高级英语修订本ppt课件.ppt

UnitThreeShipsintheDesert BookI TeachingObjectivesGettoknowsomeknowledgeaboutecologyandenvironmentGraspthemainideaandthethemeofthisessayLearntousesometermsandexpressionsconnectedwithecologicalenvironmentAppreciatethewritingskillsofcomparisonandcontrastII TeachingTasksPre readingquestionBackgroundknowledgeTypeofLiteratureOrganizationDetailedStudyofthetextFollow updiscussionExercisesandHomework III ImportantanddifficultpointsAnalyzingthestructureofsomelongandcomplicatedsentencesUnderstandingthescientificmattersconnectedwithecologicalenvironmentTranslatinglongandcomplicatedsentencesMasteringtherulesofwordformationIV ImportantwordsLap divert Antarctic parka glacier inexorable graph rendezvous hover hummock collide scenario billow slash noctilucent shimmer translucent methane biomass rip spectral skirmish ultraviolet equilibrium axiom depletion deforestation sober deploy leapfrog atstakeV References高级英语 修订本 第一册 张汉熙主编 王立礼编 外语教学与研究出版社 1995 6 高级英语 修订版 学习指南 第一册 张鑫友主编 湖北人民出版社 2000 8 高级英语 修订本 教师参考书 第一册 王立礼编 外语教学与研究出版社 1995 6 高级英语精读精解 姚兰 西南交通大学出版社 2004 Pre readingQuestions 1 What sthemeaningofthetitle Canyouimaginethere resomeshipsinadesertratherthanonthesea 2 Whatdoyouexpecttohavewhenyoureadthetitle 3 What sthechieftopicofthetext 4 Accordingtothetext whatsolutionsdoesthewriterputforwardtoourecologicalproblems 5 Whatdoyouthinkabouttherelationshipbetweenmanandnature 6 Canyoulistsomeofthelargestenvironmentalproblemsnowaffectingtheworld i e theenvironmentalproblemsourplanetnowisfacing AcidRain AirPollution GlobalWarming HazardousWaste OzoneDepletion WaterPollution Deforestation Desertification 7 Inyouropinion whatcanwedotoreinforceenvironmentalprotection BackgroundInformation AlGoreaSenator 1984 1992 representingtheStateofTennesseeU S Vice President 1992 2000 underPresidentBillClintoncurrentlyservesasPresidentoftheAmericantelevisionchannelCurrent chairmanofGenerationInvestmentManagement theboardofdirectorsofAppleComputer anunofficialadvisortoGoogle sseniormanagement CleanAirActSincethetimeoftheIndustrialRevolution airpollutionhasbeenamajorpublichealthproblem In1948 inDonora Pennsylvania anairpollutionepisoderesultedinthedeathsofnineteenpeopleinacommunityof14 000 43percentofthepopulationwereadverselyeffected Thecausewasindustrialemissionsofcombustionproductscombinedwithathermalinversion Today airpollutionstillcausesextensiveratesofmorbidityandmortality anditposesaparticularriskforchildrenandthosewithchroniclungdisease Airpollutionisacomplexmixtureofsubstancesdischargedintotheairinamyriadofways TheCleanAirActof1970isaU S federallawintendedtoreduceairpollutionandprotectairquality Theact whichunderwentamajorrevisionin1990 dealswithambientairpollution thatwhichispresentintheopenair aswellassource specificairpollution thatwhichcanbetracedtoidentifiablesources suchasfactoriesandautomobiles TheCleanAirActaffectsAmericanbusinessesinanumberofways AralSea AralSeafromspace August1964 AralSeafromspace August1985 TheAralSea in2003 hadshrunktowellunderhalfoftheareaithadcoveredfiftyyearsbefore ShrinkingoftheAralSea ApieceofexpositionThepurposeofapieceofexposition toinformorexplainWaysofdevelopingthethesisofapieceofexposition comparison contrast analogy identification illustration analysis definition etc TypeofLiterature Organization Part1 para 1 8 thelistoftheimagesofenvironmentaldestructionlpara 1 5 oneoftheauthor sexperience thedryingupoftheArallpara 6 deforestationlpara 7 8 airpollutionPart2 para 9 16 analysisoftheglobalthreatsposedbytheenvironmentaldestructionandthecommoncause thechangeintherelationshipbetweenhumancivilizationandtheearth snaturalbalancelpara 9 transition theauthorproposessomequestionsforustothinkover para 10 16 