国际交流英语视听说BU4.ppt

Unit 4 InsidetheBrain Book2 ThinkandDiscuss ViewingtheWorld ExploringtheTheme AnalyticalListening SharingYourIdeas Engaging FurtherListening Content Unit4InsidetheBrain ThinkandDiscuss Whatskillsdoyouneedtojuggle Whydoyouthinklearningtojugglechangesthestructureofyourbrain 3 Whatwouldyouliketoknowaboutthebrain AjugglerbalancessixbasketballsinXingQingPark Xi an China Studiesshowthatjugglingcanchangethestructureofyourbraininjustsevendays Questions ExampleAnswersInordertojuggle Ineedtohavegoodconcentration goodbalance agoodsenseofspatialrelationships andgoodhand eyecoordination Whatskillsdoyouneedtojuggle Questions Whydoyouthinklearningtojugglechangesthestructureofyourbrain ExampleAnswersLearningtojugglemakesmeuseandexercisecertainpartsofthebrain Byusingthesepartsofthebrain thenumberofneuronssendingsignalsand orthenumberofconnectionsbetweenpartsofthebraincanbeincreased Questions 3 Whatwouldyouliketoknowaboutthebrain Questions ExampleAnswers Iwouldliketoknowhowwerememberthings andhowtoimprovemymemory Iwouldliketoknowifallpeoplearebornwiththesameabilitytolearnthings Iwouldliketoknowmoreaboutmentalillness Iwouldliketoknowhowourdietandexercisehabitsaffectourbrains Unit4InsidetheBrain ExploringtheTheme Lookatthephotosandreadthecaptions Thendiscussthequestions 1 Whataresomethingsyourbrainhelpsyoudo 2 Whathappenstoyourbrainwhenyoulearnsomethingnew 3 Whatisyourhippocampus InsidetheBrain Studiesshowthatwhenwelearnsomethingnew itchangesthestructureofourbrains InsidetheBrain GlenMcNeillspendssixorsevenhoursadayridinghismotorbikethroughthestreetsofLondon Britainsohecanbecomeataxidriver Whenhefinisheshistraining hishippocampus theareaofthebrainusedformemory willbelargerthanmostadults InsidetheBrain Alaurel 月桂树 maze 迷宫 atGlendurganinCornwall England InsidetheBrain Whataresomethingsyourbrainhelpsyoudo InsidetheBrain ExampleAnswersOurbrainhelpsustolearnandrememberthings createandimaginestories makejudgementsandinferences havedifferentfeelings etc 2 Whathappenstoyourbrainwhenyoulearnsomethingnew InsidetheBrain ExampleAnswersWhenIlearnsomethingnew itchangesthestructureofmybrain forexample thehippocampusmaybecomelarger 3 Whatisyourhippocampus InsidetheBrain ExampleAnswersThehippocampusisthepartofthebrainusedformemory Unit4InsidetheBrain AnalyticalListening Listening1 documentaryn 纪录片calculatev 计算sensoryorgann 感觉器官microscopica 极小的 微小的neuronn 神经元 神经细胞sensoryneuronn 感觉神经元spinalcordn 脊髓motorneuronn 运动神经元transmitv 传送 传输pathwayn 神经通路 Animageofthehumanbrain PredictingContent Youaregoingtolistentoadocumentaryaboutthehumanbrain Withapartner discussthequestion BeforeListening Listening1 Whichofthesetopicsdoyouexpecttohearaboutinthedocumentary Check yourideas exercise learning food neurons memory intelligence A CheckingPredictions Listentothedocumentaryandcheckyourpredictions ADocumentary Listening Listening1 exercise learning food neurons memory intelligence B ListeningforMainIdeas Listenagainandcheck themainideasofthedocumentary Listening1 Yourbrainisaveryimportantandcomplexorgan Yourbraintellsyourmuscleswhattodo Yourbrainisverypowerful Youbraincansendmessagesveryquickly Yourbrainhelpsyouprotectyourpets Learningchangesyourbrain Exercisehelpsyoulearn C ListeningforDetails Readthestatements Thenlistenagainandcheck TfortrueorFforfalse Listening1 Tobecontinued 5 Exercisecanimproveyourmood 6 Exerciseproduceschemicalsthatmakeiteasiertolearn TF C ListeningforDetails Readthestatements Thenlistenagainandcheck TfortrueorFforfalse Listening1 Listening1 ExampleAnswers1 F Yourbrainweighsthreepounds 2 F Inthedocumentary itissaidthat Nocomputercancomeclosetoyourbrain