浙江新高考英语作文概要和续写

2016 年浙江新高考英语题型解读年浙江新高考英语题型解读 概要写作概要写作 一 一 2016 年浙江新高考年浙江新高考 考试说明考试说明 英语写作样题英语写作样题 第二节 概要写作 满分 25 分 阅读下面短文 根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要 Getting rid of dirt in the opinion of most people is a good thing However there is no thing fixed about attitudes to dirt In the early 16th century people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block o ut disease as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up t he skin and let ills in A particular danger was though to lie in public baths By 1538 the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom So did the king of England in 15 46 Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a frie ndly way Henry IV King of France was famously dirty Upon learning that a nobleman h ad taken a bath the king ordered that to avoid the attack of disease the nobleman sho uld not go out Though the belief in the merit 好处 of dirt was long lived dirt has no longer been re garded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18 century Scientifically speaking cleaning awa y dirt is good to health Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of pre venting disease Yet it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea clothes need to be whiter th an white cloths ever softer surfaces to shine Has the hate for dirt however gone too f ar Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays Many first time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt which might be responsible for the spread of diseas e On the contrary Mary Ruebush an American immunologist 免疫学家 encourages ch ildren to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system And the latter 后者 positi on is gaining some ground 原创范文 仅供参考 One possible version People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin 要点 1 For a long time in histo ry people of some European countries such as France believed that dirt protected peop le from getting ill 要点 2 However people began to change their attitudes to dirt abou t 200 years ago People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us health y 要点 3 However some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our im mune system 要点 4 范文点拨 一 要点分析 1 文章第一段就是本篇文章的主题句 亮明了总的观点 However there is nothing fix ed about attitudes to dirt 换句话说 Different people have different attitudes towards di rt 再结合下文谈到的主题可知 Different people have different attitudes towards dirt on th e skin 范文中的要点 1 People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin 概括非常精 炼 2 第二段主要谈到了在 16 世纪 人们认为 dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease 尤以英 法两国的贵族为代表 结合第三段第一句 Though the belief in the meri t of dirt was long lived dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since 1 8 century 可知 直到 18 世纪之前 人们都认为 dirt 是很 友好的 有助于预防疾病 范 文中的要点 2 For a long time in history people of some European countries such as Fra nce believed that dirt protected people from getting ill 很好地总结了这些要点 3 第三段用 Though 引出人们对 dirt 观点的转变 since the 18th century Scientificall y speaking cleaning away dirt is good to health 再结合本段最后一部分 Advertisements r epeatedly sell the idea 可得出要点 3 However people began to change their attitudes t o dirt about 200 years ago People have been told that washing dirt off our body can kee p us healthy 4 文章最后一段第一句指出 现在人们对于 dirt 的态度还是有所不同 On the contrar y 引出专家的观点 一位免疫学家认为 dirt 有助于增强免疫系统 这一观点获得了一些支 持 范文中的要点 4 However some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may he lp our immune system 表达很恰切 二 要点连接 文章概要 在写完了要点之后 下一步的工作就是要把这些要点用适当的连接词进行连 接 使上下句之间具有连贯性 本篇文章整篇结构是总分的结构 要点 2 和要点 3 在观点 上截然相反 因此 之间需要表示转折的连接词 范文用了 However 恰到好处 要点 3 和 要点 4 在观点上又存在不同 因此 还是用表转折的连接词 However 不过小编认为 此 处用 Nevertheless 可以避免三句话内出现两次 However 三 关键词汇 第一段 fixed 确定的 不变的 第二段 means 手段 方法 block out 挡住 op en up 打开 upon 之后 立即 第三段 long lived 长期存在的 sell the idea 说 服某人接收某个观点 第四段 warn sb off 警告某人不要靠近 position 观点 gain som e ground 取得优势 以上这些关键词对于整篇文章的理解与转化成自己的语言都很关键 如果不能准确领会 其用意 语篇理解的效果会大打折扣 所以 概要写作的基础是理解语篇 而读懂语篇的 基础是词汇 尤其是对关键词汇的掌握与运用 在此基础上 综合运用语法与句法结构 