analysisoftheglobalthreatsposedbytheenvironmentaldestructionandthecommoncause thechangeintherelationshipbetweenhumancivilizationandtheearth snaturalbalancePart3 para 17 26 thesolutiontoenvironmentaldestructions reinventingandhealingtherelationshipbetweencivilizationandtheearth DetailedStudyoftheText ShipsintheDesert Shipsanchoredinthedesert Thisisaneye catchingtitleanditgivesanimagethatpeoplehardlysee Whenreadersreadthetitle theycan thelpwonderingwhyandhow Para 1 typicalexampleofenvironmentaldestruction1 theprospectsofagoodcatchlookedbleak Understatement aformofironyinwhichsomethingisintentionallyrepresentedaslessthanitis i e init thewordsplaydownthemagnitudeorvalueofthesubject Itaimsatmakingthestatementordescriptionimpressiveorinteresting e g 1 Ittookafewdollarstobuildthisindoorswimmingpool 2 He sreallystrange hisfriendssaidwhentheyheardhehaddivorcedhisprettyandlovingwife Thissentenceisobviouslyanunderstatementbecausewithsandallaroundtherewasnochanceofcatchingfish tosaynothingofcatchingalotoffish 2 Howcouldthefishingshipsbeanchoredinthesand 3 Wherethereshouldhavebeen therewas Payattentiontothestructure Theimplicationisthatoncethereweregentlewaveslappingagainstthesideoftheshipbuttherewerenonenow Instead intheplaceofthewavestherewerestretchesofsand 4 Howcouldtheothershipsbeatrestinthesand 5 WhyistheAraldisappearing 6 WhatwastheArallike10yearsago 7 HowdidtheauthorfeeltowardthechangesoftheAral Para 2 thesisstatement travelaroundtheworldtocheckandstudycasesinordertofindoutthebasiccausesbehindtheenvironmentalcrisis8 Whydidtheauthortravelaroundtheworld 9 Whydidtheauthorsay thesunglaredthroughaholeinthesky Wherecomesthewhole 10 Whatwas thetunnelthroughtime 11 What simpliedin abadlyburnedfacethatwascrackedandpeeling 12 Paraphrase hemovedhisfingerbackintimetotheiceoftwodecadesago Para 3 theglobalwarmingseenintheAntarctic13 Industrymeantcoal thedevelopmentofindustrymeanttheuseoflargeamountofcoalasfueltogeneratepower 14 withitsabilitytotrapmoreheatintheatmosphereandslowlywarmtheearth heatcannoteasilygetthroughcarbondioxideandgointothehighaltitudesocarbondioxideplaystheroleofacover keepingtheheatneartheearth 15 Whatwasthechangeintheearth satmosphere Whendidthedramaticchangestart Why 16 Whatcausesglobalwarming Whyisitconsideredastrategicthreat 17 Whyaretheenginesoftheskiplanekeptrunning Para 4 athinningcapastheresultofArcticairwarms18 attheendofourplanet AntarcticasoneendandArcticastheotherend19 rendezvouspoint theplacewhereasubmarinewastopickthemup20 WhatwerescientistsdoingintheArcticOcean 21 Howarehummocksformed Para 5 therisingtemperatureoftheearth22 Paraphrasethefirstsentence 23 Consideringsuchscenariosisnotapurelyspeculativeexercise ThinkingabouthowaseriesofeventsmighthappenasaconsequenceofthethinningofthePolarcapisnotjustakindofpracticeinconjecture speculation ithasgotpracticalvalue 24 Whatdidthefirstteamofscientistsreport 25 Whatdidthesecondteamreport Whywasitstillacontroversialclaim 26 What sthefunctionofthefirstpart Para 6 thedisturbingimagesofenvironmentaldestructionattheequator27 Wheredothethickcloudsofsmokecomefrom 28 WhywasAmazonthreatened 29 Acrebyacre therainforestisbeingburnedtocreatefastpastureforfast foodbeef Bitbybittreesintherainforestarefelledandthelandisclearedandturnedintopasturewherecattlecanberaisedquicklyandslaughteredandthebeefcanbeusedinhamburgers Payattentiontotheconnectionofthetwo fasts infastpastureandfastfood Withthatcomesthe fast disappearanceoftherainforest fastpastureforfast foodbeef alliteration30 whichmeanswearesilencingthousandsofsongswehaveneverevenheard Sincemilesofforestarebeingdestroyedandthehabitatfortheserarebirdsnolongerexists thousandsofbirdswhichwehavenotevenhadachancetoseewillbecomeextinct Para 7 imagesofdestructionseenalmostanywhere31 