医学英语第三讲..ppt

第二讲 医学论文摘要的分类与要求 论文摘要的作用Function Thefunctionoftheabstractofascientificpaperistoprovideanoverviewofthepapersothatthereadersknowthemainstoryandafewessentialdetailsofyourworkwithoutreadingthewholetextofthepaper Theabstractshouldmakesensebothwhenreadaloneandwhenreadwiththepaper URMSMJ 摘要分类AbstractClassification 通报性或指示性摘要 indicativeabstract 通报论文主题 不介绍研究的材料 方法和结果 一般用现在时表述 如 Freetransferoftwoundamagedfingersfromanon replantableleftarmtoamutilated 断肢的 righthandina16 month oldboyisreported 报道性或资料性摘要 informativeabstract 告诉读者研究的总体情况 使他们了解研究的背景 background 目的 purpose 材料 materials 方法 methods 结果 results 结论 conclusion 以及存在的问题 problems 资料性摘要分类ClassificationofInformativeAbstracts 非结构式 non structured 或传统型结构式 structured 全结构式 full structured 半结构式 semi structured 非结构式摘要Non structuredAbstracts p 105Parenteralntnutrition inducedgallbladderdisease AreasonforearlycholecystectomyPatientswhoreceivelong termparenteral 不经胃肠的 nutritionhaveanincreasedincidenceofbothcalculousandacalculouscholecystitis 研究背景 InanattempttoestablishguidelinesforclinicalmanagementofpatientswithTPN inducedgallbladderdisease wereviewedtherecordsof35patientswhounderwentcholecytectomyforthisproblemfrom2000to2002attheUCLAMedicalCenter 目的 Themeanageofthe23adultsand12childrenwhohadcholecystectomywas29 1years Fortypercentofthesepatientsrequiredemergencycholecystecotmy 材料和方法 Theoveralloperativemorbiditywas54percent andthehospitalmortalitywas11percent Significantfactorscontributingtothishighrateofcomplicationsincludedadelayindiagnosis especiallyintheyoungchildren andincreasedoperativedifficultyduetoextensiveadhesionsandintraoperativehemorrhage 结果 Ouranalysissuggeststhatpatientsreceivinglong termTPNshouldhaveaprogramofultrasoundsurveillanceforgallbladderformation electivecholecystectomywhenstonesfirstappear andconsiderationofcholecystectomyatthetimeoflaparotomyperformedforotherreasons 结论 WhetherTPN inducedgallstonescanbepreventedthroughdailystimulatedgallbladderemptyingawaitsresultsoffuturestudies 前瞻性说明 全结构式摘要的八要素EightElements p 106 目的 Objective 论文要解决的问题设计 Design 研究的基本设计 包括的研究性质地点 Setting 进行研究的地点和研究机构的等级对象 Patients participantsorsubjects 参加并完成研究的病人或受试者的性质 数量及挑选方法处理 Interventions 确切的治疗或处理方法主要测定项目 Mainoutcomemeasures 为评定研究结果而进行的主要测定项目结果 Results 主要客观结果结论 Conclusion 主要结论 包括直接临床应用意义 半结构式摘要 四要素摘要 Semi structuredAbstracts p 107 Purpose Autopsystudieshaveshownthatpregnancyresultsinphysiologicpituitary 垂体的 enlargement Weusedmagneticresonanceimaging MRI tocorroboratethesefindingsinvivo 背景 目的 PatientsandMethods Basedongestationalage 32normalprimigravid 初产的 patientsweredividedintothreegroups GroupI n 11 lessthan12gestationalweeks GroupII n 10 13to26gestationalweeks andGroupII n 11 27gestationalweeksormore Thepituitarydimensionsandvolumesinthesegroupswerecomparedwiththosein20healthynulliparous 未经产的 women controlgroup Results MRImeasurementsshowedasignificantincreaseinpituitaryvolumeinGroupI IIandIIIwhencomparedwiththecontrolgroup p0 05 Attheendofpregnancy thehypothysishadincreased2 6mminvertical anteroposterior andtransversedimensions withoverallincreaseof136percentwhencomparedwiththatofthecontrolgroup Conclusion Baselinemeasurementofthenormalenlargementofthepituitaryglandthatoccursduringpregnancycouldproveusefulwhenevaluatingpregnantpatientswithsuspectedpituitarytumorsorlymphocytichypothysitis 摘要中时态的应用UseofTense 目的部分 背景介绍 一般现在时或现在完成时目的说明 一般现在时 现在完成时 或一般过去时材料 方法和结果部分 除指示性说明外 一律用一般过去时过去完成时只用于说明研究前的情况或研究中某一点时间之前发生的情况结论部分 现在时 普遍适用的结论过去时 适用于本研究条件 实例分析1ExampleAnalysis1 笑气吸入分娩镇痛的临床观察与护理 南京军区福州总医院 目的观察分娩时笑气吸入后镇痛效果及其应用的护理 方法将2000年10月至2001年10月拟阴道分娩的初产妇120例随机分为两组 即观察组 笑气组 和对照组 比较两组分娩的镇痛效果和产程进展 结果观察组产妇组分娩时疼痛明显减轻 