西方经济学词汇(中英文对照).doc

1. Microeconomics 微观经济学2. Macroeconomics 宏观经济学 3. Primary sector 第一产业 4. Secondary sector 第二产业 5. Tertiary sector 第三产业 6. Opportunity cost 机会成本7. Scarcity 稀缺8. Production possibility frontier 生产可能性边界9. Production possibility curve 生产可能性曲线10. Factors of production 生产要素 11. Demand 需求12. Demand curve 需求曲线13. Supply 供给14. Supply curve 供给曲线 15. Marginal utility边际效用 16. Total utility总效用 17. Elasticity 弹性18. Price elasticity of demand 需求的价格弹性 19. Cross elasticity of demand 需求的交叉弹性20. Income elasticity of demand 需求的收入弹性 21. Equilibrium 均衡 22. Equilibrium price 均衡价格23. Short run短期24. Long run长期 25. Consumer surplus消费者剩余 26. Producer surplus生产者剩余 27. Externalities外部性28. negative externalities 负的外部性29. positive externalities 正的外部性30. the law of diminishing marginal utility 边际效用递减规律31. budget line 预算线 32. Marginal 边际33. Marginal cost 边际成本34. Marginal revenue边际收益35. Merit goods 有益品36. Demerit goods 有害品37. public goods公共品38. quasi-public goods 准公共品39. private goods 私有品40. moral hazard 道德危险41. adverse selection 逆向选择42. Average 平均43. Average product 平均产量 44. fixed costs 固定成本 45. variable costs 可变成本46. average costs 平均成本 47. diseconomy of scale规模不经济 48. specialization 专业化 49. Cost minimization 成本最小化 50. Input投入 51. Normal profit正常利润 52. Abnormal profit超额利润 53. Productive efficiency 生产效率 54. Perfect competition完全竞争55. Monopoly垄断56. barrier to entry 进入障碍57. Product differentiation差异产品 58. Monopolistic competition 垄断竞争59. Price discrimination 价格歧视60. oligopoly 寡头61. Duopoly双寡头 62. Nash equilibrium纳什均衡 63. Game theory 博弈论64. Marginal product of labour 劳动的边际产量 65. Demand for labour 对劳动力的需求 66. Aggregate demand 总需求 67. Marginal cost of labour 劳动的边际成本 68. Elasticity of demand for labor 劳动力的需求弹性 69. Paradox of thrift 节约悖论 70. Price level 价格水平 71. Trade unions 行会，商会 72. Perfectly competitive labour market 完全竞争劳动力市场 73. Transfer earnings 转让收益 74. Gross Domestic Product 国内生产总值 75. Gross National Product 国民生产总值 76. money GDP 名义GDP77. real GDP 实际GDP78. Aggregate supply 总供给79. nominal value 名义价值80. real value 实际价值 81. Injections 注入 82. Withdrawals 漏出 83. Consumption 消费 84. budget deficit 预算赤字85. budget surplus 预算盈余86. balanced budget 均衡预算87. Keynesians 凯恩斯主义学派88. Monetarists 货币主义学派89. Savings 储蓄 90. average propensity to consume 平均消费倾向91. average propensity to save 平均储蓄倾向92. marginal propensity to consume 边际消费倾向93. marginal propensity to save 边际储蓄倾向94. Investment 投资95. government spending 政府支出96. export 出口97. import 进口98. Accelerator 加速器99. Interest 利息率100. The multiplier乘数101. Full employments完全就业 102. balance of payments 国际收支平衡表103. deficit赤字 104. surplus 盈余105. Demand side policies 需求方面政策106. Supply side policies 供给方面政策107. Reflationary policies 再膨胀政策108. Deflationary policies 通货紧缩政策109. inflation 通货膨胀110. deflation 通货紧缩111. Inflationary gap通货膨胀缺口112. Deflationary gap通货紧缩缺口113. Automatic stabilizer自动稳定器 114. Expansionary police扩张政策115. Contractionary policy紧缩政策 116. Keynesian fiscal policy凯恩斯财政政策117. fiscal policy 财政政策118. monetary policy 货币政策119. exchange policy 汇率政策120. liquidity trap 流动性陷进 121. transaction motive 交易动机122. precautionary motive 预防动机123. speculative motive 投机动机124. cost-push inflation 成本推动型的通货膨胀 125. retail price index 零售价格指数 126. redistribution of income 收入再分配 127. new classical 新古典主义 128. absolute advantage 绝对优势 129. comparative advantage相对优势 130. free trade自由贸易 131. economies of scale规模经济 132. quotas 配额 133. exchange controls外汇管