俞好英论文答辩稿 (2)

The Comparative Analysis of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 英语专业 09400227 俞好英 指导教师 张晗 Abstract Mark Twain is a remarkable representative of American realistic literature in the 19th century and he is the first writer who had the literary creation Americanization and had the literary language nationalize This thesis aims to analyze the growing and maturing of the two books on the aspects of the plot and the structure the background of description the characterization and the thesis The paper can be divided into four parts In the first part a brief introduction of Mark Twain and the two books are given In the second part the similarities of the two novels on the aspects of the writing background and style are compared In the third part the growing and maturing of the two books on the aspects of arrangement of the plot the background of description the characterization and the themes are analyzed Last but not least on the basis of the above arguments it concludes that the artistic achievements of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer can t be mentioned in the same breath with The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn which obviously expresses the author s high skill and deepening on the creating and thoughts Key words Mark Twain Comparative of analysis The Adventures of Tom Sawyer The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 摘要摘要 马克吐温是十九世纪后期美国批判现实主义文学的卓越代表 是第一个将文学创作 美国化 将文 学语言民族化的作家 本文从 汤姆索亚历险记 和 哈克贝利芬历险记 的情节结构安排 背景描写 人物刻画 尤其是主题思想的深化方面的比较入手 论述马克吐温的创作与思想的发展与成熟 总的来说 这篇论文可以分为四个部分 第一部分论文介绍了作者马克吐温及这两部小说 第二部分论文主要通过写 作背景和写作风格的描写论述两部作品的相同点 第三部分论文从结构安排 背景描写 人物刻画以及思 想的深化着手 论述其作品的成熟 最后论文得出结论后者明显表现出作者在创作技巧以及思想深度上的 深化与纯熟 关键字关键字 马克吐温 比较分析 汤姆索亚历险记 哈克贝利芬历险记 1Introduction 1 1 A brief introduction of Mark Twain Mark Twain was a great writer at the end of 19th century His genuine brings him high reputation among the Americans and even the world He is regarded as one of the three true American writers by many scholars because his works truly reflect the typical American people s life the characters and their spirits have become a symbol of an independent nation Humor and satire are the outstanding characteristics in his novel creation and it is different from the traditional European literature humor with clear Mississippi area culture characteristics He likes to be close to the life to find the stories that had the most satirical meaning of them He wanted the reader could think it over after laughing thus humor would be more realistic Mark Twain experienced from free competition capitalism to monopoly capitalism He stood by the side of the advanced democracy forever He had his own particular art style and he made a great contribution to that for developing the American literature to the world s standard He fully deserved to be called Father of American Literature The third climax of the American literature came with his literary creation It is Mark Twain who began a magnificent page of the world s literature 1 2 A brief introduction of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn This part makes a brief introduction of the two books In The adventures of Tom Sawyer Tom lives with his Aunt Polly half brother Sid and Cousin Mary in the quaint town of St Petersburg just off the shore of the Mississippi River He is a mischievous boy with an active imagination who gets himself and his friends into and out of trouble The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is about a young boy Huck in search of freedom and adventure The shores of the Mississippi River provide the backdrop for the entire book 2 Two common points of the two novels 2 1 Writing backgrounds The two novels have similar writing background In the first few decades of the nineteenth century the rapid development of the American politics economy and culture led to the growing acuteness of the sectional struggle between the north and south the central issue of the struggle being over slavery 2 2Writing style These two novels are both classified as realism and romanticism in American literature Realistic writers expressed their concern for the world of experience of the commonplace and for the world of experience of the commonplace and for the familial and the low These two novels came from the real life Mark Twain s concern about the people from low class are based on the philosophy that people will have the chance to be happy if they have realistic expectations It is never possible to cut off romanticism with real life Romantic writers are worshipers of nature especially the subline aspect of a natural scene 3 Three different points of the two novels 3 1 The arrangement of the plot The book is divided into 36 chapters Nearly each chapter begins with the mischievous experience of Tom Sawyer Lacking of a powerful mainline through the entire story so the relationship between each chapter is loose The whole story is like Tom s childhood story Until the emergence of the Injun Joe s killing matter the whole novel seems have the mainline However the story back to the Tom s play for no time which the readers gradually fade away from the main line until the end of the novel the mainline is raised again The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has a clear clue through the course of the story That is to pursue the freedom The meeting between Huck and Jim on the island begins the main plot of the novel They travel on a raft down the Mississippi River Also in the process of their pursuing of freedom down the river Huck s psychological development becomes the deeper clues of the novel The Adventures of Tom Sawyer impressed readers