sability 3 F Yourbraincontainsabout100billionneurons 4 T5 T6 T D ListeningforDetails Readthesentences Thenlistenagainandcompletethesentenceswithwhatyouhear Listening1 1 Thebrainisalsoanamazinglypowerfulorgan Itgeneratesenoughelectricitytopowera 2 Wheneveryoudream laugh think see ormove it sbecause aremovingathighspeedbetweentheseneuronsalongbillionsoftinyneuronhighways Tobecontinued lightbulb tinychemicalandelectricalsignals 3 Weknowthatlearningincreasesknowledge butstudiesshowthatwhenyoulearn youactuallychange 4 Asyoupractice yourbrainsends bikeriding messagesalongcertainpathwaysofneuronsoverandover formingnew Listening1 thestructureofyourbrain connections D ListeningforDetails Readthesentences Thenlistenagainandcompletethesentenceswithwhatyouhear A Discussion Withyourpartner discussthequestions Listening1 AfterListening 1 Whataresomeactivitiesorskillsthatweredifficultforyouatfirst butareeasyforyounow e g ridingabicycle 2 Doyouagreethatexerciseimprovesyourmood Whyorwhynot 3 Doyouthinkthatexercisehelpsyoustudyorsolveproblemsmoreeasily Whyorwhynot Listening1 ExampleAnswersAtfirst playingtheguitar understandingEnglish sewing playingvolleyball doingmathematicalcalculations drawingpictureswasdifficultforme butit seasyformenow 1 Whataresomeactivitiesorskillsthatweredifficultforyouatfirst butareeasyforyounow e g ridingabicycle Listening1 ExampleAnswer1IagreethatexerciseimprovesmymoodbecauseIfeelhappyandrelaxedafterIexercise 2 Doyouagreethatexerciseimprovesyourmood Whyorwhynot Listening1 ExampleAnswer2Idon tagreethatexerciseimprovesmymoodbecauseIfeeltiredafterIexercise anddealingwithcitytraffictogototheplacewhereIexerciseisstressful 2 Doyouagreethatexerciseimprovesyourmood Whyorwhynot Listening1 ExampleAnswer1IdothinkthatexercisehelpsmetostudyorsolveproblemsmoreeasilybecauseIwalkorridemybicycletoschoolinthemorning andIrememberinformationfrommymorningclassesbetterthanIrememberinformationfrommyafternoonclasses 3 Doyouthinkthatexercisehelpsyoustudyorsolveproblemsmoreeasily Whyorwhynot Listening1 ExampleAnswer2Idon tthinkthatexercisehelpsmetostudyorsolveproblemsmoreeasilybecauseIexercisesomeevenings andsomeeveningsIdon texercise Myhomeworkisn tanyeasieronthenightswhenIhaveexercisedearlier 3 Doyouthinkthatexercisehelpsyoustudyorsolveproblemsmoreeasily Whyorwhynot B Self Reflection Workinpairstotesthowyourbrainworks Followtheinstructionsandthenswitchroles Listening1 1 Writedowneightnumbersbetweenoneand100inanyorderacrossapieceofpaper 2 Showyourpartnerthepaperandreadthenumbersaloud 3 Takethepaperawayandaskyourpartnertorepeatthenumbers Listening1 YourAmazingBrain Youcarryaroundathree poundorganinyourheadthatcontrolseverythingyouwilleverdo Itenablesyoutothink learn create andfeelemotions andcontrolseverybreathandheartbeat thisfantasticcontrolcenterisyourbrain Itissoamazingthatafamousscientistoncecalledit themostcomplexthingwehaveyetdiscoveredinouruniverse Yourbrainworksfasterthanasupercomputer Imagineyourcatisonyourkitchencounter She sabouttostepontoahotstove Youhaveonlysecondstorespond Byusingthesignalscomingfromyoureyes yourbrainquicklycalculateswhen where andhowquicklyyouwillneedtomovetostopyourcatfromsteppingonthestove Yourbrainthentellsyourmuscleswhattodo Yourunacrossthekitchen andpickyourcatup andshe ssafe Nocomputercancomeclosetoyourbrain sabilitytoreceive process andrespondtotheenormousamountof Tobecontinued Listening1 informationcomingfromyoureyes ears andothersensoryorgans Thebrainisalsoanamazinglypowerfulorgan Itgeneratesenoughelectricitytopoweralightbulb Yourbraincontainsabout100billionmicroscopiccellscalledneurons somanyitwouldtakeyouover3 