拓展模块Unit10学案(2).docx

绛县中学2017-2018学年 高二英语 导学案编号：s-014拓展模块Unit10 Climate and Peoples Life 学案（2） 主备：李荣荣 研备：英语教研组 时间：【教师寄语】：Life is not a race, but a journey to be savored each step of the way.（生命不是一场赛跑, 而是一步一个脚印的旅程。）【Learning aims】学习目标1识记本节课单词表中的单词并能正确使用；初步了解manage to,adaptation to等短语的含义及用法。2. 能快速阅读和精读，从材料中获取重要的信息，找到细节信息，并且理解长难句。【Learning Important Points】学习重点 理解文章的主旨和细节信息：了解气候与人们的生活的相关知识.【Learning Difficult Points】学习难点 学会关于气候与人们的生活的词，并运用这些词表达自己的观点。【Learning Mathod Guide】学法指导1.Fastreading to get a general idea of the text2 .Intensive reading to get more details about the text3.Individual ,pair or group work to make every student take an active part in the activities学习过程：【Warmingup】课前热身I. 重点单词浅色的，淡色的；轻的adj_限制，禁止v_农作物，庄稼n_良好的；有利的；讨人喜欢的adj_所谓的，号称的adj_集中；稠密n_阻饶；堵塞_中断；截断v_下雪【量】n_忍耐；忍受v_经受；遭受v_阻止，抵制v_II. 重点短语manage to_Adjust oneself to_adapt to_Be confined to_Be compared to_Central heating_Have effect on_With the development of_Air conditioning_【Lead in】导入（FastReading）Readthetextquicklyandanswerthefollowingquestions.1.Insomehotareasintheworld,whyaremostpeoplesskinblackorbrown?_2.Intheverycoldregions,peoplesskinisverylight,buttheirsizeislarger,doyouknowwhatthereasonsare?_3.Canyougivesomeexamplesthatmanhastolivetheirspeciallifeinordertoadapt toclimate?【Thinking】思(CarefulReading)ReadthetextquicklyandfinishtheexercisesonPage121.【Discussion】议Readthetextandmarkthefollowingphrasesinyourbook1. onearth2.managetodo3.adaptto4.exposureto5.burningrays6.accordingto 7.comparedto8.haveeffecton9.slowdown 10.withthedevelopmentof11.beconfinedto12.adjustoneselfto 13.playanimportantpartin 14.liveamorecomfortablelife【Show Time】 展1. He has _ live on every part of the planet, _ some climates have made life more difficult than others. 尽管有些气候已经使人类的生活比其他的气候更加困难，但人类还是设法生存在这个星球的各个地方。句中的manage 作“设法完成”解，有“经过努力最后终于完成”的意思，作此义解时，后面多跟不定式。又如：He _ escape from the fire. 他设法从大火中逃了出来。The room was very dirty, but he _ clean it. 这个房间很脏，但是他终于把它打扫干净了。manage 和try 都有“设法”的意思，但前者强调“终于完成了”，而后者则可能完成，也可能没完成。例如：He _ escape from the fire, but was badly burnt. 他设法从大火中逃出来，但还是被烧成重伤。He _ escape from the fire and finally succeeded. 他设法从大火中逃出来，终于成功了。even though 是连词词组，作“即使”“尽管”解，引出表示让步的状语从句。even though 也可以用even if 代替，意思和用法相同，又如：Theyll stand by you _ you dont succeed. 即使你不成功，他们也会支持你的。She wont leave the TV set, _ her husband is waiting for his supper.尽管她的丈夫正等她吃晚饭，她还是不愿意离开电视机。2. Sometimes man moved; sometimes he_ and_ the discomforts. 有时候，人们迁移；有时候留下来忍受着艰难。endure 的意思是“忍受”“忍耐”，后跟名词、不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语。又如：I cant _ that woman. 我对那个女人忍无可忍。I _ to see / seeing children suffer. 看着儿童受苦，我可受不了。She _ to hear / hearing about it. 听到这事，她难以忍受。The Indians _ much pain. 印第安人忍受了很多痛苦。句中remain 作“停留”解，与stay 同义，可以换用，又如：Please _ here till I return. 请呆到我回来。How many weeks will you_ here? 你将在这儿停留几周?另外remain 还用作连系动词，作“继续保持”“仍然处于某种状态”解，后跟形容词、名词、分词或介词短语，作表语。例如：If you dont eat youll just have to _ hungry. 如果你不吃东西，你就得继续挨饿。He _ in his seat after all the other students had gone home. 在别的学生都已回家之后，他仍然坐在座位上。The door _closed. 门仍然关着。We can _ friends. 我们仍然是朋友。She _ sitting when they came in. 他们进来时，她仍然坐着。remain 也有“剩下”“还有”“留下”的意思，用作不及物动词。例如：A few flowers still _ on the tree. 树上还剩下几朵花。They _ there all through the year. 他们在那里一直呆到年底。3. Where man has remained, he apparently has _ some physical changes that have helped him_ his climate. 在人长期逗留的地方，人就会明显地经历某些有助于他适应当地气候的身体上的变化。句中undergo (underwent, undergone) 意思是“经受”“遭受”，又如：The travelers _ many difficulties. 旅行者们经受了很多困难。She has _ a thorough examination at the hospital. 她在医院接受了全面检查。I _ an examination on Monday. 周一我将参加考试。The town _ great changes during the last five years. 在过去的五年里，这个城镇经历了巨大的变化。adapt to 作“适应（新环境等）”解，又如：He _ the climate. 他还不适应这种气候。Our eyes slowly _ the dark. 我们的眼睛慢慢地适应了黑暗的环境。She _the new climate. 她很快地适应了新的气候。4.The _ people generally come from colder regions, where they have _the sun. 