状语从句讲解和习题附答案解析

WORD 格式可编辑 专业知识 整理分享 状语从句 一 状语从句概述 定义状语从句用作状语 是起副词作用的句子 位置状语从句可以放在主句之前 也可以放在主句之后 时间 条 件 原因和让步状语从句放在句首时需要用逗号和主句隔开 分类根据其作用可以分为时间 地点 原因 条件 目的 让步 方式和比较等状语从句 作用它可以修饰谓语 非谓语动词 定语 状语和整个句子 二 状语从句详解 二 状语从句详解 1 时间状语从句时间状语从句 引导词用法示例 when 意为 当 的时候 When 引导从句的谓语动 词可以是延续性动词 也 可以是瞬间动词 并且 when 有时表示 就在那 时 A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth 说谎者讲真话时也没有人相 信 When he arrives I ll call you When you laugh and smile your body relaxes while 意为 在 的时候 在 的同时 While 引导从 句的谓语动词必须是延续 性的 发生时间较长 并 强调主句和从句的动作同 时发生 或者相对应 While 有时还可以表示对 比 While I was standing at the window I saw several boys running along the street While John was watching TV his wife was cooking as 意为 一边 一边 The writer was angry as WORD 格式可编辑 专业知识 整理分享 As 引导的动作是延续性 的 发生时间较短 一般 用于主句和从句动作同时 发生 as 也可以强调一 前一后 he was travelling on a train to London because someone had invaded his space He smiled as he stood up after 意为 在 之后 表示 主句动作发生在从句动作 之后 主句与从句的动作 时间关系与 before 引导 的从句相反 With many hungry visitors waiting don t stay too long at your table after you have finished If an early exit is necessary you can leave after a scene is over before 意为 在 之前 引导 的从句不用否定形式的谓 语 并且当 before 引导 的从句位于主句之后 有 时译成 就 才 当主 句用将来时 从句总是用 现在时 如果 before 引 导的从句谓语用的是过去 时 则主句动词多用过去 完成时 这样以便体现动 作的先后 You can t watch TV before you finish your homework Before it ended the theatre was almost empty My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived till 意为 直到 一般情况 下可以和 until 互换 如 果主句中的谓语动词是瞬 时动词时 必须用否定形 式 如果主句中的谓语动 词是延续性动词时 用肯 She didn t even know that it was an earthquake till she saw a shaking moving from side to side light The fireman worked very WORD 格式可编辑 专业知识 整理分享 定和否定形式都可以 但 表达的意思不同 hard till the fire was out until 意为 直到 在强调句 型中多用 until 如果主 句中的谓语动词是瞬时动 词时 必须用否定形式 如果主句中的谓语动词是 延续性动词时 用肯定和 否定形式都可以 但表达 的意思不同 I m waiting for my sister I won t go to see my uncle until she comes Wait until I finish what I am doing since 意为 自从 从 以来 引导从句的谓语动词可以 是延续性的动词 也可以 是瞬时动词 一般情况下 从句谓语动词用一般过去 时 而主句的谓语动词用 现在完成时 但在 It is 时间 since 从句的句型 中 主句多用一般现在时 I have been studying hard since I entered the high school It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing It is five years months since our boss was not in Beijing as soon as 意为 一 就 引导 时间状语从句时 如果主 句用了将来时 从句一般 使用现在时 Tom will call me as soon as he gets home I will call you as soon as I arrive 2 2 地点状语从句地点状语从句 引导词用法示例 where 意为 哪里 where 引导 的地点状语从句 Where there is a will there is a way WORD 格式可编辑 专业知识 整理分享 there 主句 哪里 哪里就 主句在从句后 面时 there 可用可不用 主句在从句的前面时 一般 都不用 there They were good persons Where they went there they were warmly welcomed You should have put the book where you found it wherever 意为 无论何地 anywhere wherever 引导地 点状语从句 主句 anywhere 本身是个副词 但是常可以引导从句 相当 于连词 意思相当于 wherever anywhere 引导 的从句可位于主句之前 也 可以位于主句之后 而 wherever 本身就是个连词 表示 在何处 无论何处 Wherever the sea is you will find seaman I ll go anywhere you go 3 3 条件状语从句条件状语从句 引导词用法示例 if 连词 意为 假如 如果 当主句是将来时的时候 从句要用一般现在时 Don t talk loudly at the meeting If you do you will have to leave We ll go for a picnic if it doesn t rain this weekend WORD 格式可编辑 专业知识 整理分享 unless 连词 意为 除非 if not 当主句是将来时的 时候 从句要用一般现在 时 Don t discuss the problems with your partner unless you are asked to do so I won t go there unless you come with me 4 4 原因状语从句原因状语从句 引导词用法示例 as 意为 因为 引导原因 状语从句时表示附带 说明 双方已知的原因 语气比 since 弱 较为 正式 位置较为灵活 常放于主句之前 As the weather is cold I stay at home As it is raining you d better take a taxi As you are tired you d better rest since 意为 因为 引导的原 因状语从句一般放于主 句之前表示已知的 显 然的理由 通常被翻译 成 既然 较为正式 语气比 because 弱 Since the earth looks like a ball the sun can shine on only half of it at a time Since the race is in April I had to run throughout the winter and in Boston winters are cold Since everybody is here Let s begin our meeting because 意为 因为 引导的原 因状语从句一般放于主 句之后 表述直接原因 The woman prefers winter because she can skate I d like to collect WORD 格式可编辑 专业知识 整理分享 语气较强 最适合 why 引导的疑问句 Because 引导的原因状语从句有 时可以与 because of 短 语互换 stamps because they are interesting I m very tired these days because of studying physics He can t come because he is ill He can t come because of his illness for 意为 因为 引导的原 因状语从句并不说明主 句行为发生的直接原因 只提供一些辅助性的补 充说明 for 引导的原因 状语从句只能放于主句 之后 并且必须用逗号 将其与主句隔开 He must be ill for he is absent today He could not have seen me for I was not there 5 5 目的状语从句目的状语从句 引导词用法示例 so that 意为 以至 以便 目 的状语的谓语常含有 may might can could should would 等情态动词 Try to speak loud enough so that people can hear you clearly Mr