状语从句2010整理

1 状语从句 状语从句 Adverbial Clauses 状语从句是副词性从句 它在句子中担任状语 修饰主句的动词 形容词或副词 根据修 饰的方面 状语从句可以分为以下九种 1 时间状语从句 2 地点状语从句 3 原因状语 从句 4 目的状语从句 5 结果状语从句 6 条件状语从句 7 方式状语从句 8 让步 状语从句 9 比较状语从句 1 时间状语从句时间状语从句 种类从属连词例 句说 明 when whenever When I came into the room he was writing a letter We shall go there whenever we are free When 可表示点的时间 或段的时间 从句中 用瞬间动词或延续动 词都可以 whenever 指的是 在任何一个不 具体的时间 whenI was walking along the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind I was about to go out when the telephone rang He had gone through six carriages when he found he could go no further when 意为 这时 或 在那个时候 可以看 作是并列句 这种用法 的 when 分句一般位 于句末 whileWhile it was raining they went out I stayed while he was away While he was doing his homework I was watching Tv Strike while the iron is hot while 指 在某一段时 间里 在 期间 while 引导的动作必须 是持续性的 主从句 都是进行时用 while 表 趁着 时用 while asHe hurried home looking behind as he went As time went on our teacher s words proved true as 引导持续性动作 强调主句和从句的动 作同时发生 一边 一边 表 随着 时 用 as 时时 间间 状状 语语 从从 句句 beforeBe a pupil before you become a teacher a 主语 had not 一段时间 before before 译为在 之前 肯定句 好久 才 否定句 不 b It will not 一段时间 before It was not 一段时间 before c 主句 before sb Can could do sth d 主句 before sb knew it 久 就 肯定句 要过 多久 才 否定句 不 久 就 某人还没来得及做某 事主句的动作就发生 了 不知不觉地主句的时 间就过去了 afterHe arrived after the game started till untillWe waited till until he came back 如主句动词是持续性 动作 常用肯定式 表示 直到 为止 until She didn t stop working until eleven o clock Until he had passed out of sight she stood there 如主句动词是瞬间动 词 常用否定式 表 示 直 才 在 以前 不 从句放在句首表 示强调 一般用 until since He has lived here since he came to China It is has 一段时间 since 主句用完成时 从句 用过去时 Since 从句中使用瞬间 动词要译成肯定意义 表示 做某事到现在 已经多久了 如是延 续动词 要译成否定 意义 表示 多久没 做某事了 hardly when no sooner than I had hardly got home when it began to rain Hardly had I got home when it began to rain No sooner had we got to the station than the train left Hardly had we begun when we were told hardly when 和 no sooner than 的意义相 当于 as soon as 但只表 示过去发生的事情 主句为过去完成时 从句为过去时 如 2 as soon as the moment the minute the instant immediately directly instantly to stop As soon as I arrive in Shanghai I ll write to you The moment I heard the song I felt cheerful hardly 或 no sooner 位 于句首时语气强 而 且主句的谓语要用部 分倒装 Every each time by the time the first time next time 等等 Every time I travelled by boat I got seasick Next time you come you ll see him 在时间状语从句中 不能用将来时或过去 将来时 而要用现在 时或过去时代替将来 时 where wherever Where there is a will there is a way Where there is water there is life You are free to go wherever you like Wherever you go you must obey the law where 与 wherever 意 义基本相同 但后者 语气较强 多用于书 面语 becauseI came back late yesterday because I was on duty because 用来回答 why 的问题 语气最强一 般放在主句之后 sinceSince everyone is here let s begin our meeting since 表示既然或全已 知的理由 稍加分析即 可表明的原因 多放句 首 asAs he didn t know much English he looked up the word in the dictionary 从句常放在句首 说 明原因 主句说明结 果 常用于口语中 now that seeing that Now that the weather has cleared up we can start our journey Seeing that he was badly ill we sent for the doctor seeing that now that 和 since as 意义相似 他们都有 鉴于某个事 实 的意思 that 可以 省去 that so that in order that lest for fear that I shall write down your telephone number that I may not forget We ll tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time Put on more clothes lest for fear that you should catch cold 目的状语从句中常用 情态动词 may might can could should 等 放在动词之前 从句 往往放在主句之后 主从句之间不用任何 标点符号 so that so that We turned up the radio so that everyone heard the news He was so excited that he couldn t say a word so that 前有逗号为结 果状语从句 so that 的 so 后面跟 形容词或副词 such thatHe gave such important reasons that he was excused