Imagesthatsignalthedistressofourglobalenvironmentarenowcommonlyseenalmostanywhere Typicalexamplesshowingthedangerousenvironmentalsituationintheworldcanbefoundalmostanywhere 32 Howisnoctilucentcloudformed 33 Whenandwherecanyouseethiskindofcloud 34 Wheredoesmethanegascomefrom Para 8 humanattitudestowardstheimagesofdestruction35 Howcanmethaneintensifythethreatofglobalwarming 36 wearerippingmatterfromitsplaceintheearthinsuchvolumeastoupsetthebalancebetweendaylightanddarkens weareusinganddestroyingresourcesinsuchabigamountthatwearedisturbingthebalancebetweendaylightanddarkness 37 But withoutevenconsideringthatthreat shouldn titstartleusthatwehavenowputthesecloudsintheeveningskywhichglistenwithaspectrallight Orhaveoureyesadjustedsocompletelytothebrightlightsofcivilizationthatwecan tseethesecloudsforwhattheyare aphysicalmanifestationoftheviolentcollisionbetweenhumancivilizationandtheearth Thesearetworhetoricalquestions Asforrhetoricalquestions there snoneedtogivetheanswer andtheanswerisimpliedinthequestions Iftherhetoricalquestionisnegative theanswerispositiveandviceversa Sothefirstrhetoricalquestionmeansitshouldstartleus thesecondonemeansoureyeshaven tadjustedsocompletelytothebrightlightsofcivilizationthatwecan tsee 38 Paraphrasethelastsentence 39 Whatdohumancivilizationandtheearthrefertorespectively Para 9 human spuzzlingresponse40 Whatarethesurprisingexperiences 41 Noticethethreewords frequency speed constancy 42 Andwhydootherimages thoughsometimesequallydramatic produceinsteadakindofparalysis focusingourattentionnotonwaystorespondbutratheronsomeconvenient lesspainfuldistraction Andwhydoothersigns thoughsometimesnolessstriking onlycauseakindoflossandinactivityandweconcentrateourattentionnotonthewaystodealwiththembutinstead onsomeothersubstituteswhichareeasytogetandlesspainful Paragraph10 theimportanceoforganizingourthoughts43 itmaybehelpfultoclassifythemandthusbegintoorganizeourthoughtsandfeelingssothatwemaybeabletorespondappropriately itmaybeusefultoarrangethemintodifferentgroups thusgettingourthoughtsandfeelingsstraightenedout organizedsothatwewillbeabletotakethemostsuitableaction Para 11 themilitarysystem local skirmishes regional battles and strategic conflicts44 Whatarethestrategicconflicts 45 bereservedfor Para 12 thesamecasewiththeimagesofdestruction46 What sthemeaningof inthesameway 47 Problemslikeacidrain thecontaminationofundergroundaquifers andlargeoilspillsarefundamentallyregional Problemslikeacidrain thecontaminationofundergroundaquifers andlargeoilspillsbasicallybelongtoregionalcategory 48 thepatternappearstobeglobal Itseemsthattheproblemhasacquiredaglobalnaturesincesomanysimilarthingsoccuratthesametimeallovertheworld 49 Whyaren ttheproblemsregardedasstrategic Para 13 anewclassofenvironmentalproblemsaffectingtheglobalecologicalsystem chlorine50 Theincreasedlevelsofchlorinedisrupttheglobalprocessbywhichtheearthregulatestheamountofultravioletradiationfromthesun Theincreaseoftheamountofchlorinedisturbstheusualwayofhandlingandcontrollingtheamountofultravioletradiationtheearthreceivesfromthesun Para 14 anotherstrategicthreat globalwarming51 Theconcentrationofcarbondioxideandotherheat absorbingmoleculeshasincreasedbyalmost25percentsinceWorldWarII posingaworldwidethreattotheearth sabilitytoregulatetheamountofheatfromthesunretainedintheatmosphere Asaresultoftheincreaseofthoseparticlesthatcantakeinheat lessheatisreleasedintothehighaltitudeandmoreheatiskeptintheatmospherethaninthepast Thiswillmaketheclimateoftheworldwarmer concentration themeasureoftheamountofasubstanceconstrainedinaliquid 术语 浓缩 alosegatheringPara 15 thetransformedrelationshipbetweenhumankindandtheearth52 inourowntimewehavereshapedalargepartoftheearth sfacewithconcreteinourcities