000yearstocountthemall Wheneveryoudream laugh think see ormove it sbecausetinychemicalandelectricalsignalsaremovingathighspeedbetweentheseneuronsalongbillionsoftinyneuronhighways Theactivityinyourbrainneverstops Thousandsandthousandsofmessagesaresentaroundinsideyourbraineverysecond Yourneuronscreateandsendmoremessagesthanallthephonesintheentireworld Andwhileasingleneurongeneratesonlyatinyamountofelectricity allyourneuronstogethercangenerateenoughelectricitytopoweralightbulb Tobecontinued Listening1 Yourneuronsarenotonlyabletosendlotsofmessages theyareabletosendthemveryquickly Neuronssendinformationtoyourbrainatmorethan150milesperhour Forexample imaginethatabeelandsonyourbarefoot Sensoryneuronsinyourskinsendthisinformationtoyourspinalcordandbrainataspeedofmorethan150milesperhour Yourbrainthenusesmotorneuronstotransmit orsendthemessageback throughyourspinalcord tellingyourfoottoshakethebeeoffquickly Motorneuronscantransmitthisinformationatmorethan200milesperhour Whataboutlearning Weknowthatlearningincreasesknowledge butstudiesshowthatwhenyoulearn youactuallychangethestructureofyourbrain Forexample anactivitylikeridingabikeseemsimpossibleatfirst Butsoonyoumasterit Buthowdoyoudothis Asyoupractice your Tobecontinued Listening1 brainsends bikeriding messagesalongcertainpathwaysofneuronsoverandover formingnewconnections Infact thestructureofyourbrainchangeseverytimeyoulearn aswellaswheneveryouhaveanewthoughtormemory Exercisealsohasanimpactonyourbrain Researchshowsthatexerciseactuallyhelpsmakeyousmarter Itiswell knownthatanyexercisethatmakesyourheartbeatfastersuchasjoggingorplayingsoccerisgoodforyourbodyandcanevenhelpimproveyourmood Butscientistshaverecentlylearnedthatforaperiodoftimeafteryou veexercised yourbodyproducesachemicalthatmakesiteasierforyourbraintolearn Sothenexttimeyou restucktryingtosolveahomeworkproblem gooutforabikerideorgojogging thentrytheproblemagain Youjustmightdiscoverthatyou reabletosolveit short terma 短期的long terma 长期的 Listening2 A ListeningforMainIdeas Readandlistentopartofaconversation Whataretheclassmatestalkingabout Listening2 Cathy DidyouunderstandeverythingProfessorWongsaidyesterdayaboutshort termmemory Toshi Yeah Ithinkso Cathy I mnotsurethatIdid Toshi Well here swhatIgotfromthelecture Yourshort termmemoryonlylastsafewseconds right Informationentersthebrainthroughthesenses thingswetaste touch smell andsoon andwerememberitlongenoughtofunctionnormally Tobecontinued BeforeListening Listening2 Cathy Sorry butwhatdoyoumeanby functionnormally Toshi Well forexample ifIaskyouaquestion youcanrememberthequestionlongenoughtoanswerit Cathy I mnotsurethatIdid Liz Right butyoumightnotrememberthequestiontomorrow A ListeningforMainIdeas Readandlistentopartofaconversation Whataretheclassmatestalkingabout Listening2 AnswerKeysThestudentsaretalkingaboutaprofessor slectureaboutmemory B UnderstandingVisuals Lookattheflowchartbelow Thendiscussthequestionswithapartner Listening2 TheMemoryProcess Tobecontinued Listening2 B UnderstandingVisuals Lookattheflowchartbelow Thendiscussthequestionswithapartner 1 Howdoesinformationenterthebrain Whataresomeexamples 2 Whatinformationfromshort termmemorymovestolong termmemory 3 Whataresomethingsyouhavedifficultyremembering names newvocabulary etc Listening2 B UnderstandingVisuals Lookattheflowchartbelow Thendiscussthequestionswithapartner Tobecontinued 4 Inyouropinion what sthebestwaytoremembersomethingyouwanttoremember a Repeatittoyourself b Writeitdown c Payextraattentiontoit d Other Listening2 B UnderstandingVisuals Lookattheflowchartbelow Thendiscussthequestionswithapartner 1 Howdoesinformationenterthebrain