It is such an interesting novel that all of us want to read it It is so interesting a novel that all of us want to read it such that 的 such 后 面跟名词 如果名词 是单数就要用 such a an that 还可以转换 用 so that 语气较强 if on condition that unless as so long as in case so far as 祈使句表示条祈使句表示条 件件 Difficulties are nothing if we are not afraid of them You may use my bike on condition that you must return it to by Friday We shall go there tomorrow unless it rains We shall go there tomorrow if it doesn t rain So As long as you work hard you will succeed In case I forget please remind me about it So far as I know the book will be published next month Work hard and you ll succeed unless 从句的谓语只 能用肯定式 unless 和 if not 同义 unless 是书面语 if not 是口语 通常 二者可以换用 条件状语从句中的谓 语动词的时态一般要 用现在时或过去时代 替一般将来时或过去 将来时 as as if as though Draw a cat as I taught you Do as you are told She looks as if she is ill He acted as if though nothing had 此处 as 译为 按照或 正如 as if 或 as though 的意 义和用法基本一样 3 happened They treat the black boy as if though he were an animal 从句中可以用现在时 表示可能符合事实 也可以用虚拟语气 though although whether or Although Though he was over sixty yet he began to learn French We were not tired though although we had worked all day Whether it is two in the morning or it is two in the afternoon you look like a star to me 在句子中一般用了 虽 然 就不能再用 但是 but 但可以与 yet 或 still 连用 though although 意义相同 用法基本一样 前者 通俗 口语化 后者 正式多放主句的前面 even if even though I ll go even if though it rains tomorrow even if 和 even though 的意思为 即使 纵使 有退一步设想的意味 多用于书面语中 as Child as he is he knows a lot Cold as it is Though it is cold the children play outdoors He was unable to make such progress hard as he tried Try as he might he failed as 引出的状语从句多 用于书面语 它比用 though 或 although 引 导的从句 语气强 更有表现力 从句常 放在句首 语序部分 倒装 No matter who what when where which how Do it no matter what others say No matter how busy he was he studied English every day No matter who takes up the matter for me I shall be very grateful no matter 与 who ever 引导的让步状语 从句意义基本一 样 no matter 引导的 从句可是以位于主句 前或主句后 wh ever whatever whoever whenever Whichever Whatever happens may happen we shall not lose heart Whoever comes he will be welcome wh ever 从句中的动 词有时可以和 may 连 用 判断 wh ever 引 导的是状语从句还是 名词性从句的一点是 however Whatever you do should be good for the society Please give the book to whoever wins the first prize 名词性从句 主句中 一定有一个成分要用 从句担任 一般从句 与主句之间没有逗号 不可将 no matter 与 wh ever 连用 as as not so as as the same as such as Mary is as old as my sister He doesn t run so as fast as Jack does His book is the same as mine Henry is not such a good worker as Peter 连词表示同程度级的 比较 肯定句用 as as 否定句可用 not as as 或 not so as thanShe has made greater progress this year than she did last year He bought fewer books than I did 表示不同程度之比较 主句中用比较级的形 容词或副词 the more the more The more you read the better you understand The more tickets you sell the more money you will get The harder you work the greater progress you will make The sooner the better The warmer the better the more the more 意 思为越 越 通常 的语序为从句在前主 句在后 这两个 the 都是表示程度的副词 用在比较级的形容词 或副词前面 句子意思明显 句子 的主语和动词都可省 略 that We are sure that the four modernization will be realized in China I m sorry that I didn t have time to write you sooner I am afraid that I can t go with you that 引导的从句 往 往跟在一个做表语的 形容词后面 从句概 念上看是宾语 所以 有的语法家把它看做 是宾语从句 但结构 上看 也可以把它看 作是一个特殊的状语 4 从句 用来修饰表语 的形容词 这种从句 的连词常常被省略 状语从句的简化状语从句的简化 一 当状语从句的主语是一 当状语从句的主语是 it 且谓语动词是且谓语动词是 be 时 时 it 和和 be 可全省略 例如 可全省略 例如 如果可能的话 他会帮你摆脱困境的 如果可能的话 他会帮你摆脱困境的 If it is possible he will help you out of the difficulty 二 当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时 从句可以将主语和二 当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时 