高考英语一轮复习 阅读类演练31.doc

山东安丘市2017高考英语（一轮）阅读类演练完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意， 然后从21-40各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 It was the old ladys birthday. She got up early to be ready for the post. From the second floor flat she could see the postman when he came down the street，and a little boy，Johnnie，_1_her letters from the ground floor on the rare_2_when anything came.Today she was sure there would be something.Myra_3_forget her mothers birthday，even if she_4_wrote at other times. Of course Myra was busy，but？_5_，Enid，the daughter the old lady loved most，died two years ago. Since then Myra had been to see her mother three times，but her husband，Harold，never.The old lady was eighty today. She had put on her best dress. Perhapsperhaps Myra might come. After all，eighty was a_6_birthday，another decade lined or tolerated just as you chose to look at it._7_Myra did not come，she would send a present. The old lady was_8_of that. Two spots of colour_9_her cheeks. She was_10_like a child. She would enjoy her day!Now，she stood by the window，_11_.The postman turned round the corner on his bicycle. Her heart beat_12_.Johnnie had seen him too and ran to the gate. Then clatter (咔嗒声)，clatter up the stairs. Johnnie knocked at her door. He had got her postfour envelopes. Three were unclosed cards from old friends. The fourth was closed，in Myras writing. The old lady felt a sharp pain of_13_.There was no parcel for her！Maybe the parcel was too large to come by letter post. That was it. It would come later by parcel post. She said to herself. She must be_14_.Almost_15_she tore the envelope open._16_in the card was a piece of paper. Written on the card was a message under the printed Happy Birthday Buy yourself something nice with the_17_，Myra and Harold. The cheque moved quickly to and for in the air to the floor like a bird with a broken wing. Slowly the old lady_18_to pick it up. Her present！Her_19_present！With_20_fingers she tore it into little bits.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个80岁老人在生日来临之际对自己唯一的亲人的殷殷期盼，但她最终盼来的确是一种无言的伤痛和失望。1.A.took awayBbrought upCmoved offDset down解析根据语境可知，此句是说老人把信件从“the ground floor”拿到“the second floor”。bring up意为“拿上来”，符合语境；take away意为“拿走，带走”，move off“意为“离开，出发”，set down意为“记下，放下”，均不符合语境。答案B2A. occasionBopportunityCceremonyDanniversary解析根据语境可知，此处是指在特别的“场合”，与下文的other times作对比。occasion意为“场合”，符合语境；opportunity意为“机会”，ceremony意为“典礼，仪式”，anniversary意为“周年纪念日”，均不符合语境。答案A3A. mustntBmightntCwouldntDneednt解析根据语境可知，此处是指老人坚信女儿一定不会忘记自己的生日。表示“一定不会”时，应用wouldnt。答案C4A. occasionallyBalwaysCalmostDseldom解析根据下文可知，Myra由于工作繁忙，平常很少给妈妈写信。seldom意为“很少，不常”，符合语境；occasionally意为“偶尔，间或”，always意为“总是，一直”，almost意为“差不多，几乎”，均不符合语境。答案D5A. UnhappilyBUnfortunatelyCUnforgettablyDUnkindly解析根据常识可知，最爱的女儿Enid的离去自然是一件“不幸”的事情。unfortunately意为“不幸地”，符合语境；unhappily意为“不开心地”，unforgettably意为“令人难忘地”，unkindly意为“刻薄地，不客气地”，均不符合语境。答案B6A. casualBremoteCspecialDconventional解析根据常识可知，“人生70古来稀”，80岁生日自然尤为“特别”。special意为“特别的”，符合语境；casual意为“随便的，临时的”，remote意为“遥远的，疏远的”，conventional意为“传统的，常见的”，均不符合语境。答案C7A. Even ifBSo thatCIn caseDNow that解析句意为：即使Myra不来，她也会送一份礼物。由句意可知，前后分句之间为一种让步关系，所以应用表示让步关系的连词even if，意为“即使”。答案A8A. proudBcapableCsureDafraid解析根据下文的描述可知，老人坚信她的女儿即便不来也会送她礼物。be sure of为固定短语，意为“坚信，确信”，符合语境。答案C9A. sharpenedBweakenedCwidenedDbrightened解析根据下文中的“She would enjoy her day！”可知，此处应指老人红光满面，面露喜 色。brighten意为“使闪亮，使快乐，使露喜色”，符合语境。答案D10A. excitedBalarmedCinspiredDsatisfied解析根据语境可知，老人此时兴奋得像个孩子。excited意为“兴奋的，激动的”，符合语境。答案A11A. thinkingBimaginingCwelcomingDwatching解析根据上下文语境可知，此句是指老人久久地站在门口，期盼着礼物的到来。