Green speaks very loudly so that all the people can hear him clearly in order that 意为 为了 相当于 so that in order to 后面 可以跟动词原形构成目 We shall let you know the details soon in order that you can may make a WORD 格式可编辑 专业知识 整理分享 的状语 不是目的状语 从句 arrangements 6 6 结果状语从句结果状语从句 引导词用法示例 so that 意为 如此 以至于 so adj adv 原级 that so 是副词 只能修饰形容 词和副词 so 还可与表示 数量的形容词 many few much little 这四个形容 词表示多或少时 连用 形 成固定搭配 so many 或 few 复数可数名词 that so much 或 little 不可数名词 that This year it has rained so heavily in South China that lots of problems are caused The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldn t skate on it Too often we spend so much time thinking about the future that we fail to enjoy the present There are so few notebooks that I can t give you any such that 意为 如此 以至于 有三种结构 such a an adj 单数不可数名词 that such adj 不可 数名词 that such adj 复数可数名词 that such 是形容词 修饰名词或名词词组 有 时可与 so that 句型转换 It s such a wonderful song that we all like it Simon is such dishonest person that no one believes him The boy is so young that he can t go to school He is such a WORD 格式可编辑 专业知识 整理分享 young boy that he can t go to school 7 7 让步状语从句让步状语从句 引导词用法示例 though 意为 虽然 不能和 but 连 用 但是可以同 yet still 连用 构成 though yet still though 较普遍 常用于非正 式的口语和书面语中 even 能和 though 组合表示强调 在这里 even though even if no matter if though 即使 也 though 可以 独立用作副词 常放在句末 意为 all the same 还是 仍然 或 however 可是 然 而 So it has lived up to now though it isn t strong at all Though they are twin brothers they don t look like each other Even if Even though we could afford it we would afford it we wouldn t go abroad for our vacation although 意为 虽然 不能和 but 连 用 但是可以同 yet still 连用 构成 although yet still although 较为正式 语气比 though 重 常用以强调让步 概念 even 不能和 although 组合 Although he died several years ago I can still remember the days we spent together and what he has taught me about love Although we had little food with us we decided to spend the night in the car WORD 格式可编辑 专业知识 整理分享 8 8 比较状语从句比较状语从句 引导词用法示例 as as 意为 和 一样 表示 同级的比较 使用时要注 意第一个 as 为副词 第 二个 as 为连词 其基本 结构为 as adj adv 原 级 as 若有修饰成分 如 twice three times half a quarter 等 则 须置于第一个 as 之前 She is very good at painting She can paint as well as here teacher I ran out as quickly as possible not as so as 意为 和 不一样 不如 也表示同级比较 She is not so as outgoing as her sister This dictionary is not as so useful as you think 9 9 方式状语从句方式状语从句 引导词用法示例 as just as so 意为 犹如 就像 引导的方式状语从句通 常位于主句后 但在 just as so 结构 中位于句首 这时 as 从句带有比喻的含义 意为 正如 就像 多用于正式文体 When in Rome do as the Romans do As water is to fish so air is to man as if as though 意为 就像 好像 If would never WORD 格式可编辑 专业知识 整理分享 两者的意义和用法相同 引出的状语从句谓语多 用虚拟语气 表示与事 实相反 有时也用陈述 语气 表示所说情况是 事实或实现的可能性较 大 常译作 仿佛 似 的 好像 似的 forget here smile or the way her eyes shone as if we were the same age It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon 练习一 一 单项填空 1 he s old he can still carry this heavy bag A Though B Since C For D So 2 Do you know if he to play basketball with us I think he will come if he free tomorrow A comes is B comes will be C will come is D will come will be 3 In the zoo if a child into the water and can t swim the dolphins may come up him A will fall to help B falls to help C will fall help D falls helping 4 I don t remember he worked in that city when he was young A what B which C where D who 5 We will stay at home if my aunt to visit us tomorrow A comes B come C will come D is coming 6 The police asked the children cross the street WORD 格式可编辑 专业知识 整理分享 the traffic lights turned green A not before B don t when C not to until D not after 7 I was late for class yesterday there was something wrong with my bike A when B that C until D because 8 I ll go swimming with you if I free tomorrow A will be B shall be C am D was 9 In the exam the you are the mistakes you will make A careful little B more careful fewest C more careful fewer D more careful less 10 You should finish your lessons you go out to play A before B after C when D while 11 I hurried I wouldn t be late for class A since B so that C as if D unless 12 When you read the book you d better make a mark you have any questions A which B that C where D though 13 The teacher raised his voice all the students could hear him A for B so that C because D in order 14 He took off his coat he felt hot A because B as C if D since 15 It is that we d like to go out for a walk A a lovely day B too lovely a day C so lovely a day D such lovely a day 16 Mary had