按照行文逻辑组织语言 形成概要 二 题型解读二 题型解读 1 题型介绍题型介绍 选材特点选材特点 1 所需阅读的短文词数在 350 以内 2 所选材料体裁没有限制 以说明文 议论文和记叙文为主 评分参考评分参考 阅卷时主要考虑以下内容 1 对原文要点的理解和呈现情况 2 应用语法结构和词汇的准确性 3 上下文的连贯性 4 对各要点表达的独立性情况 注意 注意 理解准确 涵盖全部要求 完全使用自己的语言 准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇 得分相应比较高 相反 如果概要写作部分出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象 得分档次 将会大大降低 所写内容与所提供内容无关不得分 2 考查能力考查能力 概要写作 简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括 写出文章的中心大意 也可称之为摘 要 写概要时 读者要是把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来 而不 是抄袭文章的原句 更不是把细节性信息作为中心 而是要通过对文章中的单词 词组和 句子进行合理转换 对文章的具体信息进行概括 再用合适的语言表述出来 这一题型主 要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力 同时考查学生用简洁的语言 概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力 因此 概要写作是基于阅读理 解和书面表达 是二者的有机结合体 是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁 3 写作步骤写作步骤 1 细读原文 首先要仔细阅读短文 掌握文章主旨和结构 明确各段的大意 2 弄清要求 新高考的概要写作是写全文概要 不是写某一部分的概要 或者就某些问题 写出要点 3 列出原文要点 分析原文的内容和结构 将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序 在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分 4 在写作时要特别注意下面几点 1 概要应包括原文中的主要事实 略去不必要的细节 2 安排好篇幅的比例 概要应同原文保持协调 即用较多的文字写重要内容 用较少的 文字写次要内容 3 注意要点之间的衔接 要用适当的关联词语贯通全文 切忌只简单地写出一些互不相 干的句子 但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语 以免显得生硬 4 不排斥用原文的某些词句 但不要照搬原文的句子 如果不能完全用自己的话语表达 至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换 如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好 5 计算词数 看是否符合规定的词数要求 4 备考建议备考建议 概要写作 其实我们考生并不陌生 在日常的英语教学中 教师经常让学生就所学英语 课文逐段概括段落大意或者复述课文 这在一定程度上都为概要写作打基础 除此之外 作为考生 还要注意以下几点 1 积累常见的同义短语和句型转换 掌握并运用单词 短语和句型 巧妇难为无米之 炊 即使有再好的写作技巧 如果没有相应的基础词汇和句法知识 也很难写出概要写作 的上乘之作 因此 考生要在基础词汇和句法知识上下功夫 以不变应万变 2 进行适度地专题练习 有计划地进行适度练习有利于考生快速掌握概要写作的要点 找到概要写作的感觉 冲破对概要写作的不适感 平时可多关注往年的高考阅读文章 进行结构分析和主旨概括训练 可按文体和题材 分类训练篇章结构的布局 增强对文章 上下文连贯性的把握 概要写作首先要掌握各种文体的写作特点和框架 如 记叙文 what who when where why how 议论文 opinion idea argument supporting ideas reasons 说明文 phenomenon problem reason solution cause and effect introduction of an object how it is made how it is used how it may change what makes it new or signi ficant 新闻 a focus on the first paragraph and the first and last sentences of the other paragr aphs 综合以上分析可知 新高考更加重视考查考生高中阶段英语基本技能的掌握情况 也注 意考查考生进入高等学校继续学习的潜能 目标是利用高考命题的导向功能推动新课程的 课堂教学改革 2016 年浙江新高考英语题型解读年浙江新高考英语题型解读 读后续写读后续写 第二节 读后续写 满分 25 分 阅读下面短文 根据所给情节进行续写 使之构成一个完整的故事 A funny thing happened to Arthur when he was on the way to work one day As he w alked along Park Avenue near the First National Bank he heard the sound of someone tr ying to start a car He tried again and again but couldn t get the car moving Arthur turne d and looked inside at the face of a young man who looked worried Arthur stopped and asked It looks like you ve got a problem Arthur said I m afraid so I m in a big hurry and I can t start my car Is there something I can do to help Arthur asked The young man looked at the tw o suit cases in the back seat and then said Thanks If you re sure it wouldn t be too mu ch trouble you could help me get these suitcases into a taxi No trouble at all I d be glad to help The young man got out and took one of the suitcases from the back seat After placin g it on the ground he turned to get the other one Just as Arthur picked up the first suitc ase and started walking he heard the long loud noise of an alarm It was from the bank There had been a robbery 抢劫 Park Avenue had been quiet a moment before Now the air was filled with the sound o f the alarm and the shouts of people running from all directions Cars stopped and the pa ssengers joined the crowd in front of the bank People asked each other What happene d But everyone had a different answer Arthur still carrying the suitcase turned to look at the bank and walked right into the young woman in front of him She looked at the suitcase and then at him Arthur was surprised Why is she looking at me like that He thought The suitcase She thinks I m the bank thief Arthur looked around at the crowd of people He became frightened and without anot her thought he started to run 注意 1 所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右 