新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材修订版综合教程 Unit_Is_an_Only_Child_a_Lonely_childppt课件.ppt

Unit6Isanonlychildalonelychild StepIStepIIStepIIIStepIVStepV Doyouknowtheterms anonly singlechildsingle childfamily parentssiblingjealousy favoritismDINKsingle parentfamilydivorcedfamilyemptynestfamilyhomefortheaged one child only childcertificatecontrolthepopulationgrowth improvethepopulationqualitylatemarriageandlatechildbirth fewerandbetterbirth OneChildPolicy TheChinesegovernmentofficiallyrestrictsmarried urbancouplestohavingonlyonechild althoughitallowsexemptionsforseveralcases includingruralcouples ethnicminorities andparentswithoutanysiblingsthemselves Approximately35 9 ofChina spopulationiscurrentlysubjecttotheone childrestriction TheSpecialAdministrativeRegionsofHongKongandMacauarecompletelyexemptfromthepolicy AlsoexemptfromthislawareforeignerslivinginChina CHINA SONECHILDPOLICYChina sOneChildpolicyisapolicythattheChinesegovernmentintroducedin1979totryandsolvetheproblemofoverpopulation It smainpurposewastomakesurethatChinacouldsupportitslargepopulationwithfacilitiessuchashealthcare education housing goodjobsandmostimportantly food Theaimwastoreducepovertyandtoimproveoverallqualityoflifeforthepeople CHINA SONECHILDPOLICYThePolicyisstrictlyenforcedwiththreemainfactors Theseare Favouringdelayedmarriageanddelayedchildbirth Favouringfewerandhealthierbirths ratherthanmoreunsuccessfulones Layingdowntheruleofonechildpercouple WORLD SCHILDPOLICY当今 世界各国对本国的人口生育政策大致分为三类 第一类是实行鼓励生育人口的国家 第二类是计划生育人口的国家 第三类是既不鼓励也不限制 随其自然生育的国家 第一类国家有日本 俄罗斯和西班牙等西欧国家 这些国家经济大都比较发达 第二类国家有世界第一人口大国中国和第二人口大国印度等 第三类国家有美国以及多数发展中国家 WORLD SCHILDPOLICY联合国 全球人口增势放缓美国 人口高速度增长德国 妇产医院里就缺婴儿法国 政府补贴生育挪威 孕产期享受全额工资新加坡 孕妇享受 星级待遇 俄罗斯 死亡率是出生率的1 6倍印度 为控制人口出怪招西班牙 全社会鼓励生育韩国 出现了人口高峰期埃及 推行计划生育难墨西哥 已过生育高峰日本 人口百年连降两次马其顿 人口增长率出现停滞也门 妇女人均生育率达6 1人 Tips keepspopulationdownmoreloveandattentionfreedomgoodeducationmoreopportunitieslessfinancialburden ageingpopulationGenderimbalancespoiled littleemperors self centeredlackofindependenceLonely IfeverycoupleinChinahadtwochildren Chinawouldhavebeeninpovertynow 100 ofattention Parentswouldpayalloftheirattentiontotheonlychild Itisgoodforchild sdevelopment Freedom Maybetheolderbrotherorsisterwouldinterferewiththeyoungerbrotherorsister sdailylife single childmaybehasmorefreedom keepspopulationdown TheOneChildPolicyishavingnegativeeffectsonChina spopulationtoo Therewillsoonbe andalreadyisasignofanageingpopulationwhichwillmeanthegovernmentwillhavetoputmoremoneyontohealthcareandpensionswithfeweryoungstersaroundtocarryoutthework Bytheyear2025 thepercentageofover65sinChinacouldreach30 andinsteadofthetraditionalmethodofchildrencaringfortheirelders China selderlywillhavetobeputintosocialretirementcareastherewon tbeenoughyoungsterstosupportthem U N Projection RAPIDPROCESSOFPOPULATIONAGINGINCHINA联合国的预测 中国人口快速老龄化MuchFasterIncreaseinProportionofElderlyPersonsthaninDevelopedCountries中国老年人口占总人口的比例增长速度大大快于发达国家 Figure1 NumberofYearsItTakesfortheElderlyPopulationAged65 toIncreasefrom10 to20 65 