肤色最浅的人一般来自较寒冷的地带，在那里他们较少暴露于阳光。skinned 是形容词，作“有某种皮肤的”解，它是由名词skin 双写n加ed 构成复合形容词。再如：three-legged 三条腿的。又如：Tom is a_ person. 汤姆是一个黑皮肤的人。exposure 用作不可数名词，作“暴露”解，与介词to 连用，意为“暴露于”。又如：_of the body to strong sunlight can be harmful. 身体受到烈日暴晒会受到损伤。The paint came off as the result of _to the rain. 由于暴露在雨中，油漆冲掉了。Her skin was dry after_ to the wind. 风吹后，她的皮肤干燥了。5.Mans size also seems to _ according to climate. 人的个子似乎也因气候而不同。vary 用作不及物动词，意思是“有差异”“会变化”，又如：People _ much in their ideas. 人们的想法有很多差异。（人们在想法上差异很多。）That sort of thing _from person to person. 那种事情因人而异。This student never _; his work is always very good. 这个学生从来没有什么变化，他的工作总是很出色。6. This difference might be explained by the fact_big people have less skin compared to weight than do small people. 这种差别可以用这样的事实解释：个子大的人的皮肤与其体重相比较要比个子小的人少一些。句中由that 引导的从句，说明前面名词fact 的内容，是同位语从句。在英语的某些名词，如：fact, hope, belief, doubt, idea, news, possibility, thought 等后面，有时可见到that引导的同位语从句。例如：The text tells us a fact _smoking does great harm to peoples health. 这篇课文告诉我们一个事实：吸烟有害于人体健康。I had no idea _ he had already gone abroad. 我不知道他已经出国了。The possibility_people would have to walk to the farm was not mentioned. 人们可能得步行去农场，这一点是没有提到过的。7.Climate has_ effect on agriculture. 气候对农业有重大的影响。本句中significant 有“重要的”“有意义的”“意味深长的”的意思，又如：It is _ that no one went to the meeting. 重要的是没有人去开会。Does the report give all the _ facts of the case? 这个报告提出有关这一情况的重要依据吗？Your success today may be _ for your future. 你现在的成功可能会对你的将来有意义的。8.Climatic factors _the length of the growing season, the total amount of rainfall, and the daily and seasonal changes in temperature _ the kinds of crops that can be grown. 气候因素，如：植物生长期的长短、雨水的总量以及温度的每日和季节性变化，都限制可种植的庄稼的种类。句中such as and seasonal changes in temperature是用来列举factors 的内容。restrict 作“限制”解，又如：He feels this new law will _ his freedom. 他认为这条新的法律会限制他的自由。They became more and more _ in their freedom of action. 他们的行动自由越来越受到限制。9.In areas of frequent storms, transportation is often _ or _. 在经常有暴风雨的地区，运输速度经常减缓或中断。本句中slow 为动词，作“减慢”“使缓慢”(to become / make slower)解，又如：_ before you reach the crossroads. 在你到达十字路口之前就应减速。The train_ its speed as it came near to the station. 当火车快驶进站时，就减速了。interrupt 的意思是“使中断”“中止（某活动）”，又如：He _ his work to answer the call. 他停止工作来接电话。The storm _ all travel by sea. 暴风雨已中断了所有的海上交通。The war _ the trade between the two countries. 战争使两国之间的贸易中断。10.Land transportation may be _ by heavy snowfall. 陆路运输可能会由于大雪而受阻。句中的block 为动词，意思是“阻塞”“阻碍”，又如：You cant leave the city, all the roads _snow. 你不能离开这个城市，所有的道路都被大雪封住了。The accident _traffic in the town center. 事故堵塞了市中心的交通。Her sickness _ my plans for the party. 他的病中断了我的聚会计划。11.However, _, such as air conditioning and central heating, people_ to_ favorable climates. 然而，随着技术的发展，如：空调和集中供热，人们就较少被局限在所谓的有利的气候中了。confine 作“限制”解，confine sb / sth to sth “将某人 /某物限制在一定范围内”。又如：I wish the speaker would _ himself _ the subject. 我希望演讲者不要离题。John _ for a week with his cold. 约翰感冒卧床一周了。He _for six years. 他被关在监狱六年了。so-called “所谓的”，通常作定语，含有贬义，多指名不符实的情况，又如：Where are your _ friends now? 你那些所谓的朋友，现在都在哪儿了？He is a _Christian, who shows no love to anyone. 他是一个没有爱心的所谓的基督徒。12._man changes his living habits in order to adjust to climate, but climate changes as well, _ more slowly.事实上，人类为适应气候而改变他的生活习惯，但气候也在变化，尽管这种变化较慢。It is true that 这是一个由形式主语it 引导的句子，其句型结构为It is + adj.+ that- clause，真正的主语是后面的that 从句。可用于该结构的形容词有：possible, impossible, necessary, important 等等。例如：_ it will snow tomorrow. 明天有可能下雪。_ every student keeps a diary in English. 每个学生用英语记日记是必要的。_ patients follow the advice of doctors. 病人听从医生的建议是很重要的。本课中man 的含义不是单指“男人”，而是“人类”“人”的总称，多用单数，其前不加冠词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，常用he，his 来代替。例如：Man _ himself. 人类创造了自身。Mans knowledge of things constantly _. 人类对事物的认识总是不断发展的。Man will conquer nature. 人定胜天。though more slowly 是一个省略句，全句应是though climate changes are more slow