从句可以将主语和 be 动词省略 常用于以下情动词省略 常用于以下情 况 况 1 连词 连词 形容词形容词 As he was young he learned how to ride a bike 2 连词 连词 名词名词 While he was a young boy he was always ready to help others 3 连词 连词 现在分词现在分词 As she was walking along the fiver bank she was singing a pop song 4 连词 连词 过去分词过去分词 He won t go there with us unless he is invited 5 连词 连词 不定式不定式 He stood up as if he were to say something 6 连词 连词 介词短语介词短语 She looked anxious as though she was in trouble 注意 若从句主语和主句主语不一致时 从句部分要么用完全形式 要么用独立主格结构来表注意 若从句主语和主句主语不一致时 从句部分要么用完全形式 要么用独立主格结构来表 达 例如 达 例如 When the meeting was over all the people went out of the meeting room The meeting over While she was reading the novel tears came to her eyes She reading the novel 巩固性练习 请选出符合题意的最佳选项 巩固性练习 请选出符合题意的最佳选项 1 When first to the market these products enjoy great success A introducing B introduced C introduce D being introduced 2 It shames me to say it but I told a lie when at the meeting by my boss A questioning B having questioned C questioned D to be questioned 3 The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if whether he was going in the fight direction A seeing B having seen C to have seen D to see 4 Generally speaking according to the directions the drug has no side effect A when taking B when taken C when to take D when to be taken 5 Unless to speak you should remain silent at the conference A invited B inviting C being invited D having invited 6 The research is so designed that once nothing can be done to change it A begins B having begun C beginning D began 7 When the museum will be open to the public next year A completed B completing C being completed D to be completed 8 Though money his parents managed to send him to university A lacked B lacking of C lacking D lacked in 09年高考题年高考题 1 1 北京卷 北京卷2222 YouYou maymay useuse thethe roomroom asas youyou likelike youyou cleanclean itit upup afterwards afterwards A A soso farfar asas B B soso longlong asas C C inin casecase D D eveneven ifif 2 2 四川卷 四川卷 1212 OwenOwen wouldn twouldn t eateat anythinganything hehe cookedcooked itit himselfhimself A A untiluntil B B sincesince C C unlessunless D D whilewhile 3 3 四川卷 四川卷 2020 She llShe ll nevernever forgetforget herher staystay therethere sheshe foundfound herher sonson whowho hadhad gonegone missingmissing twotwo yearsyears before before A A thatthat B B whichwhich C C wherewhere D D whenwhen 4 4 江苏卷 江苏卷 3131 unemploymentunemployment andand crimecrime areare high high itit cancan bebe assumedassumed thatthat thethe latterlatter isis duedue toto thethe former former A A BeforeBefore B B WhereWhere C C UnlessUnless D D UntilUntil 5 5 福建卷 福建卷 3333 SheShe hadhad justjust finishedfinished herher homeworkhomework herher mothermother askedasked herher toto practicepractice playingplaying thethe pianopiano yesterday yesterday A A whenwhen B B whilewhile C C afterafter D D sincesince 6 6 湖南卷 湖南卷 3434 thethe policepolice thoughtthought hehe waswas thethe mostmost likelylikely one one sincesince theythey hadhad nono exactexact proofproof aboutabout it theyit they couldcould notnot arrestarrest him him A A AlthoughAlthough B B AsAs longlong asas C C IfIf onlyonly D D AsAs soonsoon asas 7 7 辽宁卷 辽宁卷 30 30 ItIt justjust isn tisn t fair fair I I waswas workingworking asas a a waiterwaiter lastlast month month mymy friendsfriends werewere lyinglying onon thethe beach beach A A wheneverwhenever B B thoughthough C C forfor D D whilewhile 8 8 山东卷 山东卷 2828 TheThe littlelittle girlgirl whowho gotgot lostlost decideddecided toto remainremain she she waswas andand waitwait forfor herher mother mother A A wherewhere B B