个别产妇有轻度副反应 但停止吸入笑气后立即消失 结论笑气吸入用于分娩镇痛的效果好 且产程相对缩短 对母婴无明显不良影响 标题Title TheObservationofEffectionandNursingofUsingLaughingGasinLabor 问题 1 用笑气干什么 2 effection 3 读者不能从标题得到有关 笑气 的新信息 Revised Nursingobservationonanalgesiaofusinglaughinggasinhalationinlabor Acomparativestudy 目的Purpose Objective Weobservetheeffectandnursingofusinglaughinggasinlabor 问题 1 时态2 观察笑气的什么作用 3 观察你自己的护理 Revised Toobservetheanalgesicoutcomeofusinglaughinggasinhalationinlaboranddiscusstherelatednursingstrategy 方法Methods Thesevaginaldeliveryparturientsweredividedintothesectionsofobservation usinglaughinggas andcontrolbetweenOctober2000andOctober2001 问题 1 多少产妇 初产妇还是经产妇 2 笑气使用途径 剂量 时间 3 controlgroup病人的性质 有无使用止痛措施 4 分组原则是什么 Revised 120primigravidpregnantwomenundergoingvaginaldeliverybetweenOct 2000andOct 2001weredividedintotwogroups thelaughinggasgroup n andthecontrolgroup n using asmeansofanalgesiaaccordingtothepatients informedconsent Theanalgesicoutcomesofthetwogroupswerecomparedusingthe0 10PainScale 结果Results Whentheparturientsusinglaughinggasinlabor theirpaincanbereleasedobviously somehavesecondaryreactions suchasdizzinessanddrowsiness Butthesecondaryreactionscanbeabolishedonlywhenwestoppingusingthisgas问题一大堆Revised Deliverypainwasmarkedlyrelievedinthelaughinggasgroup 2versus8ofthecontrolgroup mildadversereactionssuchasdizzinessanddrowsinesswerereportedinindividualpatients buttheysoonsubsidedwiththediscontinuationoflaughinggasinhalation 结论Conclusion Laughinggascanbeusedinlabortoreleasepain andhavenobadeffecttothepartuientsandthebabies 问题 1 没有对照的结论是没有意义2 与结果部分描述有矛盾Revised Theanalgesicoutcomeoflaughinggasinhalationwasgood itshortenedthecourseoflabor andnoseriousadversereactionswereobservedinneithermothersnornewborns 实例分析2ExampleAnalysis2 讨论 以下摘要的主要问题是什么 盐酸左氧氟沙星注射液不良反应的观察与护理目的减少并控制盐酸左氧氟沙星注射液应用的不良反应 方法对917例静脉滴注盐酸左氧氟沙星注射液的病人进行观察 统计不良反应的发生例数 及其症状体征 并采取积极的治疗护理措施 结果917例患者中发生不良反应共33例 3 59 经医护人员的精心治疗与护理无一例出现严重并发症 均康复出院 结论盐酸左氧氟沙星的临床不良反应较少 但在应用过程中仍需加强药物护理 严格药物管理 定期组织学习 以保证用药安全 减少药物的不良反应 英文原稿 TheNursingandobservationoftheside effectonLevofloxacinHydrochlorideInjectionObjectiveTodecreaseandtocontroltheside effectontheapplicationoftheLevofloxacinHydrochlorideInjection MethodsObservedthe917casesofintravenousapplicationofLevofloxacinHydrochloride andcountedthenumberoftheside effectcases anditssymptomsandsigns Totheside effectcasesweadoptedpositivemedicaltreatmentandnursingcare Results33cases 3 59 ofthe917patientshavetheside effectoftheLevofloxacinHydrochloride There snoseverecomplicationinthe33casesandthepatientsallrecoveredthoughthepropertreatmentandnursingbythemedicalteam ConclusionTheside effectoftheLevofloxacinHydrochlorideisrelativelyrareintheclinicalapplication butwestillneedtoemphasizethenursingandtheadministrationofthedrugs andtoprovidestudyopportunities inordertoguaranteethesafeapplicationandtodecreasetheside effectofthemedicine RevisedVersion NursingandobservationofadversereactionsofLevofloxacinHydrochlorideInjectionObjectiveTodecreaseandcontroladversereactionsofLevofloxacinHydrochlorideInjection Methods917patientsreceivingintravenousadministrationofLevofloxacinHydrochloridewereobservedforthenumberofpatientswhohadadversereactionsandrelatedsymptomsandsigns basedonwhichappropriatemeasuresweretakenpositively ResultsOfthe917patients 33patients 3 59 complainedofadversereactionsarisingfromtheuseofLevofloxacinHydrochloride inwhomnoseriouscomplicationoccurredowingtometiculousmanagementandnursingcare ConclusionAlthoughtherearerelativelyfewadversereactionsintheuseofLevofloxacinHydrochloride specialattentionshouldstillbepaidtodrugnursing drugmanagementandregulareducationsoastoensuresafetyind