2 应使用 5 个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语 3 续写部分分为两段 每段的开头语已为你写好 4 续写完成后 请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语 Paragraph 1 As he was running Arthur heard the young man shouting behind Stop stop Paragraph 2 The taxi stopped in front of the Police Station and Arthur 原创范文 仅供参考 One possible version As he was running Arthur heard the young man shouting behind Stop stop And al so at the moment Arthur suddenly realized that the young man might be the bank robbe r So Arthur didn t stop but continued to run until he saw a taxi He stopped it jumped i n with the suitcase and said to the driver Go to the police station please The man sho uting behind is the bank thief The taxi raced away like the wind The taxi stopped in front of the Police Station and Arthur told the police what had hap pened Obviously the police had already learned about the robbery They opened the sui tcase and there was a large sum of money inside as Arthur had expected Then the polic e asked Arthur to describe the young man and the other suitcase Later with the informa tion the police caught the robber The police and the bank both thanked Arthur a lot W ords 153 Another possible version As he was running Arthur heard the young man shouting behind Stop stop Thinkin g of the way the young man had behaved he realized the young man might be the bank robber So Arthur ran faster and stopped a taxi The moment he got into the taxi he told the driver the man shouting behind was the bank thief and asked him to drive to the nea rest police station The driver followed what Arthur said and drove away The taxi stopped in front of the Police Station and Arthur thanked the driver and direct ly went in Just as Arthur was describing what had happened near the bank on the Park Avenue and reported the young man to the police he heard a voice outside Help Help To the surprise of Arthur it was the young man He had followed Arthur in another taxi It turned out that the young man was innocent and inside the suitcases were just some c lothes Arthur felt embarrassed but the policemen thanked him anyway Words 158 范文点拨 原文所给关键词分类 地点 Park Avenue the bank 人物 The young man people the bank thief 事件 suitcases in the back seat loud noise of an alarm robbery the shouts 在续写时 除了注意原文给出的关键词 还需要注意以下线索 1 Why did the young man look worried 2 What happened But everyone had a different answer 3 Arthur became frightened and without another thought he started to run 二 题型解读二 题型解读 1 题型介绍题型介绍 选材特点选材特点 1 所需阅读的短文词数在 350 以内 2 多以记叙文故事类文章或者夹叙夹议类文章为主 故事情节有曲折 有起伏 但是 故事线索的逻辑性比较强 评分参考评分参考 阅卷时主要考虑以下内容 1 与所给短文及段落开头语的衔接程度 2 内容的丰富性和对所给关键词语的覆盖情况 3 应用语法结构和词汇的丰富性和准确性 4 上下文的连贯性 注意 注意 1 所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右 词数少于 130 的 从总分中减去 2 分 2 应使用 5 个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语 3 续写部分分为两段 每段的开头语已为你写好 4 续写完成后 请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语 2 考查能力考查能力 读后续写是一种将阅读与写作紧密结合的考查形式 旨在考查学生的综合语言运用能力 与应用文不同 故事续写除了要求学生掌握丰富的词汇和句式外 还注重学生的内容构 思和情节衔接的能力 主要聚焦在以下四个方面 一是把握短文关键信息和语言特点的能力 学生需要了解给定短文的主要内容 清楚其 关键词和语言结构的使用情况 并通过续写短文表现出来 二是语言运用的准确性和丰富性 期望学生在词汇和语言结构的使用方面准确 恰当 能够根据内容需要使用较为高级的词汇和语言结构 阅卷老师会感觉这个学生很有水平 三是对语篇结构的把控能力 考查学生对上下文逻辑关系的掌握情况 希望学生续写的 短文语句连贯 有序 四是创造性思维能力 这是对学生续写短文内容得要求 期望学生续写的短文具有较丰 富的内容 该试题具有一定的开放性 要求学生详细和生动地描述情景 态度和感情 符 合课程标准的要求和学生的能力水平 刘庆思 陈康 2016 3 续写特点续写特点 读后续写 简言之 就是阅读完一篇还未写完的文章之后 根据要求和提示把这篇文章 未写完部分补充完整 使之浑然一体 它一方面很好地考查考生对所学语言知识的实际运 用能力 而另一方面 它也培养学生的发散思维能力 根据 考试说明 该部分的规定 考生在续写文章时 要注意续写部分 与所给短文及段落开头语的衔接程度 内容的丰富 性和对所标出关键词语的应用情况 应用语法结构和词汇的丰富性和准确性 以及 上下 文的连贯性 根据这些规定 我们会发现读后续写读后续写有如下特点 1 读后续写不是随心所欲 是要在引导语 开头语 和提示词的帮助下完成续写部分 如 考试说明 样题中规定 应使用 5 个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语 10 处 这些关键词语类似于传统写作中的要点提示 如人物 地点 事件人物 地点 事件 但是不同点在于这些 关键词语并不是全用 这样考生可根据自己的理解有很大的自主权 另外 所续写部分不 能脱离各自段落的首句开头语 即 不能另起炉灶 这些开头语与传统写作中的开头语类 似 在某种程度上引导你的思路向哪方面发展 2 续写短文多以记叙文故事类文章或者夹叙夹议类文章为主 故事情节有曲折 有起 伏 但是 故事线索的逻辑性比较强 这样考生能够根据提示词语 顺着原来文章的思路 续写文章 并适当发散 3 读后续写要求读写并重 与阅读理解题一样 读后续写同样需要对本篇文章精确理 解 这样所续写部分才不至于偏离主题 就这方面而言有点类似阅读理