whatwhat C C howhow D D whowho 9 9 山东卷 山东卷 3232 ShallShall wewe havehave ourour picnicpicnic tomorrow ittomorrow it doesn tdoesn t rain rain 5 A A UntilUntil B B WhileWhile C C OnceOnce D D IfIf 10 10 陕西卷 陕西卷 1313 MyMy parentsparents don tdon t mindmind whatwhat jobjob I I dodo I I amam happy happy A A eveneven thoughthough B B asas soonsoon asas C C asas longlong asas D D asas thoughthough 11 11 全国卷 全国卷 IIII 1010 AllAll thethe dishesdishes inin thisthis menu menu otherwiseotherwise stated stated willwill serveserve twotwo toto threethree people people A A asas B B ifif C C thoughthough D D unlessunless 12 12 浙江卷 浙江卷 8 8 TheThe medicinemedicine worksworks moremore effectivelyeffectively youyou drinkdrink somesome hothot waterwater afterafter takingtaking it it A A asas B B untiluntil C C althoughalthough D D ifif 13 13 重庆卷 重庆卷 2727 PeterPeter waswas soso excitedexcited he he receivedreceived anan invitationinvitation fromfrom hishis friendfriend toto visitvisit Chongqing A Chongqing A wherewhere B B thatthat C C whywhy D D whenwhen 08 年高考题年高考题 1 全国 全国 I 卷 卷 31 Have you got any idea for the summer vacation I don t mind where we go there s sun sea and beach A as if B as long as C now that D in order that 2 安徽卷 安徽卷 31 Do you have a minute I ve got something to tell you Ok you make it short A now that B if only C so long as D every time 3 安徽卷 安徽卷 26 All the neighbor admire this family the parents are treating their child like a friend A why B where C which D that 4 福建卷 福建卷 28 Nancy enjoyed herself so much she visited her friends in Sydney last year A that B which C when D where 5 湖南卷 湖南卷 33 the Internet is of great help I don t think it s a good idea to spend too much time on it A If B While C Because D As 6 山东卷 山东卷 22 He found it increasingly difficult to read his eyesight was beginning to fail A though B for C but D so 7 山东卷 山东卷 31 You d better not leave the medicine kids can get at it A even if B which C where D so that 8 辽宁卷 辽宁卷 28 hungry I am I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread A Whatever B Whenever C Wherever D However 9 辽宁卷 辽宁卷 32 I used to love that film I was a child but I don t feel it that way any more A once B when C since D although 10 全国全国 II 7 A small car is big enough for a family of three you need more space for baggage A once B because C if D unless 11 四川卷四川卷 6 There were some chairs left over everyone had sat down A when B until C that D where 12 浙江卷 浙江卷 16 Don t promise anything you are one hundred percent sure A whether B after C how D unless 13 北京卷 北京卷 23 Did you return Fred s call I didn t need to I ll see him tomorrow A though B unless C when D because 14 北京卷 北京卷 34 I m sorry you ve been waiting so long but it ll still be some time Brian get back A before B since C till D after 15 天津卷 天津卷 1 We ll have a picnic in the park this Sunday it rains or it s very cold A since B if C unless D until 16 上海卷上海卷 31 Are you ready for Spain Yes I want the girls to experience that they are young A while B until C if D before 17 上海卷上海卷 40 well prepared you are you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing A However B Whatever C No matter D Although 07 年高考题年高考题 1 071 07 安徽安徽 21 21 TheThe fieldfield researchresearch willwill taketake JoanJoan andand PaulPaul aboutabout 5 5 months months itit willwill bebe a a longlong timetime wewe meetmeet again again A A afterafter B B beforebefore C C sincesince D D whenwhen 2 2 07 07 天津天津 08 08 ItIt isis difficultdifficult forfor usus toto learnlearn a a lessonlesson inin lifelife we vewe ve actuallyactually hadhad thatthat lesson lesson A A untiluntil B B