因此选watching最符合语境，意为“守望，眺望”。答案D12A. steadilyBwildlyCnervouslyDrandomly解析根据语境可知，此处应选wildly，该词是一种夸张的表达，旨在体现老人无法掩饰的、因迫切而慌乱激动的心情。答案B13A. discontentBlonelinessCdisappointmentDannoyance解析根据上下文语境可知，此句是指老人的心情由先前“狂乱的兴奋”跌之“沉重的失望”，是一种修辞上的对比。disappointment意为“失望，沮丧”，符合语境。答案C14A. patientBanxiousCurgentDmild解析根据语境可知，此句是指老人自我解嘲、自我安慰的一种无奈的表达，同时也暗含着一丝苦涩的期盼，所以老人告诫自己还要“耐心一点儿”。patient意为“耐心的”，符合语境。答案A15A. immediatelyBcheerfullyCangrilyDunwillingly解析根据语境可知，此句是指老人对自己期盼的“礼物”非常失望，因此不愿意打开它。unwillingly意为“不情愿地，勉强地”，符合语境；immediately意为“立刻，马上”，cheerfully意为“高高兴兴地”，angrily意为“愤怒地”，均不符合语境。答案D16A. PinnedBFoldedCLinedDRoped解析根据下文的“a piece of paper”可知，此处应选fold，意为“折叠，合拢”，表示“在卡片里折了一张纸”。答案B17A. cardBbonusCchequeDcash解析根据下文中的“The cheque moved quickly”可知，此处应选cheque，意为“支票”，符合语境。答案C18A. bentBleanedCstruggledDstretched解析综合考虑老人此时的心情和神态可知，她拾起支票的姿势应该是“弯腰”。bend意为“弯腰，弯曲”，符合语境。lean意为“倾斜，倚靠”；struggle意为“努力，挣扎”，是一个中性词汇，不能体现身体的姿势；stretch意为“伸展，延伸”，均不符合语境。答案A 19A. painfulBsadCexpensiveDlovely解析根据语境可知，此处应选lovely，表现的是一种强烈的讽刺效果，增强了语言的表现力。而painful，sad两词会使语言的色调索然无味，暗淡无光。答案D 20A. movingBtremblingCreactingDfreezing解析根据语境可知，当老人看到女儿给自己的礼物竟然是一张支票时，她感到既失望又痛心，所以应选trembling，意为“颤抖的，战栗的”，生动地表现了老人当时的心情和神态；moving意为“动人的”，reacting意为“反应的”，freezing意为“冰冻的，严寒的”，均不符合语境。答案B阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Plants cant communicate by moving or making sounds, as most animals do. Instead, plants produce volatile compounds, chemicals that easily change from a liquid to a gas. A flowers sweet smell, for example, comes from volatile compounds that the plant produces to attract insects such as bugs and bees. Plants can also detect volatile compounds produced by other plants. A tree under attack by hungry insects, for instance, may give off volatile compounds that let other trees know about the attack. In response, the other trees may send off chemicals to keep the bugs awayor even chemicals that attract the bugs natural enemies. Now scientists have created a quick way to understand what plants are saying:a chemical sensor(传感器) called an electronic nose. The“e-nose” can tell compounds that crop plants make when theyre attacked. Scientists say the e-nose could help quickly detect whether plants are being eaten by insects. But today the only way to detect such insects is to visually inspect individual plants. This is a challenging task for managers of greenhouses, enclosed gardens that can house thousands of plants. The research team worked with an e-nose that recognizes volatile compounds. Inside the device, 13 sensors chemically react with volatile compounds. Based on these interactions, the e-nose gives off electronic signals that the scientists analyze using computer software. To test the nose, the team presented it with healthy leaves from cucumber, pepper and tomato plants, all common greenhouse crops. Then the scientists collected samples of air around damaged leaves from each type of crop. These plants had been damaged by insects, or by scientists who made holes in the leaves with a hole punch(打孔器). The e-nose, it turns out, could identify healthy cucumber, peper and tomato plants based on the volatile compounds they produce. It could also identify tomato leaves that had been damaged. But even more impressive, the device could tell which type of damageby insects or with a hole punchhad been done to the tomato leaves. With some fine-tuning, a device like the e-nose could one day be used in greenhouses to quickly spot harmful bugs, the researchers say. A device like this could also be used to identify fruits that are perfectly ripe and ready to pick and eat, says Natalia Dudareva, a biochemist at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Ind. who studies smells of flowers and plants. Hopefully, scientists believe, the device could bring large benefits to greenhouse managers in the near future. 