现代大学英语精读Unit Silent Springppt课件.ppt

SilentSpring RachelCarson SilentSpring Unit5 Questions Activities Check onPreview Objectives Warmingup SilentSpring Unit5 Workinpairstonameenvironmentalproblemsthatarethreateningourworld sandstorm desertification soilerosion水土流失 Deforestation采伐森林 Salinization盐化 作用 seaturtle polarbear 农药 farmchemical Siamesetwins EnvironmentalProblems Air relatedenvironmentalproblemsGreenhouseeffectOzonedepletionAirpollutionwater relatedenvironmentalproblemsAcidrainWastewaterWatercrisisMarinepollutionandacidification海洋污染和海水酸化 Land relatedenvironmentalproblemsProblemsarisingfrominefficientlanduse urbansprawl城区的无计划扩张 habitatfragmentation栖息地破碎化 habitatdestruction Problemsarisingfromlandpollutionanddegradation desertification landpollution soilpollution OtherenvironmentalproblemsTheuseofpesticidesInefficientuseofresourcesandenergycrisisConservation species Non recyclablewaste plasticandelectronicwaste Geneticengineering geneticallymodifiedfoods NucleardevelopmentandnanotechnologyPopulationexplosion Check onPreview Wearefacedwithallkindsofenvironmentalproblemsnowadays ButwhatistheonethatRachelCarsondealtwithinherbookSilentSpring InwhatwayisRachelCarsonunparalleled DoesCarsonmeanthatinsecticidesshouldneverbeusedinagriculture Howdoyouseetheenvironmentalproblemsinyourcity Howshouldourgovernmentdo andhowshouldwecitizensofthiscitydo Warmingup 1 ContentDevelopanenvironmentalconsciousness2 Language newwordsandexpressions Practicereadingskills understandingextendedessays understandingcomplicatedparagraphs readingforgist inferringtheauthor sattitudes feelings opinions conclusions drawinginferences Objectives Warmingup Background Author SilentSpring Unit5 Author RachelCarson writer scientist andecologist wasborninPennsylvania ShestudiedbiologyandreceivedherMAinzoologyfromJohnHopkinsUniversity Shewrotemanybooksaboutconservation naturalresources andthewonderandbeautyofthelivingworld Shediedin1964afteralongbattleagainstbreastcancer RachelCarson 1907 1964 Shehadanintenselovefornaturesinceherchildhood Humanshavenowacquiredafatefulpowertoalterandtodestroynature ButManisapartofnature andhiswaragainstnatureisinevitablyawaragainsthimself RachelCarson Author Background Publications UndertheSea Wind 海风下 TheSeaAroundUs 周遭之海 TheEdgeoftheSea 在海之滨 SilentSpring 寂静的春天 Shewasoncebitterlyattacked ananti humanitariancrank apriestessofnature andahystericalwoman Butshecourageouslywentonfightinguntilherideacaughtonandmoreandmorepeoplejoinedin themotherofmodernenvironmentalmovement Author Background 1 Howwasitreceived 2 Howsignificantisitnow 3 Doesitstillmakesensenow Author Background Aboutthebook Whenthebookfirstappeared Carsonwasbitterlyattackedbythechemicalindustryandsomepeopleinthegovernmentasanalarmist butshecourageouslyspokeoutagainstthosecriticism thethreatsshehadoutlined thecontaminationofthefoodchain cancer geneticdamage thedeathsofentirespecies weretoofrighteningtoignore Forthefirsttime theneedtoregulateindustryinordertoprotecttheenvironmentbecamewidelyaccepted andenvironmentalismwasborn TextAnalysis SilentSpring Unit5 I StructureoftheText PartI paras 1 6atownbefore afterthedisasterPartII paras 7 9causeofthedisaster chemicalsPartIII paras 10 14character impactofman stamperingwithnaturePartIV paras 15 18reasonswhypesticidesfailtosolvethepestproblemPartV paras 19 24causeofmodernpestproblemandpossiblesolutionsPartVI para 25 Partone 1 6 Discussion Howdidthetownlooklikebeforeandafteritwaspolluted Inparagraph3 itmentionedthatsomeevilspellsettledonthecommunity whichmadethelivesinthiscityloseitsvigor Isitthetruth Ifnot whatmadeit 1 TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmericawherealllifeseemedtoliveinharmonywithitssurroundings 1 heart thecentralormostimportantpartinharmonywith inastateofpeacefulco existenceandagreementParaphrase OnceuponatimetherewasatowninthecentralpartofAmericawherealllivingthingsseemedtoco existpeacefullywiththeirenvironment II DetailedDiscussionoftheText E g racialharmonydomesticharmonyEveryonelivesinharmonywitheachother Tourismshoulddevelopinharmonywithenvironment Wearelivinginaharmonioussociety harmony nharmoniousadjliveinharmonywith与 和谐相处 22 2 Thetownlayinthemidstofprosperousfarms where inspring whitecloudsofbloomdriftedabovethegreenfields 1 Inthemidstof a 在当中 表方位 b 正当某事发生的时候 表时间 whitecloudsofbloom flowersarelikewhitecloudsprosperous booming promising ofplants growingwellprosper V prosperity n Thetownlayamongbooming orwellgrowing farms Inspring flowersfloatedabovethegreenfieldsjustlikeclouds 3 Inautumn oakandmapleandbirchsetupablazeofcolorthatflamedandflickeredacrossabackgroundof setup tocause produce raise awallablazeofcolor animpressiveandnoticeableshowofcolors色彩斑斓Para Inautumn theoak mapleandbirchtreesturnedyellow redorbrown thusmakingabeautifulshowofcolorsagainstthedarkgreenofpinetrees PayattentiontoCarson suseofcolorindescribingthetownbeforeitsenvironmentwascontaminated whitecloudsofflowersfloatingabovegreenfieldsinspring theblazeofcolorinautumn etc Lesson11 SilentSpring flickerv n a tomovewaveringly twinkle blink limmerb ofanidea thought emotion tobeexpressedorappearsomewhereforashorttimee g shadowsflickeringonthewallleavesflickeringinthewindThecandleflickeredinthewind Asmileflickeredacrosshisface flame tobecomesuddenlybrightwithlightorcolor espredororangeTheautumnwoodsflamedwithcolor 4 Thenfoxesbarkedinthehillsanddeersilentlycrossedthefields 1 Nowanimalsareintroducedafterplantlife fromthenoisyfoxestothequietdeer theycriedandmovedastheyliked Alllifeseemedtoliveinharmonywithitssurroundings 5 Thecountrysidewas infact famousfortheabundanceandvariety abundance nalargequantityofsthChinahasanabundanceofnaturalresource Inabundance大量 充足AbundantadjThisareaisabundantinpetroleumdeposit aboundVThestreamaboundswithfish Migrant n 1 候鸟 迁徙动物 2 移民 移居者Immigrants migrate migration 6 Thensomeevilspellsettledonthecommunity mysteriousdiseasesswepttheflocksofchickens thecattleandsheepsickenedanddied Then asifbysomeevilpower disasterfellonthecommunity Strangediseasesquicklystruckdownlargenumbersofchicken thecattleandsheepbecameillanddied Spell wordsthatmakemagicalthingshappenNotetheuseofunitwordsinEnglish aflockofchicken sheep tourists aherdofcattle elephants 7 Thefeedingstationsinthebackyardsweredeserted 4 feedingstation adish likecontainerfixedontopofapostwherepeopleregularlyleavesunflowerseedsorthelikeforpassingbirdstofeedon Feedingstationsaregenerallyputupinthebackyards Nobirdscametofeedonwhatwasthereatthefeedingstations Deserted forsaken visitedbynobody herebirds A street island 8 Onthemorningsthathadoncethrobbedwiththedawnchorusofscoresofbirdvoicestherewasnownosound 4 Themorningairusedtovibratewiththesingingofbirds buttherewasnownosound scoresofbird manybirdsThrob v 1 ofapartofthebody tofeelaseriesofregularpainfulmovements抽动 抽筋 2 tobeatorsoundwithastrong regularrhythm跳动 搏动 3 ofaplace tohavealotoflife energy地方充满了活力Ourcampusisthrobbingwithlife Contrast atownbefore afterthedisaster BeforeColor ablazeofcolorSound bark birdssingingMotion vibrant throbbingwithlifeOverallimpression vibrant harmoniousbeautiful AfterColor brownedandwitheredvegetationSound still quiteMotion lifelessOverallimpression lifelessdeserted awful TextAnalysis DetailedAnalysis Whydidtheauthorpaintsuchabeautifulpictureofanon