高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解九月训练（四）11.doc

湖南平江县2017高考英语阅读理解九月训练.阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。【2014江西省南昌两校高三上学期第四次联考】The American newspaper publisher Arthur Sulzberger Sr died at the age of 86.Mr Sulzberger led The New York Times for more than three decades，before passing the business to his son.He took over the paper in 1963 when it was in financial trouble，and transformed it into the heart of a multibillion dollar media empire.His family announced he had died at his home in Southampton，New York State，after a long illness.His son，Arthur Sulzberger Jr，said in a statement that his father，whom he referred to by his childhood nickname of Punch，was “one of our industrys most admired executives”“Punch，the old Marine captain who never backed down from a fight，was an absolutely fierce defender of the freedom of the press，” he said.The New York Times was bought by Mr Sulzberger Srs grandfather Adolph Ochs in 1896.During Mr Sulzbergers tenure，The New York Times won 31 Pulitzer prizes.Born in New York City,5 February 1926，Sr served in Marine Corps during World War and Korean War，joined The New York Times in 1951 after graduating from Columbia College，took over as publisher in 1963 after his brotherinlaw died suddenly，stepped down in 1997 and passed stewardship to his son，Arthur Sulzberger Jr.He oversaw a huge circulation boost at the paper，and increased its parent companys annual revenues (年收入) from $100m in 1963 to $1.7bn by the time he stepped down in 1997.He also led the paper through highlevel clashes with the political establishment.In 1971，The Times published a series of stories saying that politicians had systematically lied over the US involvement in Vietnam.The source was thousands of leaked government documents known as the Pentagon Papers.The Nixon administration demanded that the paper stop publishing the stories on grounds of national security.But the paper refused，and then won the subsequent court case by arguing that the First Amendment of the US Constitution (宪法) guaranteed free speech.The case is seen as a landmark in the history of free speech in the US.Mr Sulzberger said he read more than 7,000 pages of the Pentagon Papers before personally deciding to publish them.His family still holds a controlling stake (控股权) in The New York Times.He was a strong believer in family ownership of newspapers.He once joked：“My conclusion is simple.Nepotism works.”1When did Arthur Sulzberger Sr die?AIn 1997.BIn 2012.CIn 1963.DIn 1971.2Punch，the old Marine captain was actually_.AArthur Sulzberger JrBAdolph OchsCArthur Sutzberger Srs fatherDArthur Sulzberger Sr3Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?AArthur Sulzberger Sr took over The New York Times from his brotherinlaw.BArthur Sulzberger Jrs grandfather bought The New York Times.CArthur Sulzberger Sr resigned when The New York Times was in financial trouble.DArthur Sulzberger Jr took over The New York Times after graduating from Columbia College.4In the political case in the 1970s，Mr Sulzberger_.Afailed the case in the endBlost the controlling stake in The New York TimesCgave in to the governmentD succeeded in guarding free speech of the paper5What does the underlined word “Nepotism” probably refer to?AFriendship.BPolitics.CFamily ownershipDFreedom of speech.语篇解读本文介绍了纽约时报前总裁Arthur Sulzberger Sr的生平。1解析：考查细节理解。根据第一段第一句中的“Arthur Sulzberger Sr died at the age of 86” 和第四段第一句中的“Born in New York City,5 February 1926”可知，他出生于1926年，去世时86岁，由此可知他在2012年去世。答案：B2解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“His son，Arthur Sulzberger Jr，said in a statement that his father，whom he referred to by his childhood nickname of Punch，was one of our industrys most admired executives”可知Punch，the old Marine captain指Arthur Sulzberger Sr。答案：D3解析：考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Sr served in Marine Corps.took over as publisher in 1963 after his brotherinlaw died suddenly”可知，A项正确。B项中的“Arthur Sulzberger Jrs grandfather”错误；根据第一段最后一句可知C项错误；根据第四段可知D项错误。答案：A4解析：考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“national security.But the paper refused，and then won the subsequent court case”可知，D项符合题意。答案：D5解析：考查词义猜测。根据画线词前面的“He was a strong believer in family ownership of newspapers.”可推测，画线词指的应是family ownership。答案：C。【2014】With only fish and birds for company, Eric Erden has been rowing across the Pacific Ocean to Australia in his 23-foot-long boat since he left California on July 10, 2009.This is the first part of Erics trip around the world using only his own energy. He will row, bike, and walk without help from any motors at all. His plan includes climbing the tallest mountain on each of the six continents he visits, to honor the memory of a fellow climber.He says he is doing this to show kids that they can achieve any goal, but he also hopes to have some great adventures along the way.Storms and huge waves regularly force him in the wrong direction and even threaten to overturn his boat. “Sometimes I really feel scared,” says a somewhat embarrassed Eric. “But thats part of the journey. I knew this wouldnt be easy when I started.”Protein bars give him energy, and he boils water to heat freeze-dried meals on a one-burner stove. A sun-powered machine removes salt from ocean water so he can drink it, but when that fails he sometimes tries to collect rainwater in a bucket.Hes not bothered by any of the hardships. Eric sees the world as a laboratory where there is much to learn. And when his trip around the world takes him across land, he enjoys meeting people especially children. He has already visited several schools and shared his story.56Why is Eric making this trip?A. To learn to overcome various hardships.B. To encourage children to reach for their goal.C. To do experiments all over the world.D. To honor the memory of a fellow climber.57What does Eric plan to do on each of the six continents he will visit?A. Visit schools to share his story.B. Study the culture of the local people.C. Cycle from one end to the other.D. Climb the tallest mountain.58How does Eric mainly get drinking water?A. He boils the seawater on a stove.B. He has brought fresh water with him.C. He collects rain water in a bucket.D. He uses a special machine to make seawater fresh.59Which of the following words best describes Erics character?A. Fearless B. Intelligent.C. Determined.D. Lonely.