岁老人占总人口比例从10 增加到20 的年数 ExtremelyRapidIncreaseof OldestOld Persons高龄老人增长速度更快 Figure2 Internationalcomparisonofaverageannualincreaserates ofelderlypopulations老年人口年增长率的国际比较 Childrenarebecomingfartoospoilt Parentsaretreatingtheironlychildrenlikeroyalty andobese demandingboysarebeingseenfartoooftennowandtheywillhavebigproblemswhentheyreachtheirteens Genderimbalance ThepolicyisseriouslyaffectingChina ssexratio Sincethe1980s ourratiohasbecomecompletelydisfiguredandthemaletofemaleratioisnow120 100 Somuchforkillingofbabygirlsandanincreaseinabortionrates Chinacouldhavecompletelydevastatedit sfutureastherewillsoonbeashortageinthenumberofyoungfertilewomenandthentherewillbeevenfewerbirths Whatadisaster EVALUATION Overall China sOneChildpolicyhasultimatelydonewhatitsetouttodo However itcannotbehailedasuccessastherehavealsobeensomeseriousconsequencesincludingalackoffertilewomenwithinthemiddleagegroup ariseinthenumberofunregisteredchildrenandahostofotherproblems Chinamayhavebegantocontrolit spopulation buthasitreallysolvedtheproblemofbringthecountryuptodateandcreatedabetterstandardoflivingforitspeople Areyoutheonlychildinyourfamily Howdoyoufeelaboutit StructureAnalysis MainIdea Whatkindofwritingdoesthistextbelongto Howaretheparagraphsconnected Whattransitionsareused Whatdotheymean Whatistheauthor stonelike why writingtechnique PartDivision 1 Mainidea Theme Thispieceofexpositionisconcernedwiththe ofhavingonlyonechildinafamily Thequestionof inan tone itisalways toeachsetofparentsbecauseof theyareunder oncetheydecide bothofthemshouldbe prosandcons advantagesanddisadvantages adifficultdecision thedifferentcircumstances confident whetherornottohaveasecondchildisdiscussed objective 2Tipsonwritingadiscussionessay Choiceofyourtopic Besuretohaveaccesstogoodresearchthatprovidespertinentinformation Outlineofyouressay Besuretoincludebothsidesoftheissuessurroundingthediscussionessaytopic Introduction Introducetheissuesrelatingtothetopic Provideimportantbackgroundinformation Explainimportantwordsortermsyourreadermaynotunderstand Provideyourreader whennecessary withasimpleoverviewofhowyourdiscussionessayisorganized Body Presenteachissueindividuallyandimpartially discussingfirstonesideandthentheothersideofeachargumentthatrelatestoyourtopic Startwithyourweakestargumentorissueandprogressingtothestrongest Conclusion Summarizetheoverallinformationfromthebodypart leadingthereadertomentallyreviewtheprosandconsofthetopic Technically youdon thavetobeinfavorofonesideofthediscussion Ifyouareinfavorofaside presentyourownpositionsinthispartratherthanearlierintheessay 3 Somewordsusedatthebeginningofaparagraphmakeiteasierforthereadertounderstandthecoherenceofthewholetext suchasAnotheratthebeginningofParagraph3 DespiteofParagraph4 andUnfortunatelyofParagraph7 Canyouexplainhowtheyfunction Structuralanalysis4 Textanalysis Structuralanalysis Structuralanalysis5 Despitethesearguments preparesreadersforsomethingagainsttheirexpectations i e manyparentsstillchoosetohaveonechildalthoughthedisadvantagesofdoingsohavejustbeenclearlypresented