afterafter C C sincesince D D whenwhen 6 3 3 07 07 全国卷全国卷 I I 26 26 I I won twon t callcall youyou somethingsomething unexpectedunexpected happens happens A A unlessunless B B whetherwhether C C becausebecause D D whilewhile 4 4 07 07 北京北京 25 25 Where sWhere s thatthat report report I I broughtbrought itit toto youyou youyou werewere inin Mr Mr Black sBlack s officeoffice yesterday yesterday A A ifif B B whenwhen C C becausebecause D D beforebefore 5 5 07 07 北京北京 33 33 LeaveLeave youryour keykey withwith a a neighborneighbor youyou locklock yourselfyourself outout oneone day day A A everever sincesince B B eveneven ifif C C soonersooner afterafter D D inin casecase 6 6 07 07 湖南湖南 28 28 HavingHaving checkedchecked thethe doorsdoors werewere closed closed andand allall thethe lightslights werewere turnedturned off off thethe boyboy openedopened thethe doordoor toto hishis bedroom bedroom A A whywhy B B thatthat C C whenwhen D D wherewhere 7 7 07 07 湖南湖南 33 33 MostMost birdsbirds findfind itit safesafe toto sleepsleep inin thethe trees trees butbut theythey havehave eggseggs oror youngyoung chicks chicks theythey don tdon t useuse a a nest nest A A whywhy B B howhow C C unlessunless D D wherewhere 8 8 07 07 福建福建 29 29 YouYou willwill bebe successfulsuccessful inin thethe interviewinterview youyou havehave confidence confidence A A beforebefore B B onceonce C C untiluntil D D thoughthough 9 9 07 07 重庆重庆 22 22 MyMy parentsparents livelive inin a a smallsmall village village TheyThey alwaysalways keepkeep somesome candlescandles inin thethe househouse therethere isis a a powerpower off off A A ifif B B unlessunless C C inin casecase D D soso thatthat 10 10 07 07 江西江西 29 29 HeHe waswas toldtold thatthat itit wouldwould bebe atat leastleast threethree moremore monthsmonths hehe couldcould recoverrecover andand returnreturn toto work work A A whenwhen B B beforebefore C C sincesince D D thatthat 06 年高考题年高考题 1 environmental damage is done it takes many years for the ecosystem to recover A Even ifB If onlyC WhileD Once 2 The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain the quality of life is probably one of the highest 2006 年天津 年天津 A since B when C as D while 3 If you are traveling the customs are really foreign to your own please do as the Romans do 2006 年天津 年天津 A in which B what C when D where 4 you have tried it you can t imagine how pleasant it is A UnlessB Because C AlthoughD When 5 How long do you think it will be China sends a manned spaceship to the moon Perhaps two or three years 2006 年福建卷年福建卷 A when B until C that D before 6 You can t have this football back you promise not to kick it at my cat again the old man said firmly A because B since C when D until 7 I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel I heard the steps 2006 年湖南卷年湖南卷 A while B when C since D after 8 He was about halfway through his meal a familiar voice came to his ears A why B where C when D while 9 Engines are to machines hearts are to animals A as B that C what D which 10 How can you expect to learn anything you never listen A in case B even if C unless D when 11 Why didn t you tell him about the meeting He rushed out of the room I could say a word A before B until C when D after 12 We don t keep winning games we keep playing well A because B unless C when D while 13 In time of serious accidents we know some basic things about first aid we can save lives 2006 年重庆卷年重庆卷 A whether B until C if D unless 14 and I ll get the work finished 2006 年重庆卷年重庆卷 A Have one more hour B One more hour C Given one more hour D If I have one more hour 15 he has limi