【参考答案】5659 B D D C 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。If you were walking around a supermarket and saw a woman with a shaved head, a ring through her nose, a tattoo（纹身）design on her arm and she has a small child in her shoppingtrolley, what would your opinion be? Do you think this kind of body decoration is attractive or ugly? Different people have different ideas. The following are some examples of body decoration from around the world.In many parts ofAfrica, it is thought that an attractive girl should have really shinny skin.On Bali, a little island inIndonesia, they believe that a beautiful woman or handsome man must have perfectly straight, flat teeth. The Balinese believe that teeth with pointed edges make you look like an ugly wild animal. So when a girl or boy becomes a teenager, he or she is taken to a special person in their village who will file off teeth points to make them smooth and flat. There is no anesthetic（麻药）and this tooth filing is really painful. It is a kind of test. If you can stand it without screaming or crying too much, then you are thought ready to become an adult.InMyanmar, there is a small group of people who are called the “Papaung”. They believe that a woman can only be really beautiful if she has a long neck. I mean a VERY long neck. Now you might think that you are either born with a long or short neck and that theres nothing whatever you can do about it. But you would be wrong! At around the age of 5, a Papaung girl has heavy metal rings fitted around her neck, tightly between the chin and shoulders. Each year more rings are added and very, very slowly their weight pushes the shoulders down, in this way making the neck look longer. A Papaung woman will wear her neck rings all her life, never once taking them off.So now Im sure you will all agree that different people have different ideas about what is beautiful.26. What is mainly talked about in paragraph one?A. Womens design. B. Beautiful body decoration.C. Body decoration.D. Attractive decoration.【答案】C【解析】大意归纳题。第一段讲的是如果你在超市里见到一个剃光头，穿鼻环，胳膊上有纹身并且在购物车里推着一个小孩的女人，你会有什么看法。你认为这样的装饰是有魅力的还是丑陋的。由此可见答案选C。27. What does the underlined word “trolley” mean?A. schoolbagB. luggageC. basket D. shopping cart【答案】D【解析】词义猜测题。由在超市里和“she has a small child”可以推断出，孩子是在购物车里。28. OnBali, it is believed that _.A. a person with straight, flat teeth looks uglyB. a person with sharp teeth looks uglyC. a teenagers teeth points must be filed off with anestheticD. no one will scream or cry when having his teeth points filed off【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。由“The Balinese believe that teeth with pointed edges make you look like an ugly wild animal.”可知在巴厘岛牙齿尖的人被认为是丑陋的。29. Which of the following is NOT true?A. Many people think that a woman with a ring through nose is neither attractive nor ugly. B. Most African people think that a girl with shinny skin is beautiful.C. It is thought that a beautiful woman should have straight, flat teeth onBali.D. Some people think it beautiful that a woman has a long neck inMyanmar.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。本文并没有讲到人们对于穿鼻环的女人有什么看法，只是举这个例子来说不同的人有不同的观点。所以A得说法不正确。30. What is the best title of the passage?A. Different ideas about beautiful.B. Body Decoration. C. Who is a beautiful woman?D. What is beautiful?【答案】D【解析】标题归纳题。通过本文介绍巴厘岛和缅甸人对于美丽的不用看法以及最后的“different people have different ideas about what is beautiful.”可以总结出文章的标题是“什么是美丽？”【2014高考英语模拟题】While some scientists overlook the existence of a sixth sense for danger, a new research from Washington University in St. Louis has identified a brain area that clearly acts as an early warning system and helps us adjust our behavior to avoid dangerous situations. Our brains are better at picking up not obvious warning signs than we previously thought, said Joshua Brown, PhD, a research associate in psychology in the Feb. 18 issue of the journal Science. The findings offer exact scientific evidence for a new way to form a concept of the complex control processes taking place in and around the ACC, a brain area located near the top of the frontal lobes(耳垂) and along the walls that divide the left and right hemispheres(大脑半球). In the past, we found activity in the ACC when people had to make a difficult decision, or after they make a mistake, Brown said. But now we find that this brain area can actually learn to recognize when you might make a mistake, even before a difficult decision has to be made. So the ACC appears to act as an early warning system it learns to warn us in advance when our behavior might lead to a negative outcome, so that we can be more careful and avoid making a mistake. By providing a clearer picture of the cognitive mechanisms(认知结构) by which we self monitor and control our behavior, the study is an important step in efforts to develop more effective treatments for mental illnesses. It also provides a new way of understanding inappropriate behaviors that often accompany mental illnesses. Our results suggest how injury of the AC