Theword Another usedatthebeginningofParagraph3impliesthatatleastoneargumenthasbeenpresentedearlier Textanalysis Structuralanalysis Structuralanalysis5 Unfortunately tellsreadersthattherefollowssomethingdisappointing i e theauthorfailstoprovideadefiniteanswertothequestionsraisedatthebeginningofthetext Textanalysis Structuralanalysis 5writingtechnique Para 2 3 5classificationpara 2 3 6contrasttheprosandconsofonechildpara 4statisticspara 5factexample 6PartDivision Introduction dilemma Disadvantagesofhavingonechild Causesofhavingonechild Advantagesofhavingonechild Conclusion nosimpleanswer Part1 Para 1 Part2 Paras 2 3 Part3 Paras 4 5 Part5 Para 7 Part4 Para 6 Theintroductiontothedilemma Advantagesofhavingonlyonechild Conclusion Disadvantagesofhavingonlyonechild Dispitethedisadvantages whydomanyparentschoosetohaveonlyonechild whetherornottohaveasecondchild Para 2 alonelychildPara 3aspoiledchild Fewerfamilyarguments morequalitytime Para 4 birthratedeclinePara 5 thepressureofdevotingtimeandenergy financialburden Nosimpleanswertothequestion DetailedReading Para 1Whatisdilemmathatmanycouplesarefacedwith Whatistheconcernthatweighsheavilyonthemindsofmanycouples Arrivinghome theboytoldhisparentsaboutallthe whichoccurredinhisdormitoryA occasionsB mattersC incidentsD issues issue A occasions specialevenlikeceremony B matters subject situationC incidents somethingthathappensD issues importanttopicorproblem issue Issue 争论的热点话题Matter 事情 物质Subject 话题 科目 主题Edition 版本Topic 广泛的话题Theme 文章的主旨 issuequestionproblemissue指意见达不到一致的问题 侧重于有待平息 settle 的分歧和争端 question指对某事物怀疑而提出的需回答 answer 的问题 problem是客观存在的等待解决 solve 的问题 issue number期数edition版数copy册数version同一作品的不同版本 dilemman asituationinwhichitisdifficulttodecidewhattodo becauseeachchoicehasitsadvantagesanddisadvantages e g Manywomenarefacedwiththedilemmaofchoosingbetweencareerandfamilycommitments 许多妇女都面临着工作和家庭之间的两难选择 Collocation beinadilemma e g I minadilemmaaboutthisjoboffer 她感到为难的是要不要把丈夫得了不治之症的真相告诉他 dilemma Thedilemmasheisfacingiswhethertotellherhusbandthetruthabouthisfataldiease demandingadj needingalotofability effort orskill e g Climbingisphysicallydemanding whilestudyingismentallydemanding Manypeopleagreethatteachingisademandingprofession theprosandconsofhavingasecondchild Explanation theprosandcons theadvantagesanddisadvantages e g Beforewemakeadecision wemustweighuptheprosandcons Afterhours discussion everybodyatthemeetingcouldseeclearlytheprosandconsoftheproposal Paraphrase theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofhavingonemorechild beconcernedabout当前 人们不仅关注要吃好 还要寻求营养平衡 Nowadays peoplearenotonlyconcernedaboutgoodfood butalsoaboutbalancednutrition 越来越多的人开始关心自然环境了 Moreandmorepeoplebegintobeconcernedaboutournaturalenvironment Ex 全世界几乎所有的政府都十分关注这个金融问题 Almostallthegovernmentsintheworldareverymuchconcernedaboutthefinacialissue concern CloseReading Howisthisparagraphorganized Howarethesentencesconnected Whatistheuseofeachsentence dilemma background explanation topic Para 2 3 Whydopeoplethinkthatanonlychildnecessarilymeansalonelychild 