existenttown Whatwasshetryingtoappealto TextAnalysis DetailedAnalysis PartII Discussion 7 9 NatureDirection environment lifeSpeed adaptative HumanDirection life environmentSpeed destructiveirrecoverable Howhasmanchangedtherelationbetweenorganismsandtheirsurroundings TextAnalysis DetailedAnalysis PartIII Discussion 10 14 2 Inwhatwayhasman spowerchangedincharacter para 11 3 Howdochemicalsaffectourlife para 11 passingfromonetoanotherinachainofpoisoninganddeath 4 Whatarethetwoexamplesgivenbytheauthorasman stamperingwithnature paras 11 13 5 Whyisman schangeoftheworldparticularlydevastating paras 12 14 PartIII Discussion TextAnalysis DetailedAnalysis 9 Toalargeextent thephysicalformandthehabitsof beenmoldedbytheenvironment 10 Toalargeextent 在很大程度上Tosomeextent degree toacertainextent degreeMold vtostronglyinfluencethewaysb scharacter attitudeandetc对 影响重大 塑造成Parentsareresponsibleformoldingchildren sphysicalandpsychologicalhealth 10 Consideringthewholespanofearthlytime theoppositeeffect inwhichlifeactuallymodifiesitssurroundings hasbeenrelativelyslight 10 Whenwethinkofthelonghistoryoflifeonearth thedegree orextent thatlivingthingsaffecttheirenvironmenthasbeeninsignificantascomparedwiththeeffectoftheenvironmentonplantandanimallife 11 butithaschangedincharacter 11 butthenatureofthispowertoaltertheenvironmenthaschanged Inthepast tosurvivehumansmadeuseofwhatnatureoffered forexample bycuttingdowntrees dammingrivers nowtheycreatethingsthatdidnotexist suchaschemicalsandunnaturalradiation Assault v ntheactofattackingsomeplaceinordertocontrolitOntheearlymorningofDec7th 1941 JapanesenavylaunchedanassaultonPearlHarbor Contamination thestateofbeingpollutedContaminatev污染contaminantn污染物Lethal causingorabletocausedeath deadly fatal Alethalnuclearweapon 12 Thispollutionisforthemostpartirrecoverable 11 Inmostcases thepollutedair soil andriversandtheseacannotberestoredtotheiroriginalnaturalstate Irrecoverable sthyoucannotgetback无法挽回的irreparable notreparable incurable irremediable 13 Chemicalssprayedoncroplandsorforestsorgardenslielonginsoil enteringintolivingorganisms passingfromonetoanotherinachainofpoisoninganddeath 11 lielonginsoil theystayinsoilforalongtimebecausetheydon tbreakdownchemicallythereenteringintolivingorganisms passingfromonetoanotherinachainofpoisoninganddeath thechemicalsthatinsecticidescontainarelikelytoenterbirdsandanimalsinfood andthenpassoutinwastematterfromtheirbodies getintothesoilandareabsorbedbytheplantsthatgrowonit Whenbirdsandanimalsandpeopleeattheplants thesesubstancesagainaretakenintotheirbodies Thisprocessgoesonandonendlessly poisoningplantandanimallifealike Inshort thechemicalstendtobeendlesslyrecycledinthefoodchains 14 Giventime timenotinyearsbutinmillennia lifeadjusts andabalancehasbeenreached 12 Whentheenvironmentchanges livingthingscanadapttotheirnewsurroundings butitisalongprocessandittakesmillenniaofyearsforlifetobeinharmonywiththeirmodifiedworldagain millenniaofyears thousandsofyears 15 Butinthemodernworldthereisnotime 12 Butinthemodernworld lifehasnotimetoadjustitselftothechangeofenvironment forman spowertotemperwithnaturehasbecometoogreat Manissoeagertochangenatureforshort termbenefits hedoesnotthinkofthelong terminterestofhisownspecies 16 Therapidityofchangefollowstheimpetuouspaceofmanratherthanthedeliberatepaceofnature 13 Theenvironmentnolongerchangesslowlyaccordingtothelawsofnature Rather itisrapidlychangedbyshortsighted profit seekingmankind Thereforeadjustmentcanneverkeepupwithchange andanewbalancebetweenlivingthingsandtheirenvironmentcanhardlybereached 1 Impetuous impulsive 1 characterizedbyunduehasteandlackofthoughtordeliberation 