much work to do that she stayed at her office all day WORD 格式可编辑 专业知识 整理分享 A such B so C too D very 17 I felt very tired I tried to finish the work A Although B Because C As D As if 18 the day went on the weather got worse A With B Since C While D As 19 well you can drive you must drive carefully A So long as B In order that C No matter how D The moment 20 Write to me as soon as you to Beijing A will get B get C getting D got 二 根据中文意思完成下列英语句子 1 不管他跟我开什么玩笑 我都不生气 I am not angry with him jokes he on me 2 布鲁斯太太对学生非常亲切 以至于学生把她当做母亲 Mrs Bruce was kind to her students they her their mother 3 只要我们竭尽全力 父母就会满意我们的表现 Our parents will be pleased with our performance we try our best 4 你一到上海就给我打个电话好吗 Will you please call me you get to Shanghai 5 这个七岁的女孩酷爱钢琴 以至于他已经坚持练习两年了 The seven year old girl likes playing the piano she has kept practicing for two years 6 虽然她很忙 他还坚持自学英语 she kept on learning English by herself WORD 格式可编辑 专业知识 整理分享 7 他长大后相当一名记者 He wants to be a journalist 8 无论刮风下雨 我们的老师总是第一个到校 windy or rainy our teacher is always the first to get to school 9 如果人人为保护环境做出贡献 世界将会变得更美好 to protecting the environment the world will become much more beautiful 10 李明昨天没来上学 因为他病了 Li Ming didn t come to school 练习二 1 The meeting didn t start everyone was there A because B until C why D if 2 The boy to bed his mother came in A went not until B didn t go after C went until D didn t go until 3 I won t believe you I have seen it with my own eyes A before B until C after D when 4 He home she was satisfied his answer yesterday A didn t go until with B wasn t go after to C doesn t go before with D didn t go until to 5 He back until the work done A isn t will be B isn t is C won t be will be D won t be is 6 They didn t start the work their teacher came back A until B while C as soon as D if 7 Tom will call me as soon as he Shanghai A arrives B will reach C arrives in D get to 8 I m sure he ll come to see me before he Beijing WORD 格式可编辑 专业知识 整理分享 A will leave B is leaving C leave D leaves 9 I will tell him the news as soon as he back A come B comes C will come D came 10 Tom has got a watch He it for two years It by his father A has bought was bought B has got is bought C was bought has bought D has had was bought 11 When he got to the station the train A left B had left C leaves D has left 12 The boy told his father what he in the street A saw B have seen C had seen D see 13 We TV when the telephone A watched was ringing B were watching rang C watch rings D are watching rang 14 By the end of last term I ten books A had finished reading B have finish reading C had finish to read D finish read 15 I you for a long time Where you A didn t see did go B didn t see have goneC haven t seen have been D haven t seen have gone 16 Tom China for 3 years A has been B has been in C has been to D has been at 17 I won t go to see the film tonight because I my ticket A lost B have lost C will lose D didn t lose 18 Hello May I speak to Bob Sorry but he for a month A had been away B was left C left D has been away 19 I him since I began to live in the city A know B have known C knew D will know WORD 格式可编辑 专业知识 整理分享 20 Zhao Lan already in this school for two years A was studying B will study C has studied D are studying 21 Betty didn t go to see the film yesterday she was ill A because B but C until D if 22 May I sit nearer I can see more clearly A as if B so that C even if D so 23 you work hard you will certainly succeed A Though B If C Because D For 24 he came to study in the university he has made much progress in the study of English A While B When C Since D After 25 I d like to go swimming the water is not too cold A for B unless C if D whether 26 There are many league members in class 2 in Class 4 A both and B so that C either or D as as 27 Do you have a big library No we don t At least not yours A as big as B as big than C as bigger than D bigger as 28 Suzhou is not beautiful Hangzhou A as than B so as C even than D than 29 Iron is more useful any other metal A as B than C then D so 30 I want to know she is going to see a film A if B that C what D which 31 You are sure to pass the exam you study hard A if B thoughC that D since 32 I ll go to see the film with you I have time this evening A whether B so C if D when WORD 格式可编辑 专业知识 整理分享 33 you study harder you ll never pass the final exam A If B Until C Unless D Except 34 Although it w