with Tom s urchin image which made readers feel amused and enjoyable The entire novel lacks a powerful mainline On the prospective of the plot structure The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is more skillful than The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 3 2 The background description The scenes in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn extend with the rafting of Huck and Jim along the Mississippi river To show the custom of the different regions in the United States which overcomes the narrow minded where all the stories happen in the same town From the small town to the Mississippi River Jackson Island River Cabin Parker Willie Town Uncle Tom s farm all the scenes are linked by Mississippi River throughout the north and the south of American As one of the representatives of the local color writers the social outlook of Mississippi River is reflected vividly by Mark twain in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 3 3 The Characterizations 3 3 1 The main characteristics of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer In terms of characterization The Adventures of Tom Sawyer focuses on children idyllic childhood adventures Mark Twain carefully grasps children psychology and enters heart So when the novel got published he was called children psychologist He describes the novel s major character Tom Sawyer a mischievous boy with an active imagination who gets himself and his friends into and out of trouble Boys will be boys is a quote that best describes Tom Sawyer The whole describes vividly the innocent world of children so that to irony the decadent and hypocrisy of the adult world 3 3 2 The Shepherdson and Grangerford families killing matters The Adventure s of Huckleberry Finn obviously set the main character with adults In this novel on the aspects of a child the author examined and criticized the adult world The description of the Shepherdson and Grangerford families killing matter is undoubtedly a good example At the beginning of the arriving in Shepherdson Huck gave a detailed description to express its luxury and spacious which the pages up to ten The Grangerfords place looks like a palace Huck s admiration is naive but genuine and Shepherdson family is also described with courteous manners However because of the so called feud they had been a barbarian action killing with the Grangerford family 4 The maturity of themes 4 1 The comparative analysis of the Tom and Huck in civilized society Through the comparative of the two main characters we can find the deepening of the author s thoughts The two main characters have similar family background Two children s family is not complete Tom lost parents living together with Aunt Polly Huck only about thirteen years old his father is a drunk and a ruffian who disappears for months Huck himself is dirty and frequently homeless So both children are very naughty Tom is an intelligent and imaginative boy with excellent skills He is always the organizer and game inventor He fights deceives teasing the teachers He likes to dominate others and give to wild plans taken from the plots of adventure novels Undoubtedly The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is a successful literature work Huck is only a supporting role in the novel In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Twain took upside down his position with Tom Huck as the protagonist has a special intention 4 2 The comparative analysis of Huck and Jim in racism The process fleeing with Jim Huck get rid of the ideological shackles of the discrimination against blacks and decided to help Jim pursue freedom Mark Twain also expresses the idea of racial equality through the long journey Jim is a man of remarkable intelligence and compassion At first glance Jim seems to be superstitious to the point of stupid but a careful reading of the time that Huck and Jim spend on Jackson s Island reveals that Jim s superstitions conceal a deep knowledge of the nature world He has been separated from his wife and children he misses them terribly and the thought of a permanent separation motivates his act of running away from Miss Watson Jim becomes a father as well as a friend taking care of Huck He cooks for the boy and shelters him from some of the worst horrors including the sight of Pap s corps Then Huck sets off to free Jim at what ever moral or physical cost to himself He accepts the life of a black man as equal to his own By description of Huck s psychological changes Mark Twain complaints the phenomenon of American slavery and the equal status for blacks As a slave Jim is also vulnerable to whites even to a poor white child such as Huck who is a white child influenced by the phenomenon of discrimination against blacks 5Conclusion Through Mark Twain s writings he makes us realize that human beings have the ability to overcome the evils in the struggle of understanding human existence Taking pen as an expressing means he was delivering a belief in nature both in human and outside Mark Twain died in 1910 and left an uncompleted autobiography which was eventually edited by his secretary Albert Paine and published in 1924 And out of his great contribution literature Mark Twain received an honorary doctorate from the University of Oxford in 1970 He was called Lincoln of American literature Ernest Hemingway wrote All modern American literature comes from one book by Mark Twain called Huckleberry Finn If you read it you must stop where the Nigger Jim is stolen from the boys That is the real end The rest is just cheating But it s the best book we ve had All American writing comes from th