inthemoderntimewehavegivenanewshapeorformtoalargepartoftheearth ssurfacebybuildingpavedroads bridges buildingsetc 53 Butthesechanges whilesometimesappearingtobepervasive have untilrecently beenrelativelytrivialfactorsintheglobalecologicalsystem Althoughsometimesthesechangesseemtobetakingplaceeverywhereintheworldtheyhave untilrecently beenrelativelyinsignificantintheirinfluenceontheecologicalsystemoftheworld Para 16 thedominantcauseofchangeintheglobalenvironment humancivilization55 weresistthistruth werefusetoacceptthistruefact werefusetofacethisrealfactthathumancivilizationisnowthedominantcauseofchangeintheglobalenvironment 56 Sofar however weseemobliviousofthefragilityoftheearth snaturalsystems Uptillnow weseemtobeunawareofthefactthattheearth snaturalsystemsareverydelicateandcaneasilybedisrupted Para 17 dramaticchangesintwokeyfactors57 asuddenandstartlingsurgeinhumanpopulation asuddenandstartlingriseinhumanpopulation asuddenbigandshockingincreaseintheworld spopulation58 withtheadditiononeChina sworthofpeopleeverytenyears Everytenyearsthenewly addedpopulationwillequalthepopulationofChina Everytenyears onemoreChina spopulationwillbeaddedtothepopulationoftheworld Worth equalinsizeornumbere g Thestormdidthousandsofpounds worthofdamage diddamageworththousandsofpounds Ibought10poundsworthoffood Hebought10dollarsworthofpostagestamps Para 18 thesurgeinpopulation59 whenviewedinahistoricalcontext whenwelookatthematterfromahistoricalpointofviewPara 19 thepresentfasterincreasingpopulation60 inthecourseofonehumanlife mine duringthelifespanofanindividual mylifetime61 itisalreadymorethanhalfwaythere theworldpopulationisalreadymorethanhalfofthatfigure Para 20 thescientificandtechnologicalrevolution62 Althoughnoindividualdiscoveryhaschangedhumanrelationshiptotheearthsomuchthatitiscomparabletothenuclearweaponswhichhavebroughttremendouschangetotherelationshipbetweenmanandwarfare63 Thisincreasedabilityhasmadetheresultsofunlimiteduseofglobalresourcesaltogetherasterribleastheresultsoffull scalenuclearwar64 Whatisourchallengeaccordingtotheauthor 65 Whatdotheseexamplesofenvironmentaldestructionimply 66 Whatisthecommoncauseofenvironmentalcrisis Para 21 ourchallengetorecognizethatstartingimagesofenvironmentaldestruction67 Ourtaskistoseeandtounderstandthatthosefrighteningexamplesofenvironmentaldestructionthatarehappeningallovertheworldaresomuchthesameinnaturethattheysurpriseusnolonger aresofrequently becomesocommonthattheydon tshockandarouseusanymore Para 22 twoaspectstothischallenge ourpowertoharmtheearthandourroleasco architectofnature68 Whydoyouthinktheauthortalksaboutthenucleararmsracehere 69 toregardourselvesaspartofacomplicatedsystemwhichdoesnotfunctionaccordingtotheruleofcause effectwearefamiliarwith70 Theproblemisnotoureffectontheenvironmentsomuchasourrelationshipwiththeenvironment Whatisinvolvedisamatterofhumanrelationswithnature ratherthanhowmankindwillaffectnature Thepointisthatoureffectontheenvironmentisnotthesameasourrelationshipwiththeenvironment 71 Asaresult ifwewanttosolvetheproblem wewillhavetocarefullyweighanddeterminehowimportantthatrelationshipisandhowimportantisthecomplicatedinterconnectionamongfactorsinsidehumansocietyandbetweenthesefactorsandthemainnaturalpartsofglobalecologicalsystem Para 23 oneprecedentforthiskindofchallengetoourthinking militaryoneagain72 Thereisonlyoneexampleinthepastwhichposedsimilardemandonusforachangeinourwayoflookingatthings 73 all outwar armedfightingbetweennationsusingallpossiblestrengthandeffortall out usingallpossiblestrengthandefforte g Wemadeanall outefforttofinishthejobbyChristmas 74 cansuitablydisposeofthewrongthinkingpeopleentertainwhichhavemadethemfailtoseethechangeinthenatureofarmedconflict veil coveringofthinmaterial ametaphorPara 24 ar