单招高三英语语法专项复习——名词

单招高三英语语法专项复习教学案 一 单招高三英语语法专项复习教学案 一 一 名词的种类 英语名词可以分为两大类 普通名词和专有名词 普通名词是某一类人 某一类事物 某种物质或抽象概念的名称 例如 happiness chair family gold 普通名词可进一步分为 1 个体名词 表示个别人或事物的名称 例如 teacher desk book car 2 集体名词 表示一群人或一些事物的总称 例如 class team people furniture 注意有许多集体名词也可以用作个体名词 但是意义稍有不同 用作集体名词的时候指的 是整体 用作个体名词的时候 指的是这个集体中的成员 My family be a big one 家庭 My family be fond of watching football games 家庭成员 3 物质名词 表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的实物 例如 air water bread paper oil 4 抽象名词 表示动作 状态 品质或其他抽象概念 多指看不见摸不着的东西 例 如 sadness safety care thought illness 而专有名词是个别的人 团体 地方 机构或事物的名称 其中实词的第一个字母必 须大写 例如 Mary the People s Republic of China Sydney Beijing Hotel 名词又可分为可数名词和不可数名词 可数名词有 数 数之分 表示可以数计 的事物的名词 个体名词和集体名词一般是 可 不可 数的 例如 a girl two girls a flower some flowers 不可数名词表示的是不可以数计的名词 一般不分单数和复 数 物质名词 抽象名词和专有名词一般是 数的 例如 coffee a cup of coffee milk a glass of milk 有少数名词既可作不可数名词 又可作可数名词 但意义有 所不同 例如 不可数名词 可数名词 paper 纸 文件 论文 报纸 experience 经验 经历 room 空间 房间 即学即练即学即练 1 Mr Li has worked in this factory for many years He has in this field A many experience B many experiences C much experience D much experiences 2 Mr Black is a famous professor He has published a lot of in many foreign magazines A paper B papers 3 There were too many people in the boat They couldn t make any for her A room B rooms 二 名词的数 数是个语法范畴 指名词的单 复数形式 一 可数名词 能用数目计算的 表示事物 人 概念的名词称为可数名词 可数名词的有单 复数形式 单数形式就是名词的原形 复数形式有两种 一种是规 则复数 另一种是不规则复数 1 规则复数形式 1 一般情况在末尾加 S desk cat bag 2 以 s x ch sh 结尾的名词一般加 box brush glass watch 3 以 辅音字母 y 结尾的名词 变 为 再加 family story country 但以 元音字母 y 结尾的名词只加 boy toy 4 以 辅音字母 O 结尾的名词通常 hero tomato potato 但少数缩略词只加 kilo piano photo 以 元音字母 O 结尾的名词只加 radio zoo 5 以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词 变 f 或 fe 为 再加 knife half wife wolf 但也有两例直接加 s roof 屋顶 belief 信仰 2 不规则复数形式 1 单词本身元音变化或加 ren 或 en tooth woman man child 2 有些词单复同形 绵羊 鹿 中国人 日本人 3 只用复数的名词 眼镜 衣服 长裤 4 有些名词单数形式表达复数意义 警察 人民 即学即练即学即练 1 Look at those child 2 I can see a standing near the door policeman 3 Do you want some for dinner potato 4 In autumn you can see a lot of on the ground leaf 5 He has two One is blue the other is yellow box 6 Two live in this building family 7 The police be searching the forest for the lost boy now 8 Can you see the over there are eating the grass in the garden A deers They B deers It C deer They D deer It 3 复合名词的复数形式 1 将其中的主体名词变复数 a daughter in law two a looker on some 2 如果没有主体名词 在词尾加 s a grow up some a go between many 中间人 3 由 man 和 woman 构成的合成词 同单同复 a man teacher five a woman doctor four 4 表示民族的名词 单 复数形式主要有以下三种情况 1 单复数形式相同 a Chinese two a Japanese four 2 词尾加一 s 构成复数 an American two a German three 3 变 man 为 men 构成复数 an Englishman five a Frenchwoman six 即学即练即学即练 1 There are four and two in the group A Japanese Germen B Japaneses Germen C Japanese Germans 2 Two would come to the village A woman doctors B women doctor C women doctors D woman doctors 3 He has three They all love him A sister in law B sister in laws C sister ins law D sisters in law 二 不可数名词 不可数名词的计数 不可数名词本身不可以计数 如果要计数的话 就得借助一些可数 名词作单位词 表达方式为 a an 或数词 名词 可数 of 名词 不可数 例 a piece of bread 这类用作单位词的可数名词可分为以下四类 1 表示个数的单位词 如 piece item article bit 等 它们几乎可以和所有的不可数名 词 进行搭配 一块肉 一张纸 一块布 一条建议 2 表示形状的单位词 如 drop grain 等 一滴血 一粒沙 3 表示容积的单位词 如 cup bottle glass 等 一杯牛奶 一瓶果汁 一杯茶 4 表示度量单位的量词 如 kilogram 公斤 kilometer 一公斤猪肉 注 请思考 这类结构的名词复数形式的 s 加在哪里 two cup of tea three bottle of juice 即学即练即学即练 1 The boys have got al r e a d y A two bread B two breads C two pieces of bread two piece of bread 2 Help yourself to some Thank you I really like it A orange B apples C cakes D snacks 三 名词的格 在句中表示名词与其他名词所有关系 所属关系 称为名词的格 名词的属格 名词有主格 宾格和所有格三种格的形式 分别用作句子的主语 宾语或介词的 宾语和表示所有关系 所有格是几种格的形式中唯一有词形变化的 分为一 s 所 有格 of 所有格和双重所有格三种 1 一 s 所有格 1 名词单数加一 s 构成所有格 主要用于有生命的名词后 coat 格林先生的大衣 food 狗粮 2 以一 s 结尾的复数名词只加 