要不要出国进修就完全由你自己决定吧 Whethertogoabroadforfurthereducationornotisentirelyuptoyou L8 with inregardto concerningsb sth inconnectionwithsb sth 对于 在 这 那 点上e g Thecompany spositionwithregardtoovertimeismadeclearintheircontracts Ihavenothingtosaywithregardtothisrumour 对此谣言我无可奉告 至于英语教学研讨会 我建议在本周末召开 WithregardtotheseminaronEnglishteaching Isuggestthhatitshouldbeheldonthecomingweekend n amarkofshameordisgrace ashamefulfeelingorreputation许多罪犯都重建价值观 努力消除了他们的污点 stigma Manycriminalsreconstructtheirvaluesandtrytoeliminatetheirstigmas 你都三十岁了还在啃老 难道不觉得羞耻吗 Don tyouthinkitasortofstigmathatyou alreadyinyourthirties stillhavetodependonyouroldparents stigma L10 11 associate 1 v toconnectinthought memory orimagination把 与 联系起来e g Thescientistdecidedhedidn twanttobeassociatedwiththeproject andleft Shopperstendtoassociatecertainbrandnameswithhighquality 购物者往往把某些牌子和高品质联系到一起 Hestudiesproblemsassociatedwithcancertreatment 他研究与治疗癌症相关的问题 2 v tojoininarelationshipbasedonfriendship business orasharedpurpose combineasfriendsorpartners与 交往 与 合伙e g Hemayhavebeenassociatingwithcriminals Idon tlikeyouassociatingwithsuchpeople 3 n apersonconnectedwithanother esp inwork partner合伙人 工作上的 伙伴e g He snotafriend he sabusinessassociate associationn theactofassociatingorfactofbeingassociated结合 合作 联合 connectionmadeinthemindbetweendifferentthings ideas etc 联想e g Ourlongassociationwithyourcompanyhasbroughtgreatbenefits Hospitalshaveratherunpleasantassociationsforme join combine unite connect link attach couple associate relate这些动词均有 连接 结合 联合 之意 join 侧重把原来不相连接的物紧密地连接在一起 但仍可再分开 也指把分散的人或几个部分的人联合起来 或加入到某团体中去 combine 指两个或两个以上的人或物结合在一起 unite 指联合 团结 结合在一起 构成一个整体 connect 指两事物在某一点上相连接 但彼此又保持独立 link 指连环式的连接 或用接合物或其它方式连接 还可指一事物与另一事物的联系或关系 attach 指把局部连接在整体上 小的接在大的上面 活动的接在固定的上面 couple 专指连接两件东西 或把事物成对进行连接 associate 指人与人友好和平 平等地联合在一起 用于物时 指两事物因历史或其它原因 很自然被人们联系在一起 即产生联想 relate 指人与人有亲戚或婚烟关系 也指人或物之间尚存的实际或假想的联系 Manysingle childparentsfeelastigmaassociatedwiththeirdecisiontohaveonlyonechild Paraphrase Manysingle childfamilieshaveastrongsenseofshameintheirdecisiontohaveonlyonechild Translation 许多只有一个小孩的父母都为自己只生一个小孩的决定感到羞愧 L11 24 38 39 leadto tomakesth happenorexistasaresult引起 导致e g Blamingoftenleadstocompletebreakdowninfamilycommunications Thiswillleadtotroubleinthefuture Thisinvestmentprogramwillleadtothecreationofhundredsofnewjobs 这个投资计划会创造上百个新的就业机会 cf L28 resultin haveaspecifiedeffectorconsequence产生某种作用或结果e g Oureffortsresultedinsuccess Thetalksresultedinreducingthenumberofmissiles missilereduction 只要有一颗火星就能在充满煤气的房间里引起爆炸 Justasinglesparkcanleadtoanexplosioninaroomfilledwithgas Practice Detailedreading2 attimes2 1 didItellyouthatyoucouldusemycar 2 Identificationbadgesmustbeworn 3 eventhemosttalentedathleteslosetheirmotivation Atnotime atalltime Attimes Detailedreading atnotimes usedtosaystronglythatsomethingneverhappenedorshouldneverhappenatalltimes usedespeciallyinofficialnoticesorannouncementstosaywhatalwayshappensorshouldalwayshappen WhatdoesParagraph2dointheessay Howisthisparagraphorganized transition point reason L13 