Whataresomeexamples ExampleAnswersInformationentersthebrainthroughthesenses forexample wemightseeafriend sface orhearaprofessor slecture orfeelapieceofice Listening2 2 Whatinformationfromshort termmemorymovestolong termmemory ExampleAnswersInformationthatwetrytorememberorthatthebraindecidesisimportantmovesfromshort termmemorytolong termmemory Listening2 3 Whataresomethingsyouhavedifficultyremembering names newvocabulary etc ExampleAnswersIhavedifficultyrememberingtelephonenumbers theyearinwhichsomethinghappened thenamesofplantsandtrees andwhatIdidyesterday Listening2 4 Inyouropinion what sthebestwaytoremembersomethingyouwanttoremember a Repeatittoyourself b Writeitdown c Payextraattentiontoit d Other ExampleAnswersInmyopinion thebestwaytoremembersomethingistovisualizeit makeamentalpicture thinkaboutitoranalyzeitinsomeway orconnectittosomethingIalreadyknoworfeel Listening2 Cathy DidyouunderstandeverythingProfessorWongsaidyesterdayaboutshort termmemory Toshi Yeah Ithinkso Cathy I mnotsurethatIdid Toshi Well here swhatIgotfromthelecture Yourshort termmemoryonlylastsafewseconds right Informationentersthebrainthroughthesenses thingswetaste touch smell andsoon andwerememberitlongenoughtofunctionnormally Cathy Sorry butwhatdoyoumeanby functionnormally Toshi Well forexample ifIaskyouaquestion youcanrememberthequestionlongenoughtoanswerit Liz Right butyoumightnotrememberthequestiontomorrow Listening2 Listening2 Listening AConversationBetweenStudents A ListeningforMainIdeas Listentothewholeconversation Whatdothestudentssayaboutshort termandlong termmemory Short termmemory Informationentersthebrainthroughthesenses andwerememberitforafewseconds whichislongenoughforustofunctionnormally forexample werememberaquestionlongenoughtoanswerit Listening2 Listening AConversationBetweenStudents A ListeningforMainIdeas Listentothewholeconversation Whatdothestudentssayaboutshort termandlong termmemory Long termmemory Wedecide orourbraindecides thatsomethingisimportant andweformmemoriesthatlastmuchlongerthanshort termmemories Wemayhavetofocusonsomethingorpracticeitagainandagaininordertorememberitlongterm Listening2 B ListeningforDetails Readthesentences Thenlistenagainandcompletethesentenceswithwhatyouhear 1 Tocreatealong termmemory yourbrainhasto 2 Tolearnnewinformation youhaveto 3 Tolearnhowtorideabicycle youhaveto 4 Tomemorizeinformationforanexam youhaveto and decidethatsomethingisimportant concentrate doitagainandagain concentrateontheinformationwhenyouhearitorreadit maybereviewitseveraltimes AfterListening A CriticalThinking Taketurnsaskingandansweringthequestionswithyourpartner 1 Inyourownwords what sthedifferencebetweenshort termandlong termmemory 2 Whatkindsofinformationcanyouremembereasily e g names songs directions etc foralongtime Listening2 1 Inyourownwords what sthedifferencebetweenshort termandlong termmemory ExampleAnswersShort termmemorydoesn tlastverylongatall whereaslong termmemorycanlastalifetime Inaddition wedon thavetothinkmuchorpracticesomethinginorderforittobecomeashort termmemory Butwedohavetodecidetoremembersomethingandperhapspracticeorreviewitinorderforittobecomealong termmemory Listening2 2 Whatkindsofinformationcanyouremembereasily e g names songs directions etc foralongtime ExampleAnswersIcaneasilyrememberverygoodorverybadexperiencesforalongtime Icanalsoremembersmells recipes andthelocationsofplacesinmycityquiteeasily Listening2 B Self Reflection Readthestatementsandcheck AgreeorDisagree 1 ItwaseasiertolearnsomethingnewwhenIwasyounger 2 Evenwithpractice therearesomethingsIjustcan tlearnhowtodo 3 IlearnfrommistakesmorequicklythanIlearninotherways