1. We learn from the text that plants communicate with each other by.A. making some soundsB. waving their leavesC. producing some chemicals D. sending out electronic signals2. What did the scientists do to find out if the e-nose worked? A. They presented it with all common crops.B. They fixed 13 sensors inside the device.C. They collected different damaged leaves.D. They made tests on damaged and healthy leaves.3. According to the writer, the most amazing thing about the e-nose is that it can.A. pick out ripe fruits B. spot the insects quicklyC. distinguish different damages to the leaves D. recognize unhealthy tomato leaves4. We can infer from the last paragraph that the e-nose.A. is unable to tell the smell of flowers B. is not yet used in greenhousesC. is designed by scientists at Purdue D. is helpful in killing harmful insects【参考答案】14、CDCB阅读理解。 Every year 2.2 million tons of oil are spilled ( 散落，溅出 ) into the ocean. Actually, this only amounts to a small percentage of the total 1.6 billion tons of oil shipped around the world each year.However, this spilled oil has terrible effects on ocean life, including the coastlines where the off washes up onto shore. Some of the largest spills in history were caused by oil tankers running into each other or by an oil tanker sailing into shallow water and hitting the bottom of the ocean. After these spills, officials try to discover who or what was at fault to help prevent similar accidents in the future. One of the worst oil spills in history occurred along the Alaskan coastline in 1989. In this accident, 42,000 tons of oil spilled from a tanker which resulted in terrible damage to this sensitive natural area. In this spill, the tankers captain, who was tired from overwork and drinking alcohol, had gone to take a rest. He gave control of the ship to the third mate. The third mate was unfamiliar with the path the ship took, and he ran the ship onto Blighe Reef. Blighe Reef is a natural underwater rock wall near the Alaskan coast. Damaged by the reef, the ship leaked oil out into the ocean. More than 1,600 kilometers of coastline were affected by the oil spill. Some scientists who studied nature in the area guessed that 580,000 birds and 5,500 otters died when the oil from the spill covered their skin. As well, smaller shellfish and other sea creatures were later eaten by seals, whales, and other animals. The most oil ever spilled was actually dumped on purpose as an act of ecological warfare. The term ecological warfare means to fight by doing harm to nature in the area under attack. In 1990, Iraq sent soldiers into Kuwait and set off the Persian Gulf War. As part of the Iraq war plan,900,000 tons of oil were let out into the Persian Gulf Way Iraq. This oil covered 1,500 square kilometers of water in the Persian Gulf. The oil also damaged 650 kilometers of the coastline of both Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. In some places, oil floating on the water was measured to be 43 centimeters thick. Water birds, water plants, and baby fish were all seriously affected by the oil. The long-term effects of this act on the food chain in the area are bound to cause problems tar into the future.1. Which cause of oil spi