14 Anothercommonargumentagainsthavingjustonechildisthatanonlychildmaybemorespoiledthanonewithsiblings argument areasonorasetofreasonsputforwardspoiled treattookindly indulgedAnothercommonreasonforhavingmorethanonechildisthatanonlychildmaybeover indulgedcomparedwithonewithbrothersandsisters negotiatev discusssth inordertoreachanagreement esp inbusinessorpolitics Detailedreading3 negotiate Collocation negotiatewith e g Thegovernmentrefusestonegotiatewithterrorists Derivations negotiationn negotiableadj LanguagepointsforPara3 give and take willingnessofeachpersontosatisfyothers wishes妥协 互让 e g Give and takeisthesecretofsuccessfulfriendship 付出和给予是成功的友谊的秘密 L15 involvev 1 tocause sb oroneself tobecomeconnectedorconcerned使介入 使卷入 使加入 使涉及 involvesb oneselfinsth 使某人 自己卷入 介入某事 be getinvolvedinsth 参与 卷入 介入某事e g Don tinvolveotherpeopleinyourtrouble IfIwereyouIwouldn t theirproblems Somesenatorswereinvolvedinthescandal Somesenatorsinvolvedthemselvesinthescandal 一些参议员卷入这件丑闻 Allthechildrenwereinvolvedintheschoolplay 所有孩子都参与了学校的戏剧表演 getinvolvedin 2 tohaveasanecessarypartorresult entail包含 使成为必要部分e g Whatdoesthejobofeditinginvolve Winningthegameinvolvesbothskillandfortune Thejobinvolvestravelingabroadforthreemonthseachyear Ididn trealizethatputtingonaplayinvolvedsomuchwork Ididn trealizethatsomuchworkwasinvolvedinputtingonaplay 3 tohaveasthepeopleorthingstakingpart toinfluenceoraffect牵涉 涉及 影响到e g Theaccidentinvolvedabusandatruck Thematterisseriousbecauseitinvolvesyourreputation respectthegive and takeinvolvedinmanyrelationships Paraphrase realizetheimportanceofcooperationandmutualunderstandingbetweenthemselvesandotherpeopleinvarioussituations L14 16 Manypeoplebelievethatasinglechildwillnothavelearnedtonegotiatewithothers andrespectthegive and takeinvolvedinmanyrelationships negotiatewithothers discusssth withothersinordertoreachanagreementgive and take awillingnessbetweentwopeopleorgroupstounderstandeachother ortoleteachotherhaveordosomeofthethingstheywantManypeoplethinkthatasingle childwillnothavelearnedtoholddiscussionsandreachagreementswithothers andthatheorshewillnothavelearnedtobecarefulenoughnottodoanythingagainstmutualunderstandingandmutualrespectnecessaryinmanyrelationships Somethinkthismayleavethechildlesscapableofinteractingwellwithpeoplehisorherownagethanonewhohasbeenraisedwithsiblings 这句话的宾语从句中是个比较结构 比较的对象是thechildVSonewhohasbeenraisedwithsiblings 比较的内容是capableofinteractingwellwithpeople比较的结果是the only child childrenfromlargefamilies capable competent efficient qualifiedcapable强调有能力做某事 潜能 ofcompetent强调能够胜任某项工作或具有某方面的竞争力efficient有效率qualified具有参加比赛或做某事的资格 interact v e g Heinteractswellwithotherchildrenintheclass e g Socialandeconomicfactorsareinteractingtoproducearecession 1 people talktoeachotherandunderstandeachother 2 things haveaneffectoneachotherandworktogetherinteraction n interactive adj L16 17 Somethinkthismayleavethechildlesscapableofinteractingwellwithpeoplehisorherownagethanonewhohasbeenraisedwithsiblings leave causesb sth toremaininacertaincondition rendercapable