2 markedbyviolentforce Youngstersareusuallymoreimpetuousthanoldpeople Don tmakeimpetuouspromises 2 deliberate adj 1 doneonpurpose 2 doneslowlyandcarefullyv tothinkcarefullydeliberateon upon仔细研究 考虑Theoldmanspokeinaslowanddeliberateway Hedeliberatedonwhethertobuythevilla Cf deliberate reflect meditate ponder 17 Radiationisnowtheunnaturalcreationofman stamperingwiththeatom 13 Tamperwith tomeddleorinterferewith任意破坏 损害 篡改 瞎搞 Themachinewillself destructifyoutamperwithit Pleasedonottamperwithmyfeelings Inthepast radiationwasonlysentoutfromradioactivesubstancesincertainrock todaymancreatessuchharmfulraysbysplittingthenucleusoftheatomofsuchsubstanceasradium 18 Thechemicalsarethesyntheticcreationsofman sinventivemind havingnocounterpartsinnature 13 Naturedoesnotproducesuchthingsaschemicals Theyareman made i e theresultofman screativepower Synthetic artificial 1 Whyarepesticidesnotagoodsolution 3reasons Theykillindiscriminately reducingbiodiversity para 16 Theycontaminatetheentireenvironment para 16 residualeffectTheycouldn tsolvethepestproblem para 17 resistancetochemicalsresurgenceinducedbypesticides TextAnalysis DetailedAnalysis PartIV Discussion 15 18 2 Whatdoesthe endlessspiral referto para 17 3 Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying alllifeiscaughtupinitsviolentcrossfire para 17 4 Whatistheauthor sattitudetowardsman suseofchemicals Howisitimplied Rhetoricalquestions Cananyonebelieveitis para 16 Howcouldintelligentbeings para 18 TextAnalysis DetailedAnalysis PartIV Discussion 19 Thesechemicalsarenowappliedalmostuniversallytofarms gardens forests andhomes 16 applysthto 1 应用于 实践于 适合 符合 2 涂抹 擦上 3 applyoneselfto专心于 投身于 4 applyfor寻求工作 职位e g Weshouldapplywhatwehavelearnedtopractice Shenevergoesoutwithoutapplyingsuncreamto onherfaceandneck Mysonisapplyinghimselftothenewtoytruck I mwritingtoapplyforapositionofamanager Words application applicant 20 tostillthesongofbirdsandtheleapingoffish tocoattheleaveswithadeadlyfilm andtolingeroninsoil 16 tokillthebirdsandfish tocovertheleaveswithathinlayerofdeath causingchemicalsandstayinsoilforalongtime Lingeron 1 stayorremainforalongtime 1 继续残留 2 留恋往返 意犹未尽 3 苟延残喘ThoughIambackfromParis yetmymemorieslingeron Thedelicioustastecanlingerontheplatealongtime Thoughdesperatelyillhecouldlingeronformonths 21 Thewholeprocessofsprayingseemscaughtupinanendlessspiral 17 becaughtupin tobecomeinvolvedin oftenagainstyourwishes e g Manyinnocentpeoplewascaughtupinthedispute anendlessspiral anever ending continuousupwardmovement Paraphrase Themoreinsecticidesaresprayed thelesseffectivetheywillbecomeindestroyingthe pests Thenmoredeadlychemicalswillbedevelopedtokillthem Thisprocesswillgoonendlessly 22 Darwin sprincipleofthesurvivalofthefittest 17 InhisOntheOriginofSpecies 1859 Darwindevelopedhistheoryofevolution Accordingtothistheory plantsandanimalsthatcanbestadaptthemselvestotheirenvironmentwillcontinuetoliveanddevelop whileplantsandanimalsthatdonothavethesequalitiesgraduallydisappear Thisprocessiscallednaturalselection Survivalofthefittest isaquotefrom PrinciplesofBiology bytheEnglishphilosopherHerbertSpencer 1820 1903 Todaythephraseisoftenusedtorefertoanysituationinwhichunsuccessfulcompetitorsarequicklydestroyedordefeated 23 Immuneto 17 unabletobeharmedoraffectedbecauseofspecialqualitiesinyourself Beimmuneto对 有免疫力 不受 影响Beimmunefrom受 保护 免除 Usually adultsareimmunetocertaindiseases Hewastotallyimmunetothosegossips AIDS 1 Whatprinciplesshouldwefollowtosolvethepestproblem para 19 2 Howdidthepestproblemcomeintobeing intensificationofagriculture para 20 invasionofimportedspecies paras 21 23 3 Doesspreadingoforganismstonewplaceshappeninnature