Listening2 Tobecontinued AgreeDisagree 4 It seasierformetolearnhowtodosomethingnewifsomeoneshowsmeratherthantellsmehowtodoit 5 It seasierformetorememberinformationifIwriteitdown 6 Memorizationisakindofskillthatcanbetrained Listening2 AgreeDisagree B Self Reflection Readthestatementsandcheck AgreeorDisagree AgreeDisagree C Discussion Formagroupwithanotherpairofstudents DiscussthestatementsinexerciseB Givereasonswhyyouagreeordisagreewitheachstatement Listening2 Listening2 ExampleAnswer1IagreebecausetherewasmuchlesstorememberwhenIwasyounger Ihadn texperiencedmanythings soeverynewexperienceseemedmoreimportant 1 ItwaseasiertolearnsomethingnewwhenIwasyounger Listening2 ExampleAnswer2IdisagreebecausenowthatI molder IknowthingsIcandotoincreasethechancesthatI llremembersomething 1 ItwaseasiertolearnsomethingnewwhenIwasyounger Listening2 ExampleAnswer1IagreebecauseI vetriedtolearntoplayping pong andIdon tgetanybetteratit Ithinkmyphysicalreactionsaretooslow soI llneverbegoodatplayingping pong 2 Evenwithpractice therearesomethingsIjustcan tlearnhowtodo Listening2 ExampleAnswer2IdisagreebecauseIthinkweallhavethesamepotentialforlearning Ifonepersoncanbegoodatdrivingacar thenanotherpersoncanlearntodrivewell too 2 Evenwithpractice therearesomethingsIjustcan tlearnhowtodo Listening2 ExampleAnswer1IagreebecauseIregretmymistakes andthatmakesmefeelbad Ithinkthebraindecidestoremembernegativeexperiencessowecanavoidtheminthefuture 3 IlearnfrommistakesmorequicklythanIlearninotherways Listening2 ExampleAnswer2Idisagreebecausethebestwayformetolearnistobesuccessfulatsomething Successmakesmefeelgoodaboutmyself andsoIremembertodothingsinthesamewaythenexttime 3 IlearnfrommistakesmorequicklythanIlearninotherways Listening2 ExampleAnswer1IagreebecauseIamavisuallearner Iftheteacherdemonstratessomethinglikeascienceexperiment Icanrememberexactlywhatheorshedid evenmonthslater 4 It seasierformetolearnhowtodosomethingnewifsomeoneshowsmeratherthantellsmehowtodoit Listening2 ExampleAnswer2IdisagreebecauseIrememberthingsthatIhearlongerthanthingsthatIsee Iftheteachersayssomethinginclass Icanrememberexactlywhatheorshesaid evenmonthslater 4 It seasierformetolearnhowtodosomethingnewifsomeoneshowsmeratherthantellsmehowtodoit Listening2 ExampleAnswer1IagreebecauseifItakenotesinclass Iremembertheinformationverywell evenifIdon treviewthenoteslater Justtheactofthinkingandtakingnoteshelpsmetoremember 5 It seasierformetorememberinformationifIwriteitdown Listening2 ExampleAnswer2IdisagreebecauseifIwritesomethingdown itmeansIdon thavetorememberit IdecidethatIcanreadtheinformationlater anditdoesn tentermylong termmemory 5 It seasierformetorememberinformationifIwriteitdown Listening2 ExampleAnswer1Iagreebecausetherearetechniquesforimprovingone smemorythatcanbelearnedandpracticed Thereareevenmemorycompetitionsforpeoplewhohavedevelopedverygoodmemorizationskills 6 Memorizationisakindofskillthatcanbetrained Listening2 ExampleAnswer2Idisagreebecausesomepeoplearebornwithbettermemoriesthanotherpeople Mybrothercanrememberanythingheseesorreads andhehasn tlearnedanyspecialskills 6 Memorizationisakindofskillthatcanbetrained Cathy DidyouunderstandeverythingProfessorWongsaidyesterdayaboutshort termmemory Toshi Yeah Ithinkso Cathy I mnotsurethatIdid Toshi Well here swhatIgotfromthelecture Yourshort termmemoryonlylastsafewseconds right Informationentersthebrainthroughthesenses thingswetaste touch smell andsoon andwerememberitlongenoughtofunctionnormally Cathy Sorry butwhatdoyoumeanby functionnormally Toshi Well forexample ifIaskyouaquestion youcanrememberthequestionlongenoughtoansweri