havingtheabilityneededtodosth abletodothingswellinteractwithsb acttogetherorcooperatively esp soastocommunicatewitheachotherSomepeoplebelievethathavingonlyonechildwillprobablyrenderthechildlessabletotalktoorassociatewithhisorherpeersthanachildthathasbeenbroughtupwithbrothersand orsisters Somepeoplebelievethathavingonlyonechildwillprobablyrenderthechildlessabletotalktoorassociatewithhisorherpeersthanachildthathasbeenbroutupwithbrothersorsisters WhatdoesParagraph3do Howisitorganized point result furtherresult Paras4 5 AgingSocietyRisingHealthcareRisingRetirementPensionShrinkingWorkforce Part3 DespiteDespiteoldage sheisstilllearningtodrive 尽管年事已高 她还在学开车 Despitealloureffortswestilllostthegame 尽管我们尽了全力 我们还是输掉了比赛 L22 23 decline 1 v tobecomesmaller fewer weaker etc diminish变小 减少 减弱 下降e g InregionssuchasNewEnglandtextileindustrieshaddeclinedandunemploymentwashigh 无论政府做多少努力 房价几乎没有下降 Nomatterwhateffortsthegovernmenthasmade thepriceforhousinghasbarelydeclined n gradualandcontinuouslossofstrength power numbers etc 力量 数量等的 消减e g Therehasbeenasharpdeclineinprofitsthisyear Thebirthrateisdeclining v n Sheisonthedecline andmaydiesoon 她的健康每况愈下 可能不久于人世 数据的描述数据描述的重点是掌握并且使用表示升降趋势的单词 比如 rise increase overdecline drop decrease 男性烟民的人数从1960年的21 下降到了2001年的17 和去年相比 员工的平均收入增加了50 Thenumberofmalesmokersdecreasedfrom21 in1960to17 in2001 Theaverageincomeofthestaffincreasedby50percentcomparedwithlastyear CiteThelawyercitedapreviouscasetosupporthisargument 律师引用了以前的案例来支持他的论点 Toillustratethetheoryinquestion wecancitemanyexamples 为了说明我们讨论的这一理论 我们可以举一些例子 L23 24 whilelateststatisticscitelessthanonechild cite mentionasanexampletoshow whilelateststatisticsquotedshowlessthanonechildperfamily L25 predict v tosaywhatisgoingtohappeninthefuture预言 预见e g Unemployment increaseto700 000bytheendoftheyear 经济学家预言通货膨胀率将会增长 Theeconomistspredictedanincreaseintherateofinflation ispredictedto predictionn theactofpredictingorsth predicted预言 被预言的事物e g Herpredictionturnedouttobecorrect predictablea thatcanbepredicted可预言的 可预测的e g Thesnowhadapredictableeffectontraffic Herreactiontothisispredictable antonym unpredictable WhatdoesParagraph4dointheessay Howisthisparagraphorganized point illustrationwithdata result 为了通过 托福 考试 TOEFL 他把业余时间的每分每秒全花在学习英语上了 InordertopassTOEFL hehasdevotedalmosteveryminuteofhissparetimetoEnglishstudies overwhelming adj havingsuchagreateffectonyouthatyoufeelconfusedandatalosswhattodo e g Ourfootballteamhaswonanoverwhelmingvictory 我们的足球队取得了压倒性的胜利 e g Anoverwhelmingmajorityofthememberswereagainsttheidea 2 numbers odds etc verylarge Derivation overwhelmv L27 29 Forsomesingle childparents particularlythosewithbusycareers thepressuresofdevotingtimeandenergytoasecondchildcanseemtoooverwhelming resultinginthemelectingtohavenomorechildren devotesth oneselftosb doing sth giveone stime energy etc tosb doing sth dedicateoverwhelming verygreat toogreattoresistorovercomeelecttodosth fml choosetodosth Somesingle childcouples particularlythosewithverybusycareers feelthepressuresofspendingtimeandenergyonasecondchildtooheavyt