Howdoesithappen Whatistheprimaryfactorinthisnaturalprocess geologicalelement i e separatingandrejoiningoflandswhichtookmillionsofyearstocomplete para 21 TextAnalysis DetailedAnalysis PartV Discussion 24 Nature holdsthespecieswithinboundsbythebuilt inchecksandbalances 20 Naturekeepslivingthingsinproportion regulatingtheirnumberthroughthecheckandbalancemechanismsofitself Inotherwords whenthepopulationofonespeciesistoobig small Naturehasawayoflevelingitoff Para20 wordsandphrases WithinboundsBuilt inchecksandbalance内在的制约与平衡Habitat 生活习性Setthestagefor pavethewayfor Buildup increase strengthenBeintermingledwith bemixedwith outofboundsa Ifaplaceisoutofbounds peoplearenotallowedtogothere b Ifsomethingisoutofbounds peoplearenotallowedtodoit useit seeit orknowaboutit Examples Allourtradingactivitiesarewithintheboundsofthelaw Thisareaisoutofboundstounconcernedpersons withinbounds para20 beingunderlegalormoralobligation 57 Naturehasintroducedgreatvarietyintothelandscapeandholdsthespecieswithinboundsbythebuilt inchecksandbalances para20 固有的 内在的 amechanismofcontrollingorpreventingfromsthandkeepingtheminastableposition paraphrase Naturekeepslivingthingsinanappropriatepercentage proportion scaleandregulatestheirnumberthroughthecheck balancemechanismsofitself 58 immuneto para17 adj a notaffectedbyagiveninfluenceb notsubjecttoanobligationimposedonothersbeimmunetosth benotaffectedbybeimmunefromsth avoidbeingaffectedBeimmunetopersuasionBeimmunefromtaxationBeimmunefromcriminalprosecution免于刑事诉讼Beimmunetodisease对疾病有免疫力的Benotimmunetotheinfluencearoundus 不能不受周围环境的影响 不能被说服的 免于纳税 59 Intensify para20 v makeintenseormoreintense intensifiedimageThepresshasintensifieditsscrutinyofhisbackground 放大像新闻界已增强了对他背景的调查 intense 强度 数量或程度 强烈的 剧烈的 感情或感受 强烈的 极度的intenseemotionsintenseheatanintensewriter 深情酷暑感受深刻的作者 60 intensivetrainingresearch intensiveintensivecare 强化训练研究密集型的悉心照顾 intensive深入细致的 加强的 强化的 setthestagefor para20 v prepareforExamples Thepresident srecentdeathsetthestageforamilitarycoup 军事政变Willthisagreementmerelysetthestageforanotherwar 61 Aninsectthatlivesonwheatcanbuildupitspopulationtomuchhigherlevelsonafarm developedtowheat thanononeinwhichwheatisintermingledwithothercropstowhichtheinsectisnotadapted para20 dependonsthforsurvival reachapoint degree onefarm mixtogether Thepopulationofaninsectthatlivesonwheatonafarmspecializingintheproductionofwheatismuchhigherthanthatonafarmproducingmultiple crops becausetheinsectcannotbeadjustedtoit Paraphrase 62 confine para21 v n keepwithinbounds restrict Pleaseconfineyourremarkstotheissuesathand Thesickchildwasconfinedtobed restrict limit tiedownShedoesn twantchildrenbecausetheywilltieherdown Tieddowntoaschedule wecannotaltertimecasually Ilimit confinemyselfto3cupsofcoffeeaday Trytolimit confineyourtalktotenminutes Theysucceededinconfining restrictingthefiretoasmallarea Thewoodsrestrict confineourvision 63 64 Innewterritory outofreachoftherestraininghandofthenaturalenemiesthatkeptdownitsnumbersinitsnativeland aninvadingplantoranimalisabletobecomeenormouslyabundant para23 outsidethedistancetowhichsb canstretchoutoftheirhands Innewregion thenumberofthenaturalenemiesinitsnativehomedecrease thepopulationofanintroducedplantoranimalarespreadingcolossally reproducedenormously Paraphrase Thusitisnoaccidentthatourmosttroublesomeinsectsareintroducedspecies 23 Itiscertain unavoidable That swhythemosttroublesomeinsectsinourcountryarebroughtinfromotherplaces it isusedasananticipatorysubject Paraphrase 65 Question Whatisthedifferencebetweenthenaturalspreadingofspeciesandtheman assistedprocess Andhowdoesthisprocesscontributetothepestproblem Thenatur