket for a single journey there are weekly m