构成所有格 reading room 教师阅览室 gifts 他朋友们的礼 物 如果是复数 但不带词尾一 s 则仍然加 s People s Daily 人民日报 toys 孩子们的玩具 3 以一 s 结尾的专有名词既可加一 s 也可以加一 构成所有格 Dickens Dickens s works 狄更斯的作品 4 复合名词词尾加 s 构成所有格 a passer by s umbrella 一位路人的伞 5 并列名词根据语义而定 一件东西为两人所共有 在第二个名词后加一 s Alice and Beth s room 爱丽丝和贝思的房间 desk 丽丽和露西的课桌 如果是分属两人所有 则在每个名词后加一 s Alice s and Beth s rooms Alice s room and Beth s room 爱丽丝的房间和贝思的房间 它们是丽丽的课桌和露西的课桌 They are desks 2 of 所有格 用 of 表示所有关系 一般用于表示无生命东西的名词 但也常常用于人名或其 他表示有生命的名词 the legs of the table 桌子的腿 the magazine 杂志的封面 3 双重所有格 双重所有格 其构成的形式是 of 名词一 s 或 of 名词性物主代词 a friend of my father s 我的一个朋友 即学即练即学即练 1 He told me that would come to his birthday party A many Jack friends B many Jack s friend C Jack s many friends D many friends of Jack s 2 Do you know where the are They are looking for them A boys bags B boy s bags C boys bag D boy s bag 3 Do you know the two women over there Yes they are mothers A Tom and Jim s B Tom s and Jim s C Tom s and Jim D Tom and Jim 4 This is dorm It s very clean A Tom and Jim s B Tom s and Jim s C Tom s and Jim D Tom and Jim 巩固练习巩固练习 1 Jim s bike is more expensive than A his brother s and sister B his brother s and sister s C his brothers and sister D his brother and sister 2 Li ping tried hard to find a job in the sales department but he had no A chance B time C money D luck 3 Alice said she would be there at eight o clock but I thought she would not keep her A right B word C saying D balance 4 clothes are sold in Nanjing commercial Market A Man and child s B Men and children C Men s and children s D Men s and child s 5 Even a child knows that are made of A glass glass B glasses glasses C glasses glass D glass glasses 6 Here s my card Let s keep in A friendship B relation C connection D touch 7 Zhang Chao will go to the to buy some books this afternoon A books store B book store C book s store D books store 8 has been used to save his life A Every possible means B All possible means C Every possible mean D All the possible means 9 The homework for Monday is to write a composition about our school A five hundred word B five hundred words C five hundreds word D five hundreds words 10 I am very sorry sir But I was delayed by A some heavy traffics B heavy traffics C heavy traffic D any heavy traffic 11 In the computer times people can get a lot of from the Internet A ideas B information C photos D stories 12 My grandfather keeps a lot of on his farm A cows and sheep B cows and sheeps C cow and sheeps D cow and sheep 13 Her little brother broke a while she was washing up Luckily he didn t hurt himself A glass for wine B wine glass C glass of wine D glass wine 14 My Christmas present was given by A my father friend s B a friend of my father s C my father friend D a friend of my father 15 After standing for hours the students were glad to take rest A a few minute s B a little minutes s C a little minutes D a few minutes 16 The Queen was very rude to her They had a hard life A woman servants B women servant C woman servant D women servants 17 I knew I shouldn t accept anything from such a person but I found it difficult to turn down his A offer B suggestion C request D plan 18 Yesterday evening we had a lovely evening at A Peter and Helen s B Peter and Helen C Peter and Helens D Peter s and Helen s 19 I have three foreign classmates One is the other two are A Japanese America B Russian Germany C Canada Australia D English Frenchmen 20 Just then I found her sitting in the corner reading with in eyes A a piece of newspaper tear B newspaper tears C a newspaper tears D newspapers tear 讲解部分参考答案 讲解部分参考答案 语法点拨语法点拨 一 名词的种类 2 is are 4 可 不可 可 不可 即学即练 1 C 2 B 3 A 二 名词的数 一 可数名词 1 1 desks cats bags 2 es boxes brushes glasses watches 3 y i es families stories countries s boys toys 4 es heroes tomatoes